JP5147479B2 - ナノセンサ - Google Patents
ナノセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- JP5147479B2 JP5147479B2 JP2008074167A JP2008074167A JP5147479B2 JP 5147479 B2 JP5147479 B2 JP 5147479B2 JP 2008074167 A JP2008074167 A JP 2008074167A JP 2008074167 A JP2008074167 A JP 2008074167A JP 5147479 B2 JP5147479 B2 JP 5147479B2
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Description
本願は、米国特許法第119条(e)項の規定により、同一出願人の所有に係り同時係属している「ナノワイヤおよびナノチューブナノセンサ」(「Nanowire and Nanotube Nanosensors」)と題する米国仮出願シリアル番号60/292,035号(出願日:2001年5月18日)および「ナノワイヤおよびナノチューブナノセンサ」(「Nanowire and Nanotube Nanosensors」)と題する60/254,745号(出願日:2000年12月11日)に基づく優先権を主張する。これらは各々、言及によってその全体が本願に組み込まれる。
1つの側面では、本発明はナノスケールデバイスを提供する。デバイスは試料露出領域とナノワイヤとによって規定され、ナノワイヤの少なくとも一部は、試料露出領域中の試料によってアドレス可能である。1つの実施態様では、デバイスはさらにナノワイヤに関する性質を決定できる検出器を含んでもよい。
別の実施態様では、デバイスは、バルクナノワイヤのコア領域と官能性部位である外部領域部分とを含む、官能基化されたナノワイヤを含む。
別の方法は、ナノワイヤを約10マイクロリットル未満の容積の試料と接触させる場合に、ナノワイヤに関する特性の変化を測定する工程を伴う。
& Nucleotide 13:1597;Chapters 2 and
3、ASC Symposium Series 580、「Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research」Y.S.SanghuiおよびP.Dan Cook編;Mesmaeker他(1994)、Bioorganic & Medicinal Chem.Lett.4:395;Jeffs他(1994)J.Biomolecular NMR 34:17;Tetrahedron Lett.37:743(1996))、および非リボース骨格を備えたものを含み、非リボース骨核の例として米国特許第5,235,033号および第5,034,506号ならびにChapters 6 and 7、ASC Symposium Series 580、Carbohydrate Modifications in Antisense Research、Y.S.SanghuiおよびP.Dan Cook編に記載されたものを含む。1つまたは複数の炭素環の糖を含む核酸も、核酸の定義内に含まれる(Jenkins他(1995)、Chem.Soc.Rev.pp.169〜176参照)。いくつかの核酸アナログはRawls,C & E News June 2、1997第35頁に記載されている。リボース−ホスフェート骨格のこれらの修飾は、ラベルなどの追加部位の付加を容易にするため、または生理学的環境中でのそうした分子の安定性および半減期を増加させるために行ってもよい。
Si、Ge、Sn、Se、Te、B、ダイヤモンド、P
単体半導体の固溶体:
B−C、B−P(BP6)、B−Si、Si−C、Si−Ge、Si−Sn、Ge−Sn
IV−IV族半導体:
SiC
III−V半導体:
BN/BP/BAs、AlN/AlP/AlAs/AlSb、GaN/GaP/GaAs/GaSb、InN/InP/InAs/InSb、
III−V族合金:
上記の化合物(例えば:AlGaN、GaPAs、InPA、GaInN、AlGaInN、GaInAsPなど)の2種以上の任意の組合せ
II−VI半導体:
ZnO/ZnS/ZnSe/ZnTe、CdS/CdSe/CdTe、HgS/HgSe/HgTe、BeS/BeSe/BeTe/MgS/MgSe
II−VI族の合金:
上記化合物の2種または複数の任意の組合せ(例えば(ZnCd)Se、Zn(SSe)など)
II−VIおよびIII−V半導体:
任意の1種のII−VIおよび1種のIII−V化合物の組合せ(例えば(GaAs)x(ZnS)1-x
IV−VI半導体:
