JP4638712B2 - Emergency purification device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an emergency purification device used for securing drinking water and domestic water at the time of a disaster such as an earthquake.

  In the event of a disaster such as an earthquake, flood, or typhoon, the lifeline may be hindered, and it may not be possible to sufficiently supply drinking water and domestic water.

  In such a case, the emergency purification device can be used as an emergency measure, using water tanks near the site, school pools, ponds, etc. as the water source, and the water quality of the water source can be used as drinking water or domestic water. Purify into fresh water. This emergency purification apparatus uses a configuration in which a water intake pump that takes in raw water and a purification unit that purifies the taken raw water are combined.

  Conventionally, a general-purpose pump that continues to operate at a constant rotational speed is used as a water intake pump of such an emergency purification device, and a configuration in which a water purifier and a sterilizer are mainly combined is used as a purification unit. Yes. Specifically, a conventional emergency purification device takes raw water from a water tank, school pool, pond, etc., by operating the intake pump at a fixed capacity, and purifies the raw water with a water purifier. A structure has been used in which a sterilization process is performed by injecting a chemical solution to purify raw water to a water quality suitable for drinking water and water for daily use, and then the water is discharged from a faucet serving as a water discharge portion.

  By the way, since a water purifier has room for water purification performance, even if clogging is considerably caused by dust and turbidity components, the required water purification performance is sufficiently ensured. However, since the intake pump only keeps operating at a certain rotation speed, if the water purifier starts to clog due to the removal of dust and turbidity components contained in the raw water, the treatment flow rate of the water purifier will decrease due to an increase in distribution resistance. To do. In particular, raw water is often water that contains a lot of waste and turbidity components such as water tanks, pools, and ponds, so water purifiers tend to be clogged, making it impossible to secure a constant flow rate from the water discharge section. .

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an emergency purifying apparatus capable of continuing water discharge at a constant flow rate.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention described in claim 1 includes a water intake pump for taking raw water from a water source, and a purification unit for purifying the raw water taken by the water intake pump. , A flow passage communicating between an inlet into which discharge water from the intake pump flows in and a water outlet for discharging the treated water, and raw water from the inlet provided in the flow passage A water purifier that purifies the water, a check valve that is provided on the secondary side of the water purifier and prevents a reverse flow to the water purifier, and a flow rate sensor that detects the flow rate of the flow path portion on the secondary side from the water purifier, A pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the flow passage on the secondary side from the water purifier, and controlling the start / stop of the intake pump according to the flow signal of the flow sensor, and the intake pump according to the pressure signal of the pressure sensor The operating capacity of the water purifier Control means for controlling the pressure on the secondary side to be constant, and a sterilizer for injecting and sterilizing a chemical solution into the treated water treated by the water purifier, A bypass path that branches off from the flow path so as to bypass the check valve, a manually operated pump that is interposed in the bypass path, and a process for guiding treated water to the manually operated pump that is provided in the bypass path And a manual pump device having switching means for switching the flow path .

  In addition to the above object, the invention described in claim 2 employs a submersible pump as a water intake pump so that purification can be performed at any point away from a place where raw water is taken.

  In addition to the above object, the invention described in claim 3 is configured such that the suction port of the submersible pump is covered with a plurality of filter sections so that the burden on the submersible pump and the water purifier is reduced.

And example even water purifier is clogged with dust and turbidity component, while the water purifier water purification capability is present, the constant flood flow from the water portion can be secured.

  Therefore, it can greatly contribute to disaster relief.

In addition to the above SL effect, from fountainhead, because raw water discharge pressure is applied is pumped, the point where the purification unit is arranged, even though how far from fountainhead, sufficient water intake can be ensured .

In addition to the above SL effect, a plurality weight of the filter portion, because the foreign matter is sucked into the suction port of the water pump decreases, water purifier burden and water pump can be reduced.

