JP4767218B2 - 内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2550/00—Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems
- F01N2550/02—Catalytic activity of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
- F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
- F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0404—Methods of control or diagnosing using a data filter
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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- F01N2900/0408—Methods of control or diagnosing using a feed-back loop
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0411—Methods of control or diagnosing using a feed-forward control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/0412—Methods of control or diagnosing using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
- F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1602—Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
- F01N2900/1621—Catalyst conversion efficiency
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
- F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
- F01N2900/1806—Properties of reducing agent or dosing system
- F01N2900/1814—Tank level
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
(f1)θ1≦θref
(f2)θ2≦θref
(f3)θ3≦θref
(f4)Kff≦Kref
2 ECU(排ガス濃度検出手段、変動値算出手段、相関性パラメータ算出手段、制
御入力値算出手段、供給量決定手段、検出信号値算出手段、NOx浄化率パラメ
ータ算出手段、NOx浄化率算出手段、供給量補正手段、モデル修正値算出手段
、浄化率算出手段、劣化判定手段、警告手段、禁止手段)
3 内燃機関
5 排気通路
7 ユリア選択還元触媒
10 ユリア噴射装置(還元剤供給装置)
22 排ガス濃度センサ(排ガス濃度検出手段)
30 最適値探索コントローラ(供給量補正手段)
31 参照入力算出部(変動値算出手段)
35 移動平均フィルタ(相関性パラメータ算出手段)
36 スライディングモードコントローラ(制御入力値算出手段)
40 フィードフォワードコントローラ(供給量決定手段)
41 NOx排出量算出部(NOx浄化率パラメータ算出手段)
42 NOx還元量算出部(NOx浄化率算出手段、浄化率算出手段)
50 モデル修正器(モデル修正値算出手段)
80 最適値探索コントローラ(供給量補正手段)
81 参照入力算出部(変動値算出手段)
85 積分器(相関性パラメータ算出手段)
86 増幅器(制御入力値算出手段)
Vex 検出信号値
Yf フィルタ値(検出信号値を表す値)
Rref 参照入力(変動値)
Tref 所定周期
Z 乗算値
Cr 移動平均値(相関性パラメータ)
Nref・ΔT 移動平均区間(所定周期の整数倍の区間)
Uc 制御入力値(供給量補正値)
Gurea_fb フィードバック噴射量(制御入力値と変動値の和)
Gnox_eng_hat NOx排出量(NOx浄化率パラメータ)
Tscr 触媒温(NOx浄化率パラメータ)
Ita_scr_hat 推定NOx浄化率(NOx浄化率)
Ita_scr_bs マップ値(選択還元触媒が劣化していない状態でのNOx浄
化率)
Gurea_ff フィードフォワード噴射量(還元剤の供給量)
Kff モデル修正係数(モデル修正値)
Kref 判定値(所定値)
Wi 非線形重み関数(複数の関数)
θi 修正係数
Kff’ 乗算和(複数の乗算値の総和)
Gurea ユリア噴射量(還元剤の供給量)
Vnox NOx濃度センサの検出信号値(NOx濃度信号の値)
Vnh3 アンモニア濃度センサの検出信号値(還元剤濃度検出信号の
値)
Cr’ 積分値(相関性パラメータ)
Uc’ 制御入力値(供給量補正値)
Gurea_comp 補正成分(所定周期の整数倍の区間で積分した値)
Claims (11)
- 内燃機関の排気通路に設けられ、当該排気通路を流れる排ガス中のNOxを還元剤の存在下で浄化する選択還元触媒と、
前記還元剤を前記選択還元触媒に供給する還元剤供給装置と、
前記排気通路の前記選択還元触媒よりも下流側に設けられ、排ガス中のNOxおよび還元剤の濃度を表す検出信号を出力するとともに、NOx濃度の増減に対する当該検出信号値の変化方向と、還元剤濃度の増減に対する当該検出信号値の変化方向とが同じになる特性を有する排ガス濃度検出手段と、
振幅が所定周期で周期的に変化する変動値を算出する変動値算出手段と、
前記検出信号値および前記変動値を用いて、前記検出信号値と前記変動値との相関性を表す相関性パラメータを算出する相関性パラメータ算出手段と、
当該相関性パラメータに基づき、前記検出信号値を極値に制御するための制御入力値を算出する制御入力値算出手段と、
前記還元剤供給装置による前記選択還元触媒への前記還元剤の供給量を、前記制御入力値および前記変動値を含むように決定する供給量決定手段と、
を備え、
前記相関性パラメータは、前記検出信号値を表す値と前記変動値との乗算値の積分値に基づいて算出され、
