JP4781329B2 - Tool holder - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shrink-fit tool holder that is detachably mounted on a machine tool such as a machining center.

  A tool holder A for mounting a cutting tool on a machining center is formed by integrally forming a shank portion 1 and a chuck portion 2 that can be attached to and detached from a spindle of a machining center through a manipulator gripping portion 3 as shown in FIG. The chuck portion 2 has an inverted truncated cone shape from its tip toward the manipulator gripping portion 3 and is continuous with the manipulator gripping portion 3. In the figure, reference numeral 4 denotes a pull bolt, which is formed integrally with the shank portion 1 or is integrally formed with the shank portion 1 by fitting and fixing a separate object.

In this tool holder A, in recent years, the cutting tool 5 has been grasped accurately and firmly by increasing the rotation speed of the spindle, and the rigidity and the performance of the rotation balance and the like have been demanded and meet the demand. Attention has been focused on mounting the cutting tool 5 to the chuck portion 2 by a shrink-fit method (see Patent Document 1, paragraph 0002, FIGS. 1 to 3, Patent Document 2, paragraph 0004, FIGS. 1 to 3).
JP 2000-126961 A JP 2002-120115 A

This shrink-fit tool holder A can reduce the diameter of the chuck portion 2 from the point that the tightening tool is not necessary, as compared with the collet chuck type with the tightening tool.
The fact that the diameter of the chuck portion 2 can be reduced is that the amount of projection (length) of the cutting tool 5 from the tip of the chuck portion 2 can be shortened as much as possible, and it can withstand the cutting load applied when the cutting tool 5 is cut. The rigidity that is the strength to be obtained can be increased.
Furthermore, the fact that the diameter of the chuck portion 2 can be reduced means that the chuck portion 2 can be shaped so as to avoid interference with the work piece as much as possible, and deep engraving is facilitated. Further, since the cutting tool 5 has high rigidity, the cutting allowance can be increased, the machining accuracy is high, the machining finish surface is clean (finishing accuracy is improved), and the life of the cutting tool 5 is improved. Yes (see Patent Document 2, paragraph 0005).

  Furthermore, in NC control in machining centers, from the viewpoint of machining efficiency, from the conventional three-axis control (up / down (Z axis), left / right (X axis) and front / rear (Y axis) axial movement control), In addition, five-axis control (for example, control of the A axis around the X axis and the B axis around the Y axis in addition to the XYZ axis control) capable of changing two of the postures in the respective axial directions is becoming widespread.

Since this 5-axis control can change the posture of the cutting tool 5, the cutting is performed with an inclination with respect to the surface to be processed using the R-blade cutting tool 5 having a spherical surface at the tip 5 a (see FIG. 6). Technology is widespread.
That is, as shown in FIG. 7, when cutting the workpiece W on the arc-shaped workpiece surface, when the cutting tool 5 is erected on the workpiece surface as shown in FIG. Since this is performed only at the tip of the portion 5a, the tip is severely worn and damaged, and the life of the cutting tool 5 is shortened. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 5B, if the cutting tool 5 is tilted, the cutting portion by the blade portion 5a becomes wider, wear and damage are reduced, and the cutting surface is widened to improve cutting efficiency. Because it does.

In today's mold machining, a dramatic improvement in machining efficiency is recognized by the shrink-fit tool holder A and 5-axis control.
However, for example, blades, impellers, artificial joints, etc. used in the aerospace field, prime mover field, medical field, etc. are heat resistant alloys represented by Inconel (International Nickel Company: trade name), titanium, etc. These workpieces are referred to as difficult-to-cut material workpieces, and it is the actual situation that machining efficiency is not sufficiently improved by the shrink-fitting tool holder A or 5-axis control.

In such a difficult-to-cut material workpiece, when trying to improve the machining efficiency, for example, in order to increase the depth of cut, in order to eliminate the interference between the cutting tool 5, the tool holder A and the workpiece W The cutting tool 5 and the chuck part 2 are made thin and long, but if they are made thin and long, the rigidity is lowered, the machining accuracy is lowered, the finished surface is roughened, and the life of the cutting tool 5 is also shortened. descend.
In addition, when the cutting tool 5 is tilted with respect to the work surface, if the chuck portion 2 is made thinner, the degree of interference with the work piece W is reduced, but a problem of rigidity arises. The degree of interference with the workpiece W increases.