In addition to the above SL effect, even as a result of a malfunction or power failure of the emergency power supply of the water pump, even become impossible intake by water pump, by manually operating the manually operated pump in local, intake of raw water raw water It is possible to purify the water and to secure the necessary water in an emergency. Moreover, since the manual pump bypasses the check valve for preventing the backflow, the check valve for preventing the backflow on the secondary side of the water purifier functions as a flow path switching valve. Therefore, the valves necessary for switching are minimized, and the cost is low.

[One Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on an embodiment shown in FIGS.

  FIG. 1 shows an outline of the entire emergency purification apparatus. As shown in FIG. 1, the emergency purification apparatus 1 uses a configuration in which a submersible pump 2 as a water intake pump and a purification unit 30 arranged on the ground are combined.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the submersible pump 2 includes a submersible motor 3 at the bottom, and is formed in an elongated shape by assembling a multistage pump unit 4 in series at the top of the submersible motor 3. The multistage pump unit 4 has a suction port 5 (only shown by a broken line in FIG. 2) on the outer peripheral surface of the lower part (submersible motor 3 side), and a discharge port body 9 (which forms a discharge port) on the upper part. Have. The suction port 5 is covered with a plurality of filter sections 10. Specifically, for example, the filter unit 10 includes an annular screen member 11 (strainer) that surrounds the suction port 5, and a bag-shaped net member 12 (prefilter) that covers the periphery from the submersible motor 3 to the multistage pump unit 4. Is used. The screen member 11 has a small hole group 11a, and the net member 12 is formed to have a coarse lattice-shaped opening group 12a than the small hole group 11a. Foreign matter can be removed reasonably. The discharge port body 9 of the submersible pump 2 is configured to be connected to a long hose member, for example, a pressure resistant hose 14 having a chucking unit 14a attached to the end thereof. As a result, the submersible pump 2 can be used to support the pressure hose 14 using a support, for example, a rope 15, in a temporary water source 13 such as a water tank, school pool, or pond as shown in FIG. If suspended while connected and immersed in the stored water of the water source 13, the raw water is taken from the water source 13.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1, the purification unit 30 includes an inlet 31 that receives the raw water discharged from the submersible pump 2, a water discharge portion 32 for discharging the water that has been processed, and a flow path that passes between these ports. 33, and each device interposed in the flow path 33, for example, a water purifier 40, an automatic operation unit 50, a sterilizer 60, and a microfiltration device 70.

  The entire details of the purification unit 30 are shown in FIG. 3, and the details of each part of the apparatus are shown in FIGS.

    Each part of the purification unit 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 6. In FIGS. 3 to 16, reference numeral 16 denotes a portable cart. For example, the transportable carriage 16 hangs various base members 18 between the lower portions of a pair of rectangular frame-shaped safety fences 17 arranged on the left and right sides, and a pair of handrail members 20 between the front and rear ends of the safety fence 17. A plurality of casters 21 are assembled to the lower part of the member 18.

  Each device of the purification unit 30 is mounted on the portable carriage 16. Referring to each device, reference numeral 31a in FIG. 3 shows the nipple member 31a disposed at the leftmost front portion (one end portion) of the base member 18 of the portable carriage 16, and reference numeral 32a denotes the leftmost front portion of the base member 18 ( A plurality of faucets 32a (here, for example, two) arranged at one end) are shown. The other end of the pressure hose 14 is attached to and detached from the nipple member 31a using a chucking unit 14a attached to the end of the hose. The nipple member 31 a is a part that forms the inlet 31 of the purification unit 30, and each faucet 32 a is a part that forms the water outlet 32 of the purification unit 30. A water purifier 40 and an automatic operation unit 50 are installed on the left side of the portable carriage 16 in order from the front (front side). A microfiltration device 70 and a sterilizer 60 are installed on the right side of the portable cart 16 in this order from the front (front side). And the water purifier 40, the automatic operation unit 50, the sterilizer 60, and the microfiltration apparatus 70 are connected to the nipple member 31a in order. The microfiltration device 70 is connected to the final faucet 32a, and each device is interposed in a flow path 33 formed between the nipple member 31a and the faucet 32a.