GeS、GeSe、GeTe、SnS、SnSe、SnTe、PbO、PbS、PbSe、PbTe
I−VII半導体:
CuF、CuCl、CuBr、CuI、AgF、AgCl、AgBr、AgI
他の半導体化合物:
II−IV−V2:BeSiN2、CaCN2、ZnGeP2、CdSnAs2、ZnSnSb2など
I−IV2−V3:CuGeP3、CuSi2P3など
I−III−VI2:Cu,Ag)(Al,Ga,In,T1,Fe)(S,Se,Te)2
IV3−V4:Si3N4、Ge3N4など
III2−VI3:Al203、(Al,Ga,In)2(S,Se,Te)3など
III2−IV−VI:Al2COなど
IV族半導体材料については、p型のドーパントはIII族から、また、n型ドーパントはV族から選ぶことができる。シリコン半導体材料については、p型のドーパントはB、AlおよびInからなる群から、また、n型ドーパントはP、AsおよびSbからなる群から選ぶことができる。III−V族半導体材料については、p型ドーパントは、Mg、Zn、CdおよびHgを含むII族から、またはCとSiを含むIV族から選ぶことができる。n型ドーパントは、Si、Ge、Sn、S、SeおよびTeからなる群から選ぶことができる。本発明がこれらのドーパントに限定されないことは理解されるであろう。
Re=ρd2/ητ+ρud/η
で与えられる(ここで、uは速度ベクトルであり、ρは流体の粘度であり、ηは流体の粘性であり、dはチャネルの固有寸法であり、τは速度変化に対する時間スケールである(ここで、u/τ=δu/dτ))。本願において「固有寸法(characteristic dimension)」という用語は、当業者に知られているようにレイノルズ数を決定する寸法である。円筒状のチャネルについては、それは直径である。矩形チャネルについては、それは主として幅および深さのより小さな方に依存する。V字形のチャネルについては、それは、「V」の頂上部分の幅に依存するなどである。様々な形状のチャネルについてのReの計算は、流体力学についての標準的テキストに見られる(例えば、Granger(1995)Fluid Mechanics、Dover,N.Y.;Meyer(1982)Introduction to Mathematical Fluid Dynamics、Dover、N.Y.)。
Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill、Cambridge University Press、1989、第113〜174頁により詳細に記述されており、その内容全体は言及によって本願によって組み込まれる。電荷キャリアのこの利用可能性は第3の「制御電極」(ゲート電極としても知られる)に印加された電圧によって制御される。チャネルの導電性は、チャネルを横切って電界を生じさせるゲート電極に印加された電圧によって制御される。図16aおよび16bのデバイスは、化学物質または配位子−FETと考えることができ、その理由は、化学物質または配位子がゲートで電圧をもたらし、これが電界を生じてチャネルの伝導性を変化させるからである。このチャネルの伝導性の変化は、チャネルを通る電流の流れに影響を及ぼす。このため、FETはソースおよびドレインを通じてチャネルを通る電流をゲート上の電圧が制御する相互コンダクタンスデバイスと呼ばれることも多い。FETのゲートは、例えば、接合FET(JFET)中でのような半導体接合の使用または金属酸化膜半導体FET(MOSFET)の中でのような酸化物絶縁体の使用によって伝導チャネルから絶縁される。したがって、図AおよびBでは、ナノワイヤセンサのSiO2外表面はゲートのためのゲート絶縁部としても機能し得る。
別の実施態様では、1以上のナノワイヤを微小流(microfluidic)チャネルに配設してもよい。1以上の異なるナノワイヤを同じマイクロチャネルと交差させ、異なる検体を検出したり、同じ検体の流速を異なる位置で測定することができる。別の実施態様では、微小流チャネル内に配置された1以上のナノワイヤが、微小針プローブまたは読み取りプローブ中の複数の分析素子のうちの1つを形成してもよい。微小針プローブは埋め込むことができて、リアルタイムでいくつかの検体を同時に検出できる。別の実施態様では、微小流チャネル中に配設した1以上のナノワイヤが、チップデバイス上のカセットまたはラボのためののマイクロアレイにおける分析素子のうちの1つを形成できる。当業者であれば、チップデバイス上のこのようなカセットまたはラボが、高処理能力の化学分析およびコンビナトリアルな創薬に特に適することを理解するであろう。さらに、ナノスケールセンサを使用する関連する方法は、他のセンシング技術のようにラベリングを行う必要がないという点で、迅速かつ単純である。1つのナノスケールセンサに多数のナノワイヤを含め得ることから、単一試料中で存在が疑われる異なる検体を同時に検出できる。例えば、ナノスケールのpHセンサは、それぞれ異なるpHレベルを検出する複数のナノスケールワイヤを含んでもよく、多数のナノスケールワイヤを有するナノスケールのオリゴセンサは多数の配列または配列の組合せを検出するために使用してもよい。