前記制御入力値算出手段は、所定のフィードバック制御アルゴリズムによって、前記相関性パラメータが値0に収束するように、前記制御入力値を算出することを特徴とする内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記積分値は、前記乗算値を前記所定周期の整数倍の区間で積分することによって算出されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記所定のフィードバック制御アルゴリズムは、所定の応答指定型制御アルゴリズムを適用したアルゴリズムであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記排ガス濃度検出手段は、
排ガス中のNOxの濃度を表すNOx濃度検出信号を出力するNOx濃度検出手段と、排ガス中の前記還元剤の濃度を表す還元剤濃度検出信号を出力する還元剤濃度検出手段と、
前記NOx濃度検出信号の値および前記還元剤濃度検出信号の値を組み合わせて用いることにより、前記検出信号値を算出する検出信号値算出手段と、
を有することを特徴とする請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。 - 内燃機関の排気通路に設けられ、当該排気通路を流れる排ガス中のNOxを還元剤の存在下で浄化する選択還元触媒と、
前記排気通路の前記選択還元触媒よりも下流側に設けられ、排ガス中のNOxを含む所定成分の濃度を表す検出信号を出力する排ガス濃度検出手段と、
前記還元剤を前記選択還元触媒に供給する還元剤供給装置と、
前記選択還元触媒のNOx浄化率に対して相関性を有するNOx浄化率パラメータを算出するNOx浄化率パラメータ算出手段と、
当該NOx浄化率パラメータに基づき、当該NOx浄化率パラメータと前記選択還元触媒が所定の劣化度合にあるときの前記NOx浄化率との相関関係を定義した相関関係モデルを用いて、当該NOx浄化率を算出するNOx浄化率算出手段と、
当該NOx浄化率に応じて、前記還元剤供給装置による前記選択還元触媒への前記還元剤の供給量を決定する供給量決定手段と、
前記排ガス濃度検出手段の検出信号値に応じて、供給量補正値を算出するとともに、当該供給量補正値を用いて、前記還元剤の前記供給量を補正する供給量補正手段と、
を備え、
前記NOx浄化率算出手段は、
前記供給量補正値の絶対値が減少するように、所定のアルゴリズムによって、モデル修正値を算出するモデル修正値算出手段と、
当該モデル修正値によって修正した前記相関関係モデルを用いて、前記NOx浄化率を算出する浄化率算出手段と、
を有することを特徴とする内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記モデル修正値算出手段は、所定の複数の関数の値を複数の修正係数にそれぞれ乗算することによって、複数の乗算値を算出するとともに、当該複数の乗算値の総和を用いて、前記モデル修正値を算出し、
前記所定の複数の関数はそれぞれ、前記NOx浄化率パラメータが変化し得る領域を区分した複数の領域に対応して、当該対応する領域において値0以外の値に設定されかつ当該対応する領域以外において値0に設定されており、隣り合う各2つの領域が互いに重なり合っているとともに、当該重なり合う領域に対応する前記関数の値の総和の絶対値が、前記関数における最大値の絶対値と等しくなるように設定されており、
前記複数の修正係数の各々は、当該各修正係数に乗算される前記関数が対応する領域において、前記供給量補正値の絶対値が減少するように算出される請求項5に記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記排ガス濃度検出手段は、前記所定成分の濃度を表す検出信号として、排ガス中のNOxおよび前記還元剤の濃度を表す検出信号を出力するとともに、NOx濃度の増減に対する当該検出信号値の変化方向と、還元剤濃度の増減に対する当該検出信号値の変化方向とが同じになる特性を有しており、
前記供給量補正手段は、
振幅が所定周期で周期的に変化する変動値を算出する変動値算出手段と、
前記検出信号値および前記変動値を用いて、前記検出信号値と前記変動値との相関性を表す相関性パラメータを算出する相関性パラメータ算出手段と、
当該相関性パラメータに基づき、前記供給量補正値を、前記検出信号値を極値に制御するための制御入力値として算出する制御入力値算出手段と、を有し、
前記制御入力値と前記変動値の和によって、前記還元剤の前記供給量を補正することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記相関性パラメータ算出手段は、前記検出信号値を表す値と前記変動値との乗算値を前記所定周期の整数倍の区間で積分することによって、前記相関性パラメータを算出することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記モデル修正値算出手段は、前記制御入力値と前記変動値の和、および前記制御入力値の一方を前記所定周期の整数倍の区間で積分した値を用いて、前記モデル修正値を算出することを特徴とする請求項7に記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。
- 前記モデル修正値の絶対値が所定値を上回ったときに、前記選択還元触媒が劣化したと判定する劣化判定手段と、
当該劣化判定手段によって前記選択還元触媒が劣化したと判定されたときに、当該劣化を表す警告情報を出力する警告手段と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項5ないし9のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。 - 前記モデル修正値の絶対値が所定値を上回ったときに、前記選択還元触媒が劣化したと判定する劣化判定手段と、
当該劣化判定手段によって前記選択還元触媒が劣化したと判定されたときに、前記還元剤供給装置による前記選択還元触媒への前記還元剤の供給を禁止する禁止手段と、
をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項5ないし9のいずれかに記載の内燃機関の排ガス浄化装置。
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EP08009281A EP2000641B1 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2008-05-20 | Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engine |
EP10197409A EP2320043B1 (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2008-05-20 | Exhaust emission control device for internal combustion engine |
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