JP4895471B2 - 接着剤用樹脂組成物、接着剤及びこの応用 - Google Patents
接着剤用樹脂組成物、接着剤及びこの応用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4895471B2 JP4895471B2 JP2003401500A JP2003401500A JP4895471B2 JP 4895471 B2 JP4895471 B2 JP 4895471B2 JP 2003401500 A JP2003401500 A JP 2003401500A JP 2003401500 A JP2003401500 A JP 2003401500A JP 4895471 B2 JP4895471 B2 JP 4895471B2
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007870 radical polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RSVDRWTUCMTKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sbb057044 Chemical compound C12CC=CC2C2CC(OCCOC(=O)C=C)C1C2 RSVDRWTUCMTKBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium;oxido carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]OC([O-])=O MWNQXXOSWHCCOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylphosphanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC RKHXQBLJXBGEKF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O HQHCYKULIHKCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioxanthen-9-one Chemical class C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 YRHRIQCWCFGUEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)CCCC PIILXFBHQILWPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloro(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)C=C GQIUQDDJKHLHTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002383 tung oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940057402 undecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005287 vanadyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005050 vinyl trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Description
接着剤用途では、ラジカル重合性樹脂を用いることにより、作業工程の簡略や作業時間を短くすることが可能であり、特に繊維強化プラスチック(FRP)成形品の大型成形品材料として、浴室部材、車両部材、合併浄化槽等の室内外用途やシステムキャビネット等で幅広く使用されている。
そして、かかるラジカル重合性樹脂を重合し硬化させるラジカル硬化剤により、重合性不飽和二重結合を有する重合性不飽和樹脂と重合性不飽和単量体とを反応させ硬化物が得られるが、硬化の際にホルムアルデヒドが発生させることが知られている(例えば非特許文献1参照)。
この規制に対して、ホルムアルデヒドの放散量がある値より減少するまで硬化後の放置時間を長くする方法、高温で後硬化を行いホルムアルデヒドを強制的に揮散させ、硬化物中に残存するホルムアルデヒドを放出させる方法、ホルムアルデヒド補足材を後添加しホルムアルデヒドの放散を抑える方法が有用と考えられるが、実質有効な方法は見いだされていないのが実状であった。