1.試料露出領域とナノワイヤを含む物品であって、ナノワイヤの少なくとも一部が試料露出領域において試料によってアドレス可能である物品。
2.ナノワイヤに関する性質を決定するために構築され配置された検出器をさらに含む上記第1に記載の物品。
3.試料露出領域がマイクロチャネルを含む上記第1に記載の物品。
4.試料露出領域がウェルを含む上記第1に記載の物品。
5.ナノワイヤが半導体ナノワイヤである上記第1に記載の物品。
6.半導体ナノワイヤがシリコンナノワイヤである上記第5に記載の物品。
7.半導体ナノワイヤがP−N接合を含む上記第5に記載の物品。
8.半導体ナノワイヤが多重p−n接合を含む上記第5に記載の物品。
9.半導体ナノワイヤが、それぞれ異なる濃度のドーパントでドープされた複数のナノワイヤのうちの1本である上記第5に記載の物品。
10.ナノワイヤがカーボンナノチューブである上記第1に記載の物品。
11.ナノチューブが単層ナノチューブである上記第10に記載の物品。
12.ナノチューブが多層ナノチューブである上記第10に記載の物品。
13.ナノワイヤが未修飾のナノワイヤである上記第1に記載の物品。
14.反応体が、検体の結合パートナーを含む上記第24に記載の物品。
15.結合パートナーが非特異的である上記第14に記載の物品。
16.結合パートナーが特異的である上記第14に記載の物品。
17.結合パートナーがナノワイヤ表面上の化学基を含み、その組合せが、−OH、−CHO、−COOH、−SO3H、−CN、−NH2、−SH、−COSH、COOR、ハロゲン化物からなる群から選択される上記第14に記載の物品。
18.結合パートナーが、DNA、DNA断片、抗体、抗原、タンパク質および酵素からなる群から選択される特異的な生体分子受容体を含む上記第14に記載の物品。
19.結合パートナーがナノワイヤ表面にグラフトされた短いポリマー鎖を含み、その鎖がポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリアクリル酸、ポリイミドからなるポリマーの群から選択される上記第14に記載の物品、
20.結合パートナーがナノワイヤ表面に被覆された薄いヒドロゲル層を含む上記第14に記載の物品。
21.結合パートナーがナノワイヤ表面の薄い被覆を含み、被覆が酸化物、硫化物およびセレン化物からなる群から選択される上記第14に記載の物品。
22.ナノワイヤの電気的特性がナノワイヤ表面の化学的変化に敏感であり、ナノワイヤが化学物質によってゲート制御されるナノワイヤ電界効果トランジスタを含む上記第1に記載の物品。
23.ナノワイヤがエレクトロルミネセンス材料、フォトルミネセンス材料およびダイオードからなる群から選択される材料を含み、ナノワイヤの発光特性がナノワイヤ表面の化学的変化に敏感である上記第1に記載の物品。
24.さらに反応体を含み、反応体と試料中の検体の間の相互作用がナノワイヤの特性に検出可能な変化をもたらすように、反応体がナノワイヤに対して位置する上記第1に記載の物品。
25.反応体が核酸、抗体、糖、炭水化物およびタンパク質からなる群から選択される上記第24に記載の物品。
26.反応体が触媒を含む上記第24に記載の物品。
27.反応体が量子ドットを含む上記第24に記載の物品。
28.反応体がポリマーを含む上記第24に記載の物品。
29.反応体がナノワイヤに固定されている上記第24に記載の物品。
30.反応体がナノワイヤの5ナノメートル以内に位置する上記第24に記載の物品。
31.反応体がナノワイヤの3ナノメートル以内に位置する上記第24に記載の物品。
32.反応体がナノワイヤの1ナノメートル以内に位置する上記第24に記載の物品。
33.反応体がリンカーによってナノワイヤに付着される上記第24に記載の物品。
34.反応体が、ナノワイヤに直接付着される上記第24に記載の物品。
35.反応体がナノワイヤに電気的に結合されるようにナノワイヤに対して位置し、試料中の検体と反応体との間の検出可能な相互作用が、ナノワイヤの電気的特性に検出可能な変化を起こす上記第24に記載の物品。
36.マイクロチャネルの最小の横方向寸法が1mm未満である上記第3に記載の物品。
37.マイクロチャネルの最小の横方向寸法が0.5mm未満である上記第3に記載の物品。
38.マイクロチャネルの最小の横方向寸法が200ミクロン未満である上記第3に記載の物品。
39.ナノワイヤが、センサを含む複数のナノワイヤのうちの1本である上記第1に記載の物品。
