JP4959138B2 - 燃料電池 - Google Patents
燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4959138B2 JP4959138B2 JP2005002242A JP2005002242A JP4959138B2 JP 4959138 B2 JP4959138 B2 JP 4959138B2 JP 2005002242 A JP2005002242 A JP 2005002242A JP 2005002242 A JP2005002242 A JP 2005002242A JP 4959138 B2 JP4959138 B2 JP 4959138B2
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- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- layer
- fuel
- mesh
- conductive mesh
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 369
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000792 Monel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 43
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 43
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 37
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 35
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052963 cobaltite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UNPDDPPIJHUKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr].[Sm] Chemical compound [Sr].[Sm] UNPDDPPIJHUKSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sm+3].[Sm+3] FKTOIHSPIPYAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001233 yttria-stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002811 Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000968352 Scandia <hydrozoan> Species 0.000 description 1
- FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O Chemical compound [Sr+2].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])=O FVROQKXVYSIMQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PACGUUNWTMTWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sr].[La] Chemical compound [Sr].[La] PACGUUNWTMTWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] TYIXMATWDRGMPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 LNTHITQWFMADLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002075 lanthanum strontium manganite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical class [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);scandium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sc+3].[Sc+3] HJGMWXTVGKLUAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
- H01M4/8626—Porous electrodes characterised by the form
- H01M4/8631—Bipolar electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
- H01M8/0243—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0643—Gasification of solid fuel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0213—Gas-impermeable carbon-containing materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Description
導電性メッシュ及び該メッシュに担持されたカソード形成材料からなるカソード層と、
前記アノード層と前記カソード層の間に配置され、かつそれらの層によって支持された薄膜状の固体電解質層とから形成された燃料電池セルを含む固体電解質型燃料電池にある。
(1)導電性メッシュ及び該メッシュに担持されたアノード形成材料からなるアノード層(燃料極)、
(2)導電性メッシュ及び該メッシュに担持されたカソード形成材料からなるカソード層(空気極)、及び
(3)前記アノード層と前記カソード層の間に配置され、かつそれらの層によって支持された薄膜状の固体電解質層
を含むことを特徴とする。
同様に、導電性メッシュを編織で作製する場合、導電性メッシュの線径は、導電性メッシュの性能等、編織方法などに応じて広い範囲で変更することができる。導電性メッシュの線径は、通常、約0.02〜2.00mmであり、好ましくは約0.02〜0.04mmである。
a)YSZ(イットリア安定化ジルコニア)、ScSZ(スカンジア安定化ジルコニア)、これらのジルコニアにさらにCe、Al等をドープしたジルコニア系セラミックス。
b)SDC(サマリアドープドセリア)、GDC(ガドリアドープドセリア)等のセリア系セラミックス。
c)LSGM(ランタンガレート)、酸化ビスマス系セラミックス。
a)ニッケルと、イットリア安定化ジルコニア系、スカンジア安定化ジルコニア系又はセリア系(SDC、GDC、YDC等)セラミックとのサーメット。
b)導電性酸化物を主成分(50〜99重量%)とする焼結体(導電性酸化物とは、例えば、リチウムが固溶された酸化ニッケル等である)。
c)上記a)及びb)の材料に、白金族元素からなる金属又はその酸化物を1〜10重量%程度配合したもの。
図12に示した燃料電池10は、それぞれ固体電解質層を含む4個の燃料電池セルC1、…、C4が、混合燃料ガスの流れに対して平行に積層された構造になっている。例えば燃料電池セルC1を参照して説明すると、燃料電池セルC1は、本発明に従い、固体電解質層11と、固体電解質層11の片面に形成された金属メッシュ2M1付きのアノード層21と、固体電解質層11のアノード層21とは反対側の面に形成された金属メッシュ3M1付きのカソード層31とからなる。また、燃料電池セルC1、…、C4は、セラミック製のチャンバ30内に積層して収納される。さらに、チャンバ内であって、これらの燃料電池セルの両端部に形成された空間部には、充填物(セラミック粉粒体)33及び34が密封される。さらに、チャンバ30には、メタン等の燃料と酸素とを含む混合燃料ガスの供給配管31及び排ガスの排出配管32が設けられる。チャンバ30内の混合燃料ガスや排ガスが流動する空間部に充填物33及び34が適宜の間隔で充填されているので、燃料電池を駆動したとき、発火限界内の混合燃料ガスが存在しても発火することがなくなる。
縦:約15mm、横:約10mm及び厚さ:約100μmを有する矩形のステンレス鋼製金網(SUS304、400メッシュ)を用意し、その表面にカソード形成材料のペーストを縦:約10mm及び横:約10mmの矩形でスクリーン印刷した。ここで使用したペーストは、SSC(サマリウムストロンチウムコバルタイト:Sm0.5Sr0.5CоO3)−SDC(サマリアドープドセリア:Ce0.8Sm0.2O19)混合ペースト(組成比:50重量%−50重量%)であった。印刷後、十分に乾燥したところ、約180μmの厚さをもったカソードメッシュが得られた。
