JP4862037B2 - Av伝導型心室頻脈性不整脈を治療するためのシステム - Google Patents
Av伝導型心室頻脈性不整脈を治療するためのシステム Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1A〜1Cは心臓を例示しており、本主題事項の実施形態に従ってAV伝導を選択的に遮断してAVCVTを終結させるためのIVC−LA脂肪パッドの電気刺激に関連する生理を例示するのに有用である。例示された心臓100は右心房102、右心室104、左心房106および左心室108を含む。例示された心臓100はまた、洞房(SA)結節110と房室性(AV)結節112も含む。図1Aは心拍数を制御する心臓伝導系を例示する。この系は電気的インパルスを発生し、収縮して血液を送り出すように心臓を刺激するために心臓の筋肉全体にわたってこれらを伝導させる。心臓の伝導系は洞房結節110とAV結節112を含む。自律神経系は心臓周期の開始を引き起こすための洞房結節の起動を制御する。洞房結節は電気的インパルスを発生する右心房内の細胞群を含む。洞房結節によって発生した電気信号は心房と心室の間の心臓の中央部に位置する細胞群であるAV結節112に到達するまで心臓を通って細胞から下流の細胞へと移動する。AV結節は、心房からの電気信号がAV結節を通過して必ず心室に到達するように心房と心室の間の電気的中継ステーションとして機能する。AV結節は、心室が刺激される前に心房が完全に収縮することが可能となるように、信号が下方に通過して心室に至ることを許容される前の電流を遅延させる。AV結節を通過後、電流は心臓の下側部分の壁に埋め込まれる特殊な繊維114に沿って心室へと進む。
以前に発表されたデータは、IVC−LA脂肪パッドの10V、30Hz、0.05msの2極電気刺激が結果として洞周期長さと心房収縮性の最小限の影響を伴なったAV伝導時間の選択的な延長につながることを示している。本主題事項はIVC−LA脂肪パッドを選択的に刺激することによって、AV結節を通る伝導を自在にオフおよびオンに効果的に切り換える。本主題事項は、AV結節を通る伝導を選択的に遮断し、かつSVTに付随する速い心室レートを防止するためにAV結節に付随する脂肪パッド内の自律神経節を刺激することを含む、AV伝導型心室頻脈性不整脈(AVCVT)の治療法を提供する。本主題事項の実施形態はPATなどのSVTによって誘発されるAVCVTを感知する。これに応答して、AV伝導を選択的に遮断するために電気刺激がIVC−LA脂肪パッドに選択的に供給される。本主題事項の実施形態は心房性頻拍事象(例えば約160〜200bpmの心房レート)を感知し、AVCVTを終結させるようにAV伝導時間を選択的に遮断するためにIVC−LA脂肪パッドを選択的に刺激する。IVC−LA脂肪パッドへの電気刺激の供給は、トリガとなるSVTが停止して正常な洞律動(NSR)が感知されるまでAV伝導遮断を続けるように制御される。トリガとなるSVTは独りでにNSRへと戻ることが可能である。トリガとなるAVNRTはAV−左心房脂肪パッド内の自律神経節の神経刺激によって供給されるAV伝導遮断で終結させられることが可能である。適切な心室律動を維持するために心室レート支援がAV伝導遮断中に供給される。
図2A、2BはSVTによって誘発されるAVCVTを検出するため、SVTの間にAV伝導を選択的かつ一時的に遮断することでAVCVTを終結および/または阻止するためにIVC−LA脂肪パッドに神経刺激を印加するためや、神経刺激が加えられ、かつAV伝導が阻止されるときに除脈時支援ペーシングを提供するために使用される埋込可能な医学機器とリード線の位置の様々な実施形態を例示している。
図3は多部位刺激と感知のために構成された埋込可能な医学機器実施形態のシステム図を例示している。「A」から「C」で指定された3つの実例の感知およびペーシング・チャンネルはリング電極250A〜Cと先端電極251A〜Cを備えた2極リード線、感知用増幅器252A〜C、パルス発生器253A〜C、チャンネル・インターフェース254A〜Cを含む。したがって各々のチャンネルは電極に接続されたパルス発生器で作られるペーシング・チャンネルと、電極に接続された感知用増幅器で作られる感知チャンネルを含む。チャンネル・インターフェース254A〜Cはマイクロプロセッサ255と双方向で通信し、各々のインターフェースは感知用増幅器からの感知信号入力をデジタル化するためのアナログ/デジタル変換器を含み、さらにペーシング・パルスを出力するため、ペーシング・パルスの振幅を変えるため、感知用増幅器に関して利得と閾値を調節するためにマイクロプロセッサによって書き込み処理されるレジスタを含む。ペースメーカーの感知回路は、特定のチャンネルによって発生した電気記録図信号(すなわち電極によって感知され、心臓の電気活性を表わす電圧)が特定された検出閾値を超えると心房感知または心室感知のどちらかで部屋感知を検出する。特定のペーシング・モードに使用されるペーシング・アルゴリズムがそのような感知を使用することでペーシングを引き起こすかまたは阻止し、心房と心室の感知それぞれの間の時間間隔を測定することによって固有の心房レートおよび/または心室レートが検出されることが可能である。