40.複数のナノワイヤのそれぞれが、試料露出領域に位置する少なくとも一部分を含む上記第39に記載の物品。
41.複数のナノワイヤが少なくとも10本のナノワイヤを含む上記第39に記載の物品。
42.多数のナノワイヤが平行に配置され、1対の電極によってアドレスされる上記第41に記載の物品。
43.多数のナノワイヤが互いに平行に配列され、多数対の電極によって個別にアドレスされる上記第41に記載の物品。
44.多数のナノワイヤが異なるもので、それぞれが異なる検体を検出できる上記第43に記載の物品。
45.多数のナノワイヤがランダムな方向を向いている上記第41に記載の物品。
46.ナノワイヤが基板の表面に位置する上記第1に記載の物品。
47.試料露出領域がマイクロチャネルを含み、ナノワイヤがマイクロチャネルの中で懸濁される上記第1に記載の物品。
48.物品が、基板の表面に形成されたセンサアレイ中の複数のナノワイヤセンサのうちの1つである上記第1に記載の物品。
49.基板がガラス、二酸化ケイ素被覆したシリコンおよびポリマーからなる群から選択される上記第48に記載の物品。
50.マイクロチャネルが、試料を含む流体についてレイノルズ数(Re)約1未満となるような寸法である上記第3に記載の物品。
51.レイノルズ数が約0.01未満である上記第42に記載の物品。
52.試料露出領域に流体試料を受容するように構築され配置された上記第1に記載の物品。
53.試料が気体ストリームである上記第44に記載の物品。
54.試料が液体である上記第44に記載の物品。
55.物品が複数のナノワイヤおよび複数の反応体を含み、少なくとも反応体の一部は、反応体と検体の間の相互作用がナノワイヤの特性に検出可能な変化をもたらすようにナノワイヤに対して位置する、上記第1に記載の物品。
56.少なくとも1つの反応体がナノワイヤの100ナノメートル以内に位置する上記第55に記載の物品。
57.少なくとも1つの反応体がナノワイヤの50ナノメートル以内に位置する上記第55に記載の物品。
58.少なくとも1つの反応体がナノワイヤの10ナノメートル以内に位置する上記第55に記載の物品。
59.試料露出領域が、生物試料によってアドレス可能である上記第1に記載の物品。
60.物品が微小針プローブ用のセンサ素子を形成する上記第1に記載の物品。
61.微小針が生物対象中に埋込み可能である上記第60に記載の物品。
62.物品が生理学的特性をモニタできるセンサである上記第60に記載の物品。
63.センサが複数の生理学的特性をモニタできる上記第60に記載の物品。
64.物品が同時に複数の生理学的特性をモニタできる上記第60に記載の物品。
65.対象中の酸素濃度、二酸化炭素濃度およびグルコースレベルの少なくとも1つを決定できる上記第60に記載の物品。
66.統合浸漬プローブセンサ用のセンサ素子を形成する上記第1に記載の物品。
67.プラグアンドプレーのセンサアレイ用のセンサ素子を形成する上記第1に記載の物品。
68.物品がナノワイヤに刺激を伝達でき、検出器が刺激に起因する信号を決定するように構築され配置される上記第2に記載の物品。
69.刺激が直流電流/電圧、交流電圧および電磁放射からなる群から選択される上記第68に記載の物品。
70.検出器がナノワイヤに関する電気的な性質を決定するように構築され配置される上記第2に記載の物品。
71.検出器がナノワイヤに関する電磁的性質の変化を決定するように構築され配置される上記第2に記載の物品。
72.検出器がナノワイヤに関する発光特性の変化を決定するように構築され配置される上記第2に記載の物品。
73.検体を含有すると疑われる試料にナノワイヤを接触させ;
ナノワイヤの特性変化を決定する;
工程を含む方法。
74.最初にナノワイヤの特性を測定し;
次いでナノワイヤを試料に接触させ;
次いでナノワイヤに関する性質の変化を決定する;
工程を含む、上記第73に記載の方法。
75.ナノワイヤを準備し、そのナノワイヤを容積が約10マイクロリットル未満の試料と接触させ;
その接触に起因するナノワイヤの特性の変化を測定する;
工程を含む方法。
76.検体を含むと疑われる試料にナノワイヤを接触させ;
その接触に起因するナノワイヤの特性変化の測定により、検体の存在または量を決定する;
工程を含み、10個未満の検体の分子が検出される特性の変化に寄与する方法。
77.5個未満の化学種分子が電気的特性の変化に寄与する上記第76の方法。
78.1個の化学種分子が電気的特性の検出される変化に寄与する上記第77の方法。
79.試料露出領域及びナノワイヤを備えた試料カセットを含む物品であって、ナノワイヤの少なくとも一部が試料露出領域の試料によってアドレス可能であり;試料カセットが、ナノワイヤに関する特性を決定できる検出器装置に動作可能なように接続可能である、物品。