  Among them, the water purifier 40 is housed exchangeably in the housing 41 with a housing 41 having an inflow portion 41a at the front and an outflow portion 41b at the rear as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, for example. A filter medium, for example, a nonwoven fabric filter 42a and an activated carbon filter 42b is provided. And while the inflow part 41a of the water purifier 25 is connected to the nipple member 31a, organic substances such as dust and turbidity components contained in the raw water pumped from the submersible pump 2 pass through the nonwoven fabric filter 42a and the activated carbon filter 42b. (Purified water).

  For example, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, the automatic operation unit 50 is configured by storing a sensor module 51 and a control unit 52 in a protective cover 50 a. Specifically, for example, the sensor module 51 includes, from an upstream side, a check valve 53, a pressure / pressure ratio, and a pipe-shaped member 51a having an inlet 52a at one end and an outlet 52b at the other end. A flow rate sensor unit 55 (a flow rate sensor and a pressure sensor combined into one: corresponding to the flow rate sensor and the pressure sensor of the present application) is built in. Reference numeral 54 denotes an accumulator assembled to a pipe portion on the upstream side of the sensor module 51. And the inflow part 52a is connected to the outflow part 41b of the water purifier 40, and the flow rate and pressure of the secondary side (downstream side) treated water flowing out from the water purifier 40 are detected by the pressure / flow rate sensor part 55. The check valve 53 prevents the backflow from the secondary side to the water purifier 40. The control unit 52 has, for example, an inverter 56 connected to the submersible motor 3 of the submersible pump 2 (partially shown only in FIG. 4). The control unit 52 has a control unit 58 configured by, for example, a microcomputer. The controller 58 rotates the operation of the submersible motor 3 so that the secondary pressure from the water purifier 40 is maintained at a predetermined constant pressure by the pressure signal output from the pressure / flow rate sensor unit 55. The function to inverter control the number is set. That is, the operation capacity of the submersible pump 3 is controlled by the control unit 58 so that a constant treatment flow rate is maintained in the water purifier 40. The control unit 58 is also set with a function for controlling the start / stop of the submersible pump 3 in accordance with a flow rate signal output from the pressure / flow rate sensor unit 55. With such setting, the submersible pump 3 is automatically operated based on flow rate information and pressure information downstream from the water purifier 40.

  As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, for example, the sterilizer 60 includes an injection module 61, a chemical liquid tank 62 in which a chemical liquid for sterilization (for example, sodium hypochlorite) is stored, for example, a chemical liquid injection formed by a diaphragm pump. The pump 63 and the control unit 64 are configured as one unit. For example, the injection module 61 has an inlet 62a at one end and a pipe-like member 61a having an outlet 62b at the other end. 66 is assembled. The inflow port portion 62 a is connected to the outflow port portion 52 b of the automatic operation unit 50 through the piping member 67. The chemical solution injection pump 63 is assembled so as to be accommodated in the chemical solution tank 62. The suction part 63a of the pump 63 is connected to the chemical liquid tank 62 via a hose member 68a (shown only in FIG. 5). Further, the discharge part 63b of the chemical solution injection pump 63 is connected to the chemical solution injection part 66 of the injection module 61 via a hose member 68b (shown only in FIG. 5), and the chemical solution tank 62 is operated by the operation of the chemical solution injection pump 63. The chemical solution is injected into the secondary treated water flowing out from the water purifier 40. The control unit 64 is configured by an electrical component unit 64 a (for example, configured by a microcomputer) mounted on the surface of the chemical liquid tank 62. The electrical unit 64a has a function of controlling the operation of the chemical solution injection pump 63 according to the flow rate of the treated water detected by the flow rate sensor unit 65 and injecting an appropriate amount of the chemical solution into the treated water. This injected chemical solution sterilizes general bacteria contained in the treated water.