Claims (27)
- AV伝導型心室頻脈性不整脈(AVCVT)事象の判定に使用するために心房活性および心室活性を感知するための感知回路と、
下大静脈と左心房の間に位置するIVC−LA脂肪パッドに神経刺激信号を選択的に加えるための神経刺激回路と、
少なくとも1つのプログラム可能な最低心拍数を維持するように除脈時支援ペーシングを供給するためのペーシング回路と、
前記感知回路と、前記神経刺激回路と、前記ペーシング回路とに接続された制御器と
を含み、前記制御器が前記感知回路によって感知された前記心房活性と前記心室活性との比較を使用して前記AVCVT事象を検出し、前記心房活性が前記心室活性を追尾していることを決定するように、前記検出されたAVCVT事象に応答して前記AVCVT事象中に前記IVC−LA脂肪パッドに前記神経刺激信号を加えることでAV伝導を遮断して前記AVCVT事象を終結させるように、および前記神経刺激信号が前記IVC−LA脂肪パッドに加えられるときに除脈時支援ペーシングを供給するように構成される埋込可能な医学機器。 - 前記神経刺激信号が約10ボルトの大きさ、約30Hzの周波数、約0.05msの持続時間を備えた信号を含む請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記制御器が、前記IVC−LA脂肪パッドへの最初の前記神経刺激信号の印加で前記AVCVT事象が終結させられない場合に前記神経刺激信号を調節するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記制御器が前記神経刺激信号の振幅を調節するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記制御器が前記神経刺激信号の周波数を調節するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記制御器が前記神経刺激信号のバースト周波数を調節するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記制御器が前記神経刺激信号の波形を調節するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記感知回路が、右心房から感知された固有の信号を使用して前記AVCVT事象の判定に使用するための心房レートを感知するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記感知回路が、前記心房レートとの比較に使用するためおよび前記AVCVT事象の判定に使用するために、右心室から感知された固有の信号を使用して心室レートを感知するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記ペーシング回路が、固有の心室レートを感知するように、および少なくとも前記プログラム可能な最低心拍数を維持するための心室ペーシングを供給するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記ペーシング回路が、固有の右心室収縮を感知するように、および少なくとも前記プログラム可能な最低心拍数を維持するための前記右心室への除脈時支援ペーシングを供給するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 前記制御器が、心室の不応期を認識するように、および前記神経刺激による心室組織の捕捉を避けるために前記心室不応期に基づいて前記神経刺激の供給を制御するように構成される請求項1に記載の機器。
- 右心房から固有の信号を感知するように配置される少なくとも1つの電極を備えた第1のリード線に接続するための第1のポートと、
右心室から固有の信号を感知して電気刺激を前記右心室に供給するように配置される少なくとも1つの電極を備えた第2のリード線に接続するための第2のポートと、
左心室から固有の信号を感知して電気刺激を前記左心室に供給するように配置された少なくとも1つの電極および下大静脈と左心房の間に位置するIVC−LA脂肪パッドを刺激するように配置された少なくとも1つの電極を備え、冠状静脈洞を通して血管内挿入される少なくとも1つの第3のリード線に接続するための少なくとも1つの第3のポートと
を含むヘッダと、
AV伝導型心室頻脈性不整脈(AVCVT)事象の判定に使用するために前記右心房からの固有の信号に基づいて心房レートを感知するように前記ヘッダの前記第1のポートに接続された右心房検出器と、
前記AVCVT事象の判定に使用するために前記右心室からの固有の信号に基づいて心室レートを感知するように前記ヘッダの前記第2のポートに接続された右心室検出器と、
前記心房レートを前記心室レートと比較し、そして前記心房レートと前記心室レートとの比較を使用して、前記AVCVT事象を検出するように構成された、AVCVT検出器と、
AV伝導を遅くするため、および前記AVCVT事象を終結させるために前記AVCVT事象の間にわたって前記IVC−LA脂肪パッドに神経刺激信号を選択的に加えるように前記ヘッダの前記少なくとも1つの第3のポートに接続された神経刺激装置と、