80.少なくとも1つのナノワイヤと、該少なくとも1つのナノワイヤの特性の変化を測定するための手段とを備えたセンサ。
81.ナノワイヤを試料に接触させ;
ナノワイヤに関する性質を決定する;
工程を含み、ナノワイヤを試料に接触させる際の特性の変化が試料中の検体の存在または量を示す、検体の検出方法。
82.導電体を試料に接触させ;
接触に起因する導体特性の変化の測定により、試料中の検体の存在または量を決定する;
工程を含み、検体の10個未満の分子が前記特性の変化に寄与するものである方法。
83.ナノワイヤコア領域、および外部領域を含み、外部領域がナノワイヤコアに化学的にまたは物理的に結合される官能性部位を含む物品。
84.コアがSi、GaN、AlN、InN、GaAs、AlAs、InAs、InP、GaP、SiC、CdSe、ZnSe、ZnTe、ZnO、SnO2およびTiO2からなる群から選択される材料を含む、半導体ナノワイヤである上記第83に記載の物品。
85.ナノワイヤコアが0.5〜200nmの範囲の直径を有する上記第83に記載の物品。
86.ナノワイヤコアが2を超えるアスペクト比を有する上記第83に記載の物品。
87.外部領域における官能性部位が、−OH、−CHO、−COOH、−SO3H、−CN、−NH2、−SH、−COSH、COOR、ハロゲン化物からなる群から選択される基または基の組合せである上記第83に記載の物品。
88.官能性部位が、アミノ酸、タンパク質、DNA、抗体、抗原および酵素からなる群から選択される基である上記第83に記載の物品。
89.官能性部位がナノワイヤコアの直径未満の鎖長のグラフトポリマー鎖を含み、そのポリマーがポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリイミド、ポリアクリル酸を含むポリマーの群から選択される、上記第83に記載の物品。
90.官能性部位がナノワイヤコアの表面を覆う薄い被覆を含み、その被膜が金属、半導体および絶縁体からなる群から選択される、上記第83に記載の物品。
91.被覆が金属元素、酸化物、硫化物、窒化物、セレン化物、ポリマーおよびポリマーゲルからなる群から選択される上記第90に記載の物品。
92.導体と電気的に接触してソース電極を形成する第1の端部と、導体と電気的に接触してドレイン電極を形成する第2の端部と、その上に酸化物を有してゲート電極を形成する外表面とを有する半導体ナノワイヤ、ならびに、
選択された部位について特異性を有し、外表面に結合した結合剤であって、前記部位が結合剤に結合するのに応じてゲート電極における電圧が変化して、化学的にゲート制御される電界効果センサデバイスを提供する結合剤
を備えたナノワイヤセンサデバイス。
93.所定の電流−電圧特性を有し、化学的または生物学的センサとしての使用に適合した、検体によりゲート制御される電界効果トランジスタであって:
(a)第1の絶縁材料から形成された基板;
(b)基板上に配設されたソース電極;
(c)基板上に配設されたドレイン電極、
(d)ソースおよびドレイン電極間に配設され、所定の電流−電圧特性を有する電界効果トランジスタを形成する半導体ナノワイヤ、および
(e)ナノワイヤの表面上に配設され、目標検体との間に生じる結合事象が前記電界効果トランジスタの電流−電圧特性に検出可能な変化を起こす、検体に特異的な結合剤
を含む電界効果トランジスタ。
94.検体が化学的部位である、上記第93記載の検体にゲート制御される電界効果トランジスタ。
95.化学的部位が小さな有機化合物である、上記第94記載の検体にゲート制御される電界効果トランジスタ。
96.化学的部位がイオンである、上記第94記載の検体にゲート制御される電界効果トランジスタ。
97.検体が生物学的部位である、上記第93記載の検体にゲート制御される電界効果トランジスタ。
98.検体がタンパク質、核酸、炭水化物、脂質およびステロイドからなる群から選択される、上記第97記載の検体にゲート制御される電界効果トランジスタ。
99.少なくとも100個の前記検体にゲート制御される電界効果トランジスタのアレイを含む上記第93の物品。
100.物品に結合する検体特異的結合剤の集団に関して同質である上記第99の物品。
101.物品に結合する検体特異的結合剤の集団に関して異質である上記第99の物品。
102.反応体がナノワイヤに光学的に結合するよう、反応体がナノワイヤに対して位置し;試料中の検体と反応体との間の検出可能な相互作用が、ナノワイヤの特性の検出可能な変化を起こす;上記第24に記載の物品。
Claims (14)
- コア領域と該コア領域を取り囲む外側領域とを含む中実のシリコンナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は、該ナノワイヤの構築後に該ナノワイヤに付加される化学物質又は生物学的物質により官能基化されており、