  This invention makes it a subject to raise the rigidity of a tool holder while reducing interference with a tool holder and a workpiece | work (workpiece) W. FIG.

  To achieve the above object, according to the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the chuck portion 2 of the conventional tool holder A has an inverted truncated cone shape from its tip toward the manipulator gripping portion 3. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 (c), the shaded portion does not interfere with the workpiece W and the interference with the workpiece is a problem in the embodiment of FIG. 7C. Paying attention to the vicinity of the cutting tool 5, that is, the tip of the chuck part 2, as shown in FIG. 1b, the inverted frustoconical shank part 1 and the inverted frustoconical chuck part detachable from the spindle of the machining center 2 is integrated with the manipulator gripping part 3 through the manipulator gripping part 3, and the outer periphery of the chuck part 2 enters a truncated cone shape (shaded part) extending from the tip to the outer peripheral edge of the manipulator gripping part 3, From the tip of the chuck Than it was possible in the shape of 凹孤 shaped surface of the required length toward the Yanku unit (see FIGS. 2 to 5).

  When cutting by tilting the tool holder (cutting tool), the part that interferes with the workpiece is a protruding part, and if that part is avoided, no interference occurs. That is, even after avoiding interference, it is not necessary to reduce the diameter of the tool holder (chuck part) and perform unnecessary retraction. Therefore, if the concave arc shape that avoids the protrusion is used, the diameter at the same distance from the tip of the chuck portion can be larger (thicker) than in the case of the conical trapezoidal shape, so the rigidity of the chuck portion is high. (Contrast between the truncated cone shape surrounded by the chain line in FIG. 1a and the concave arc shape obtained by adding a hatched portion to the truncated cone shape). If rigidity becomes high, processing accuracy will become high, finishing accuracy will also improve, and also the life of cutting tool 5 will also improve.

  The required length L is appropriately set by experiments or the like in consideration of the processed surface shape of the workpiece, the overall length of the chuck portion, and the like (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Further, the concave curvature may be appropriately set according to the curvature of the processed surface of the workpiece, and is expressed by, for example, the following formulas (1) to (4). The expression (1) is a fractional function, the expression (2) is a tractor, the expression (3) is a catenary, the expression (4) is a parabola, X is the axial direction of the chuck part, and Y is the radial direction. U and a in each formula are appropriately selected by various experiments in consideration of the required length L, the maximum and minimum diameters of the chuck portion, the material, and the like.

The configuration of the present invention is a shrink-fit tool holder for a machining center including a shank portion that can be attached to and detached from a machine tool, and a chuck portion that holds a cutting tool by a shrink-fit method, and the outer periphery of the chuck portion is The diameter is gradually reduced from the shank portion toward the tip (including the case where the same diameter portion is included in the middle), and from the tip of the chuck portion to the shank portion, the concave portion extends from the tip to the required length. A configuration having a shape surface can be employed.

In this configuration, in the case where the workpiece is a machined surface with a certain curvature, if the concave arc surface is a curvature along the workpiece surface, the workpiece has sufficient rigidity without interference. It can be a chuck portion (see FIG. 1a).
In addition, the concave surface may be divided into a plurality of continuous concave surfaces having different curvatures. If the concave arc surface is divided, it becomes easy to cope with the shape of the processed surface while increasing the rigidity. The number of divisions is arbitrary, such as two, three, etc.
When the chuck portion is divided, the respective divided bodies may be integrated (see FIGS. 3 and 5), or the divided bodies may be integrated by fitting (see FIG. 4). it can.

  As the above-mentioned cutting tool, a well-known tool may be adopted as appropriate. However, if the cutting tool is an R blade, cutting can be performed not only by the tip but also by the side of the cutting tool. The range of work that can be done is widened, and it becomes very significant in the cutting process by the 5-axis control. That is, the processing efficiency can be improved.

  As described above, according to the present invention, since the outer periphery of the chuck portion is formed in the shape of a concave arc surface having a required length from the tip toward the shank portion, interference is effectively suppressed, Because it can increase the rigidity, even in difficult-to-cut materials made of heat-resistant alloys such as Inconel and Titanium, machining accuracy is higher, finishing accuracy is improved, and cutting tool life is also improved. To do.