本発明に使用する1分子中にエチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する樹脂(A)[以下ラジカル硬化性樹脂(A)という]としては、例えば、不飽和ポリエステル、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレート、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエステル(メタ)アクリレート、分子鎖末端に重合性不飽和結合基を含有するマクロモノマー等が挙げられる。これらの樹脂の数平均分子量は300より大きいものであり、樹脂の粘度や樹脂硬化物の物性の点で500〜5000のものが好ましい。これらの樹脂は単独で使用しても良いし、必要に応じ2種以上併用しても良い。
エポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、ビスフェノールAタイプのエポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールFタイプのエポキシ樹脂、ノボラック・タイプのエポキシ樹脂、1,6−ナフタレン型エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。かかるエポキシ樹脂の平均エポキシ当量は、100〜450なる範囲内にあるのが好ましい。
また、エポキシ伸長等の調整のために、水酸基を2個以上有する化合物を使用しても良く、具体的な化合物として、ビスフェノールA、水素化ビスフェノールA、シクロヘキサンジメタノール、ノルボルナンジアルコール、テトラブロモビスフェノールA、トリシクロデカンジメタノール、1,6−ナフタレンジオール等が挙げられる。
前記エポキシ樹脂と不飽和一塩基酸との反応は、好ましくは、60〜140℃、特に好ましくは、80〜120℃なる範囲内の温度において、エステル化触媒を用いて行われる。
具体的にはポリエーテルポリオールとポリイソシアネートとを反応させて得られるイソシアネート基含有ウレタンプレポリマーに水酸基含有(メタ)アクリル化合物を反応せしめて得られるものが好ましい。
ポリエステルポリオールとは、飽和二塩基酸類と多価アルコール類の縮合重合体又はポリカプロラクトンの様に環状エステル化合物の開環重合体を意味する。ここで使用する二塩基酸類としては、前記した二塩基酸を挙げることができ、
また多価アルコール類としては、前記した多価アルコールを挙げることができる。
本発明における数平均分子量とは、ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(以下GPCという)によるポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量をいう。
一般式(3)中、R7は、水素原子、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、水酸基で置換されたアルキル基、アミノ基で置換されたアルキル基、アルコキシ基で置換されたアルキル基、アミノ基、フェニル基、カルボキシル基、ウレタン結合を有する1価の官能基及び−NHNH−R8を表すものである。この場合、R8は水素原子、アルキル基である。またYは、−NH−、−CO−NH−又は−COO−のいずれかを含む1価の官能基を表すものである。またR7とYとが結合し、環を形成していてもよい。
R7がアルキル基であり、かつYが−CO−NH−を含む1価の官能基である一般式(3)で表される化合物(C)としては、例えば尿素、モノメチル尿素、モノメチロール尿素、ジメチロール尿素、ジメチル尿素、ジフェニル尿素、メチレン尿素、エチレン尿素、プロピレン尿素、アルコシキメチル尿素等が挙げられる。これらのうち、アルコール類、各種有機溶剤、樹脂、単量体に溶解するものが効果発現の点で好ましく、エチレン尿素が特に好ましい。
さらにR7がウレタン結合を有する1価の官能基であり、かつYが−COO−を含む1価の官能基である一般式(3)で表される化合物(C)としては、ウレタン(メタ)アクリレート等のビニルウレタン化合物等が挙げられる。
かかる硬化剤としては、熱硬化剤やレドックス系硬化剤やエネルギー線硬化剤が挙げられる。熱硬化剤やレドックス系硬化剤としては、有機過酸化物が挙げられ、具体的にはジアシルパーオキサイド系、パーオキシエステル系、ハイドロパーオキサイド系、ジアルキルパーオキサイド系、ケトンパーオキサイド系、パーオキシケタール系、アルキルパーエステル系、パーカーボネート系等公知のものが使用される。かかる硬化剤の添加量は、本発明の目的を達成することのできる範囲であれば特に限定されるものではないが、好ましくは重合性樹脂と重合性単量体の合計量100重量部に対して、0.01〜5重量部であり、かかる範囲で使用することで可使時間、接着力、樹脂硬化物物性などの優れた樹脂組成物を得ることができる。前記硬化剤は単独又は2種以上組み合わせて使用することができる。