ナノワイヤのコア領域の直径が0.5nmから200nmの範囲にある物品。 - コア領域と該コア領域を取り囲む外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は、該ナノワイヤの構築後に該ナノワイヤに付加される金属元素、酸化物、硫化物、窒化物、ポリマー、又はポリマーゲルの1以上により官能基化されている物品。 - コア領域と該コア領域を取り囲む外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は、該ナノワイヤの構築後に該ナノワイヤに付加される−OH、−CHO、−COOH、−SO3H、−CN、−NH2、−SH、−COSH、−COOR、又はハライドの1以上により官能基化されている物品。 - コア領域と該コア領域を取り囲む外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は、該ナノワイヤの構築後に該ナノワイヤに付加される核酸、抗体、抗原、糖、炭水化物、アミノ酸、タンパク質、又は酵素の1以上により官能基化されている物品。 - コア領域と該コア領域を取り囲む外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は、該ナノワイヤの構築後に該ナノワイヤに付加される化学物質又は生物学的物質により官能基化されており、さらに
該外側領域が反応体を含み、
反応体と試料中の検体との間の相互作用が該ナノワイヤの特性に検出可能な変化をもたらすように、該反応体がナノワイヤに対して位置されている物品。 - コア領域と該コア領域を取り囲む外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は、該ナノワイヤの構築後に該ナノワイヤに付加される化学物質又は生物学的物質により官能基化されており、
該ナノワイヤに関する性質を決定するために構築され配置された検出器をさらに含む物品。 - 該検出器がナノワイヤに関する電気的な性質を決定するため構築され配置されている、請求項6の物品。
- コア領域と該コア領域を取り囲む外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は、該ナノワイヤの構築後に該ナノワイヤに付加される化学物質又は生物学的物質により官能基化されており、
該化学物質又は生物学的物質がリンカーによってナノワイヤに付着されている物品。 - コア領域と外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は該コア領域上の被覆を形成する官能性部位を含み、該官能性部位の少なくとも一部はそれに付着した化学物質又は生物学的物質を有し、
ナノワイヤのコア領域の直径が0.5nmから200nmの範囲にある物品。 - コア領域と外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は該コア領域上の被覆を形成する官能性部位を含み、該官能性部位の少なくとも一部はそれに付着した化学物質又は生物学的物質を有し、
該官能性部位に−OH、−CHO、−COOH、−SO3H、−CN、−NH2、−SH、−COSH、−COOR、又はハライドの1以上が含まれる物品。 - コア領域と外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は該コア領域上の被覆を形成する官能性部位を含み、該官能性部位の少なくとも一部はそれに付着した化学物質又は生物学的物質を有し、
該官能性部位に核酸、抗体、抗原、糖、炭水化物、アミノ酸、タンパク質、又は酵素の1以上が含まれる物品。 - コア領域と外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は該コア領域上の被覆を形成する官能性部位を含み、該官能性部位の少なくとも一部はそれに付着した化学物質又は生物学的物質を有し、
該化学物質又は生物学的物質の少なくとも1つが核酸、抗体、抗原、糖、炭水化物、アミノ酸、タンパク質、又は酵素である物品。 - コア領域と外側領域とを含む中実の半導体ナノワイヤを含み、
該外側領域は該コア領域上の被覆を形成する官能性部位を含み、該官能性部位の少なくとも一部はそれに付着した化学物質又は生物学的物質を有し、
該ナノワイヤに関する性質を決定するために構築され配置された検出器をさらに含む物品。 - 該検出器がナノワイヤに関する電気的な性質を決定するため構築され配置されている、請求項13の物品。
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