  The microfiltration device 70 arranged immediately upstream of the faucet 32a has a structure in which a plurality of, for example, two microfilters 71, 71 are connected to the outlet part 62b of the sterilizer 60 as shown in FIGS. Is used. That is, each of the microfilters 71 is a fine filter membrane, for example, an MF filter (for example, a precision hollow made of polypropylene of about 0.1 μm) as a filter cartridge in a vertically long filter housing 72 as shown in FIG. A structure in which a thread membrane 73 is accommodated is used. Specifically, the filter housing 72 is configured to include a bottomed vertical cylindrical main body 74 and a cap 75 that is detachably attached to an opening of the main body 74, of which a main body is included. An MF filter 73 is built in 74. The cap 75 is provided with an inlet portion 76 a and an outlet portion 76 b for allowing the treated water to pass through the MF filter 73. These two microfilters 71, 71 are arranged on the carriage 26 side by side in the width direction of the portable carriage 16 by a stand member 76 (only a part of which is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5). The inlet part 76a of each microfilter 71, 71 is connected to the outlet part 62b of the sterilizer 60 via a piping member 78 (corresponding to the connecting part of the present application) assembled in parallel. The MF filter 73 disposed at the final stage removes minute chromaticity components and organic substances contained in the treated water after sterilization. In addition, the outlets 75b of the microfilters 71 and 71 are independently connected to the faucets 32a. The individual faucets 32a and 32a are independent until the lifetime of the microfilters 71 and 71 is reached. The water supply can be done. At the same time, depending on whether the MF filter 73 is housed in the filter housing 72 or used after the MF filter 73 is removed from the filter housing 72 as shown in FIG. The quality of the treated water is selected, that is, the water quality suitable for drinking water and the water quality suitable for domestic water (such as hand washing) that does not require the quality of drinking water can be switched. Reference numeral 79 denotes an inspection pressure gauge provided on the piping member 78.

  On the other hand, 80 in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6 is a manual pump device. The manual pump device 80 is assembled in the flow path 33 so as to bypass the check valve 53 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6. That is, a branch member, for example, a T-shaped pipe portion 81 is incorporated in the flow path portion from the water purifier 40 to the upstream side, specifically, the check valve 53, and a branch portion 82 rising upward is formed in the same portion. Yes. In this branch portion 82, for example, a ball valve 85 (always equivalent to the switching means of the present application) as a flow path switching valve, an upright pipe 86, a manual operation pump 87 as a manually operated pump, The joint member 88 and the pressure hose 89 are connected in order. The final hose end is connected to the downstream side flow path 33 part from the pressure / flow rate sensor part 55, for example, a T-shaped pipe part 90 formed in the pipe member 67. That is, the bypass path 87a in which the hand pump 87 is interposed is assembled to the purification unit 30. With this structure, when purified water supply using the submersible pump 3 cannot be expected, the check valve 53 is used as a switching valve by opening the ball valve 85 and operating the hand pump 87 repeatedly, so that the water source Raw water is pumped up from 13.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 95 denotes an emergency power source used in the event of a disaster, for example, an engine-driven generator, and the generator 95 supplies the power of the submersible pump 2 necessary for the water supply operation through the inverter 56. The electric power necessary for the operation of the sterilizer 60 is supplied.

  Next, the operation of the emergency purification apparatus 1 configured as described above will be described.

  Now, it is assumed that a disaster such as an earthquake has occurred, and as a temporary measure, as shown in FIG. 2, it is decided that the water tank is used as the water source 13 and the stored water stored in the water tank is supplied as drinking water.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 2, the submersible pump 2 is arranged on the bottom of the water tank while being connected to the pressure hose 14. Further, the purification unit 30 is carried to a place suitable for water supply and installed. At this time, the ball valve 85 is “closed”.

  Thereafter, power is supplied from the emergency power source, here, for example, the engine generator 95 to each part (inverter 56, various control devices, etc.) of the purification unit 30. Thereafter, it is assumed that the taps 32a and 32a are used. Then, the operation of the submersible submersible pump 2 is started under the control of the control unit 58 that is performed in response to the flow rate signal from the pressure / flow rate sensor unit 55.

  Thereby, the stored water in the water tank is sucked into the suction port 5 through the net member 12 and the screen member 11 by the multistage pump unit 4 (no need for self-priming) driven by the submersible motor 3. At this time, the net member 12 and the screen member 11 remove large dust and foreign matters such as leaves from the raw water sucked.