前記神経刺激信号が前記IVC−LA脂肪パッドに加えられるときに少なくともプログラム可能な最低心拍数を維持するため、および心臓再同期治療の一部として両心室ペーシングを供給するために除脈時支援ペーシングを供給するように前記第2のポートおよび前記少なくとも1つの第3のポートに接続された心臓ペーシング刺激装置と
を含む埋込可能な医学機器。 - 少なくとも1つの第3のリード線に接続するための前記少なくとも1つの第3のポートが、前記冠状静脈洞を通して血管経由で挿入される1つのリード線に接続するための1つのポートを含み、前記1つのリード線が、左心室から固有の信号を感知するためと、電気刺激を前記左心室に供給するために配置された少なくとも1つの電極を有し、さらに、IVC−LA脂肪パッドを刺激するために配置された少なくとも1つの電極を有する請求項13に記載の埋込可能な医学機器。
- 少なくとも1つの第3のリード線に接続するための前記少なくとも1つの第3のポートが、前記冠状静脈洞を通して血管経由で挿入される2つのリード線に接続するための2つのポートを含み、前記2つのリード線のうちの一方が左心室から固有の信号を感知するためと電気刺激を前記左心室に供給するために配置された少なくとも1つの電極を有し、前記2つのリード線のうちの他方が前記IVC−LA脂肪パッドを刺激するために配置された少なくとも1つの電極を有する請求項13に記載の埋込可能な医学機器。
- 前記神経刺激信号が約10ボルトの大きさ、約30Hzの周波数、約0.05msの持続時間を備えた信号を含む請求項13に記載の埋込可能な医学機器。
- 前記神経刺激装置が前記神経刺激信号の振幅を調節するように構成される請求項13に記載の埋込可能な医学機器。
- 前記神経刺激装置が前記神経刺激信号の周波数を調節するように構成される請求項13に記載の埋込可能な医学機器。
- 前記神経刺激装置が前記神経刺激信号のバースト周波数を調節するように構成される請求項13に記載の埋込可能な医学機器。
- 前記神経刺激装置が前記神経刺激信号の波形を調節するように構成される請求項13に記載の埋込可能な医学機器。
- 前記神経刺激装置が前記神経刺激信号の振幅、周波数、バースト周波数、波形の2つ以上の組合わせを調節するように構成される請求項13に記載の埋込可能な医学機器。
- 心房レートと心室レートとを比較してAV伝導型心室頻脈性不整脈(AVCVT)を検出するための手段を含む、心房性頻脈を感知するための手段と、
検出されたAVCVTに応答してAV伝導を遮断するため、および前記AVCVTを終結させるために下大静脈と左心房の間に位置するIVC−LA脂肪パッドを刺激するための手段と、
前記IVC−LA脂肪パッドが刺激されるときに除脈時支援ペーシングを供給するための手段と
を含む埋込可能な機器。 - 心房性頻拍を感知するための前記手段が、心拍数を感知するため、および前記心拍数が閾値をいつ超えるかを認識するための手段を含む請求項22に記載の機器。
- IVC−LA脂肪パッドを刺激するための前記手段が、冠状静脈洞の中に供給されるように構成された血管内リード線を含む請求項22に記載の機器。
- 前記血管内リード線が、前記冠状静脈洞から前記IVC−LA脂肪パッドを血管経由で刺激するための血管内2極電極を含む請求項24に記載の機器。
- 前記血管内リード線が、前記冠状静脈洞を貫通し、前記IVC−LA脂肪パッド内に固定される2極電極を含む請求項24に記載の機器。
- IVC−LA脂肪パッドを刺激するための前記手段が、前記IVC−LA脂肪パッド内に固定されるように構成された2極電極を備えた心外膜リード線を含む請求項24に記載の機器。
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Also Published As
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US20090234408A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
US8190257B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
US20120232604A1 (en) | 2012-09-13 |
WO2006107578A3 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
JP2008534217A (ja) | 2008-08-28 |
WO2006107578A2 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
US7555341B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
US20060224202A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
EP1893285A2 (en) | 2008-03-05 |
US8909337B2 (en) | 2014-12-09 |
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