2 アノード層
3 カソード層
5 燃料電池セル
6 火炎
8 空気侵入孔
10 燃料電池
11 燃焼室
12 燃焼室の室壁
15 スリット(間隙)
16 ガスバーナー
17 火格子
18 空気供給口
24 導電性メッシュ(露出領域)
26 固体燃料
M 導電性メッシュ
C 区画セル部材
Claims (12)
- 燃料電池セルを含む固体電解質型燃料電池であって、
該燃料電池は、前記燃料電池セルを固体燃料、液体燃料又はガス燃料の燃焼によって発生せしめられた火炎の内部もしくは火炎の近傍に配置してその火炎にさらして発電を行う直接火炎型燃料電池であり、
前記燃料電池セルは、導電性メッシュ及び該メッシュに担持されたアノード形成材料からなるアノード層と、
導電性メッシュ及び該メッシュに担持されたカソード形成材料からなるカソード層と、
前記アノード層と前記カソード層の間に配置され、かつそれらの層によって支持された薄膜状の固体電解質層とから形成され、かつ前記導電性メッシュが、それによって担持されたアノード層又はカソード層の領域から層外に延在した露出領域をさらに有しており、
筒状体の形態をした燃焼室を備え、
前記燃料電池セルを複数個の区画セル部材の組み合わせから構成し、ある区画セル部材のアノード層の導電性メッシュと、該区画セル部材に隣接する別の区画セル部材のカソード層の導電性メッシュとを、前記区画セル部材間の間隙を通過して延長して配置された前記アノード層及び(又は)前記カソード層の導電性メッシュを介して接続することで、該燃料電池セルによって前記燃焼室の室壁を規定している、固体電解質型燃料電池。 - 前記導電性メッシュが、金属材料のメッシュ、炭素質材料のメッシュ又はその組み合わせであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記金属材料が、白金、鉄、銅、ニッケル、チタンもしくはその合金、ステンレス鋼、ニクロム、モネル、ハステロイ又はインコネルであることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記炭素質材料が、カーボン繊維又はグラファイト繊維であることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記導電性メッシュが、80〜500メッシュの目合いを有していることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記導電性メッシュが、0.02〜2.00mmの線径を有していることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記導電性メッシュの厚さが、それによって担持されたアノード層又はカソード層の厚さと比較して、それぞれの層の全厚の少なくとも30%を占めることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記導電性メッシュが、50〜300μmの厚さを有していることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記アノード層及びカソード層がそれぞれ矩形の平面を有しており、その四辺の少なくとも一辺から前記導電性メッシュが層外に延在していることを特徴とする請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記固体電解質層が、多孔質であり、かつその気孔率が10〜60%であることを特徴とする請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記固体電解質層の厚さが、前記アノード層又はカソード層の厚さと比較して、それぞれの層の全厚よりも小さいことを特徴とする請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
- 前記燃料電池が、それぞれが燃料電池として機能する2個もしくはそれ以上の燃料電池ユニットの組み合わせからなることを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池。
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JP2005002242A JP4959138B2 (ja) | 2005-01-07 | 2005-01-07 | 燃料電池 |
DE602006013524T DE602006013524D1 (de) | 2005-01-07 | 2006-01-04 | Brennstoffzelle |
EP06250012A EP1679759B1 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2006-01-04 | Fuel Cell |
CA002532529A CA2532529A1 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2006-01-06 | Fuel cell |
US11/326,898 US7771886B2 (en) | 2005-01-07 | 2006-01-06 | Fuel cell |
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JP5198000B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-14 | 2013-05-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 電解質・電極接合体及びその製造方法 |
JP2008140549A (ja) | 2006-11-29 | 2008-06-19 | Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd | 燃料電池セルスタック用集電体及びそれを用いた直接火炎型燃料電池モジュール |
JP2008152969A (ja) | 2006-12-14 | 2008-07-03 | Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd | 直接火炎型燃料電池セル構造 |
JP2008159524A (ja) * | 2006-12-26 | 2008-07-10 | Shinko Electric Ind Co Ltd | 固体酸化物型燃料電池発電装置 |
JP5211531B2 (ja) * | 2007-03-30 | 2013-06-12 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 固体酸化物形燃料電池 |
KR100889263B1 (ko) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-03-19 | 한국과학기술원 | 연료극 지지형 고체산화물 연료전지용 셀 |
US20100248084A1 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-09-30 | Ming-San Lee | Flexible current collecting fiber bunch and fuel cell structure using the same |
TWI391956B (zh) * | 2009-03-30 | 2013-04-01 | Univ Nat Sun Yat Sen | 可撓式集電纖維束 |
US20110111309A1 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2011-05-12 | Point Source Power, Inc. | Fuel cell system |
JP5687501B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-12 | 2015-03-18 | 菊水化学工業株式会社 | 直接火炎型燃料電池用単セル |
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WO2019018489A1 (en) | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | Battelle Energy Alliance, Llc | THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE ANODE, DIRECT CARBON CONVERSION FUEL CELL COMPRISING THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE ANODE, AND ASSOCIATED METHODS |
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