チキソ付与材として、該樹脂に揺変性を与えるものであれば良く、特に制限されるものではない。チキソ付与材の使用量は、樹脂組成物100重量部に対し、0.1〜10重量部であり、チキソ付与材の量が10重量部を越えると増粘により接着剤塗布性が劣り、0.1重量部未満であると、たれの発生などが発生する可能性がある。
カップリング剤は、マトリックス樹脂と無機質材料との密着性を改善するものであり、通常マトリックス樹脂が不飽和ポリエステル樹脂の場合に用いられる。
かかるカップリング剤としては、例えば有機ケイ素系化合物、有機クロム系化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の接着剤を用いて各種の基材を接着することができる。前記基材としては、例えばFRP成形品、金属、木材、コンクリート、アスファルト等が挙げられる。
接着方法としては、例えばFRP成形品等の基材に、本発明の接着剤を塗布し、該成形品と基材とを接合する方法が挙げられる。
接着層の厚みは、通常0.1mm以上であるが、0.5〜10mmが好ましい。特にFRP成形品を基材へ接着する際、厚い接着剤層が必要とされるときに、本発明の接着剤が有用である。塗布方法は、ヘラ、コテ、ローラーや機械など公知の方法が挙げられ、制限される物ではない。
成形方法としては、公知の成形方法を用いることができる。例えば、ハンドレイアップ成形法、スプレーアップ成形法、プレス成形法、注型成形法、フィラメントワインディング成形法、RTM成形法、真空によるレジンインフュージョン成形法等の成形法を挙げることができる。
<化粧板用化粧紙貼り接着剤の例>
木質系或いは無機質基材に化粧板用の化粧紙を貼着する接着剤として使用するものである。
各種基材表面に、後記の接着剤をロールコーター又はナイフコーターなどの塗工機を用いて、50〜500g/m2塗布した後、塗布面に化粧紙をのせ、ロールを用いて加圧貼り付けを行い、さらにホットプレスを行い、基材と化粧紙の接着を行った。かかるホットプレスに関しては、好ましくは温度100〜150℃、成形時間20秒〜2分、成形圧力1〜15MPaの条件下で行った。
(合成例1)
(不飽和ポリエステルの調製)
窒素ガス導入管、還流コンデンサ、攪拌機を備えた2Lのガラス製フラスコに、ジエチレングリコール509g(4.80モル)、トリメチロールプロパンジアリルエーテル103g(0.48モル)、フマル酸557g(4.80モル)を仕込み窒素気流下、加熱を開始する。内温190℃にて、常法にて脱水縮合反応を行い、酸価が29(KOHmg/g)になったところで、トルハイドロキノン0.33gを添加した。さらに150℃まで冷却し、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂(UP−1)を得た。
前記で得られた不飽和ポリエステル(UP−1)24部を、2−エチルへキシルメタクリレート16部に溶解させた後、炭酸カルシウム60部、6%ナフテン酸コバルト(Co-NAPHTHENATE 6%、大日本インキ化学工業製)0.5部、カヤエステル0−50(tert−ブチル−パーオキシ−2−エチルヘキサノエート、化薬アクゾ社製)1部を加え良く混合して、接着剤(CP−1)を得た。
合成例1で得られた接着剤(CP−1)、化合物(C)を表−1のように配合し、接着剤を作製した。
この接着剤について、接着性及びホルムアルデヒド放散量を測定した。測定方法及び評価基準は以下のとおりである。この結果は表−1に示す。
中密度繊維板(MDF)基材に前記接着剤をロールーコーターにて150g/m2の厚さになるように塗布した後、80g/m2の印刷化粧紙をロールを用いて加圧貼り付けを行い、ホットプレス機を用いて130℃/4MPa/40秒の条件下でプレス成形した。
この化粧板を試験片として、JIS−K−5400(碁盤目テープ法)に基づいて評価した。
評価結果は下記の5段階で表した。
評価点数10;切り傷一本毎が細かくて両面が滑らかであり、切り傷の交点にも正方形の一目一目にも剥がれがない。
評価点数8;切り傷の交点に僅かな剥がれがあるが、正方形の一目一目には剥がれがなく、欠損部の面積は全正方形面積の5%以内。
評価点数6;切り傷の両面と交点に剥がれがあって、欠損部の面積は全正方形面積の1〜15%。
評価点数4;切り傷による剥がれの幅が広く、欠損部の面積は全正方形面積の15〜35%。
評価点数2;切り傷による剥がれの幅は評価点数4の場合よりも広く、欠損部の面積は全正方形面積の35〜65%。