An embodiment is shown in FIG. 2, and this embodiment is an automatic tool changer in which an inverted frustoconical shank portion 1 and an inverted frustoconical chuck portion 2 that can be attached to and detached from the spindle of the machining center shown in FIGS. (ATC) A manipulator gripping part (V flange part) 3 integrated with a manipulator gripping part (V flange part) 3, the outer peripheral total length of the chuck part 12 is a concave surface 12 a extending from the tip to the outer peripheral edge of the manipulator gripping part 13. (A) to (c) are obtained by changing the length L of the chuck portion 12. The length L is appropriately set according to the usage mode.
Various cutting tools 5 can be employed. In this embodiment, the cutting end 5 is a carbide ball end mill having an R blade 5a, and is fixed to the chuck portion 12 by a shrink-fit method as in the prior art.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the shape from the tip of the chuck portion 12 to the required length L is formed as a concave arcuate surface shape 12a, and thereafter, the truncated cone shape 12b and the arc shape 12c are used. The concave arcuate portion 12a and the truncated cone portion 12b may be arranged in a single stage as shown in FIG. 12A, or in two or more stages as shown in FIG. 12B (12a ₁ , 12b ₁ , 12a ₂ , 12b ₂ ··) and optional. At that time, both the same diameter portion 12a ₂ and the truncated cone portion 12b ₁ can be formed in the shape of a concave arc surface, the former 12a ₂ can be formed in a truncated cone shape, and the latter 12b ₁ can be formed in the same diameter.

FIG. 4A shows an embodiment in which the two-stage concave and arcuate surface shapes 12a ₁ and 12a ₂ are used. In this embodiment, the shank part 11, the chuck part 12, and the manipulator gripping part 13 are integrated so as not to be separated. However, as shown in FIG. it can. As a fitting mode, a shrink fitting type, a screwing type, a taper coupling type, a side lock type, or the like can be considered.
In this embodiment, compared to the conventional two-stage configuration shown in FIG. 4C (those having a truncated cone-shaped chuck portion indicated by a thin line), both concave and concave surface shape portions 12a ₁ and 12a indicated by a thick line are provided. _{Since 2} is thick (shaded portion), it can be understood that the same material has high rigidity.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 5 is an example of use in the milling chuck B, and the shank portion 11 is a straight arbor having the same diameter.
Further, when the chuck portion 12 is divided, the respective divided bodies may have the same or different concave curvatures on the outer periphery, and in the case of three or more divisions, the same ones are mixed with those having different curvatures. May be.
Furthermore, the tool holder according to the present invention is not limited to the 5-axis control, but can be used in multi-axis control such as 6-axis control and more than 5-axis control.

Operation explanatory diagram of this invention Action diagram (A)-(c) is a front view of each embodiment (A), (b) is a front view of other embodiment (A), (b) is a front view of other embodiment, (c) is an operation front view of the embodiment. (A) is a front view of another embodiment, (b) is a front view of the mounting state of the embodiment to the chuck Partial cut front view of the conventional example Cutting process illustration

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS ₁ , 11 Shank part 2, 12 Chuck part 3, 13 Manipulator part 5 Cutting tool 5a R blade part 12a, 12a1, 12a ₂ Concave surface shape part (same diameter part) of chuck part
_12b, 12b _1, 12b ₂ frustoconical portion A tool holder of the chuck portion

Claims (3)

Work surface of work piece (W) provided with shank part (11) detachably attached to machine tool and chuck part (12) for holding cutting tool (5) of R blade (5a) by shrink fitting. A shrink-fit tool holder (A) for a machining center that is used with the axis of the chuck portion (12) inclined.
The outer periphery of the chuck portion (12) is gradually reduced in diameter from the shank portion (11) toward the tip in order to avoid interference with the workpiece (W), and the rigidity of the chuck portion (12) is increased. In order to increase the height, a concave surface (12a) is formed from the tip of the chuck portion (12) toward the shank portion (11) from the tip to the required length (L). A shrink-fit tool holder.   The shrink-fit tool holder according to claim 1, wherein the concave and arcuate surface (12a) has a curvature along the surface to be processed. The凹孤shaped surface (12a) is a plurality of凹孤shaped surface that continuously different curvature (12a 1, _{12a 2)} that is divided into, characterized in claim 1 or 2 shrink-fit according to Tool holder.

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