評価点数0;欠損部の面積が全正方形面積の65%以上。
温度23℃、湿度50%の環境試験室内(4m×4m×2m)で、150mm×150mmのアルミニウム板2枚のそれぞれに、接着剤を刷毛で150g/m2の厚さになるように塗布し硬化させたものを、試験片とした。この試験片は、温度23℃、湿度50%の環境試験室内(4m×4m×2m)で7日間の養生を行った。
この試験片を用いて、JIS K 5601−4−1デシケーター法により測定した。
SMC等のFRP成形材料を接着させる場合に使用するものである。
接着方法としては、硬化触媒を添加し良く撹拌混合した接着剤をFRP基材に、接着剤塗布機又はコテや刷毛等の塗工器具を使用して塗布した。その後FRP基材同士を張り合わせ、そのまま放置し接着剤を硬化させ、FRP基材同士の張り合わせた。
[合成例2] エポキシメタクリレートの合成
温度計、攪拌機、ガス導入口、及び還流冷却器を備えた5リットルの四つ口フラスコに、エピクロン900−IM[エポキシ樹脂:エピクロルヒドリンとビスフェノールAの反応物:エポキシ当量約380、大日本インキ化学工業(株)製]3420部、メタクリル酸774部、2,6−ジ−tert−ブチル−4−メチルフェノール1.55部、トリエチルアミン13.3部を仕込み、窒素/空気(流量比1/1)混合気流下90℃まで昇温し、2時間反応させた。次いで、反応温度を105℃まで昇温させ、30時間反応を続け、酸価8.87、エポキシ当量23900で2個のメタクリル基を含有するエポキシメタクリレートを得た。
温度計、攪拌機、不活性ガス導入口、及び還流冷却器を備えた2リットルの四つ口フラスコに、ポリプロピレングリコール(数平均分子量700)1050部、トリレンジイソシアネート530部を仕込み、窒素雰囲気中80℃まで昇温し、2.5時間反応させ、NCO当量530になったところで、50℃まで冷却した後、窒素/空気(流量比1/1)混合気流下でトルハイドロキノン0.305部、2−ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート410部を加え、90℃まで再度昇温させた。5時間反応させ、残存NCO量0.0644%で2個のメタクリル基を含有するウレタンメタクリレートを得た。
温度計、攪拌機、不活性ガス導入口、及び還流冷却器を備えた2リットルの四つ口フラスコに、ジエチレングリコール557部、ジプロピレングリコール188部、トリメチロールプロパンジアリルエーテル300部、フマル酸812部を公知の条件で加熱脱水縮合させて酸価20の不飽和ポリエステルを得た。
合成例2から4で得られた樹脂と単量体を、表−2のとおり配合して溶解させた後、炭酸カルシウム50部、8%2−エチルヘキサン酸コバルト0.2部を加え良く混合し、更にカヤメックM(55%メチルエチルケトンパーオキサイド 化薬アクゾ(株)製)1部を加え良く混合して接着剤(CP−2)を得た。
前記で得られた接着剤(CP−2)、化合物(C)を表−2のように配合し、接着剤を作製した。
この接着剤について、接着性及びホルムアルデヒド放散量を測定した。接着の測定方法は以下のとおりで、ホルムアルデヒド放散量の測定方法は実施例1と同様にした。この結果は表−2に示す。
<引張せん断接着強さ試験測定法>
ポリライトLP−821(不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、大日本インキ化学工業(株)製)を用い、公知の方法で成形し、厚み3mm、ガラスの含有率が約28%の成形板を2枚作製した。この成形板を、#80のサンドペーパーでサンディングし、エアーブローとアセトンによる脱脂の処理を行い、1枚に前記接着剤をヘラで塗布し、さらにもう一枚の成形板を張り合わせた。この際成形板間の接着層の厚みは、1mmとなるようにスペーサーで調整した。得られた成形品を25℃で、1週間放置したものを試験片として、JIS K 5601−4−1デシケーター法により、引張せん断接着強さを測定した。
Claims (4)
- 不飽和ポリエステル樹脂(A)(アセトアセチル基を有するものを除く)と、エチレン性不飽和二重結合を有する単量体(B)と、エチレン尿素(C)とを含有してなる接着剤用樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1記載の接着剤用樹脂組成物と充填剤とを含有してなる接着剤。
- 基材に請求項2に記載の接着剤を介して繊維強化プラスチック成形基材を接着してなる繊維強化プラスチック成形品。
- 基材に請求項2に記載の接着剤を介して化粧紙を貼りつけてなる化粧板。
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