  The raw water from which large foreign substances have been removed is gradually pressurized while passing through the pump unit 4. And the raw water pressurized to the last stage is pumped from the discharge port body 9 to the water purifier 40 of the purification unit 30 placed on the ground through the pressure hose 14 and the nipple member 31a.

  At this time, since raw water is supplied to the purification unit 30 not by pump suction water but by pump discharge water, a sufficient supply amount can be obtained regardless of the distance between the water intake site and the purification unit 30. It is supplied to the purification unit 30.

  In the purification unit 30, the raw water from the submersible pump 2 is first supplied to the water purifier 40. And while this raw | natural water passes the water purifier 40, the dust, organic substance, and turbidity component which are contained in raw | natural water are removed by the filter medium (nonwoven fabric filter 42a, activated carbon filter 42b) of the water purifier 40. A part of the treated water treated by the water purifier 40 is stored in the accumulator 54, and most of the treated water is sent to the injection module 61 of the sterilizer 60 through the sensor module 51 of the automatic operation unit 50. Then, while the treated water passes through the injection module 61, the chemical solution in the chemical solution tank 62 is injected from the chemical solution injection unit 66 into the treated water. As a result, the treated water is sterilized by general bacteria contained in the treated water, and purified to a water quality that is resistant to drinking and is suitable mainly for domestic water (such as hand-washing and washing water).

  Subsequently, the treated water is guided to the microfilters 71 and 71, respectively. Then, the individual MF filter 73 as the final stage removes minute chromaticity components and minute organic substances remaining in the treated water. Thereby, the treated water is purified to a water quality suitable for drinking water. Then, the water of this quality is discharged individually from each of the taps 32a and 32a.

  Here, it is assumed that such water discharge continues and the water purifier 40 is clogged with dust and turbidity components.

  As it is, the water purifier 40 shows a behavior in which the treatment flow rate on the secondary side of the water purifier 40 decreases due to an increase in the flow resistance, although there is a margin in the water purifying performance.

  At this time, it is assumed that the pressure / flow rate sensor unit 55 detects a state in which the pressure on the secondary side from the water purifier 40 has previously decreased due to clogging. Then, the control part 58 raises the driving | operation rotation speed of the submersible pump 2 by control of the inverter 56 which varies the operating frequency of the submersible pump 2 according to the difference of the preset pressure value set beforehand, for example, and the detected pressure value. By this inverter control, the treatment flow rate on the secondary side is recovered from the water purifier 40. By controlling the rotational speed of the submersible pump 2 (inverter control), the secondary pressure from the water purifier 40 is kept constant. Thereby, even if the water purifier 40 begins to be clogged, while the water purifying capability is present, a decrease in the purified water flow rate from the secondary side of the water purifier 40 can be suppressed.

Therefore, from the faucets 32a and 32a, a constant discharge flow rate can be promised while the water purification capacity is ensured in any clogging situation. In particular, the water intake pump employs the submersible pump 2 to feed the raw water to the purification unit 30 under discharge pressure, so that the water source 13 and the purification unit 30 can be separated at any distance. A sufficient amount of water can be promised. Moreover, since the suction port 5 of the submersible pump 2 significantly reduces the foreign matter sucked in at the initial stage by the multiple filter units 10, the burden on the submersible pump 2 and the water purifier 40 can be greatly reduced.

  In addition, by providing the microfiltration device 70 upstream of the taps 32a, 32, it is possible to secure excellent water quality that is suitable for drinking water. In particular, the microfiltration device 70 employs a layout in which it is arranged upstream of the taps 32a and 32a, so that the operation of the purification unit 30 stops and treated water stays in the microfiltration device 70 for a long time. However, the staying treated water becomes sterilized water. For this reason, the staying water is not affected by various germs, and it is possible to promise water discharge excellent in terms of hygiene.

  Moreover, when the microfiltration device 70 uses the microfilter 71 in which the MF filter 73 is detachably accommodated in the filter housing 72 to obtain a water quality suitable for drinking water, the MF filter 73 is assembled, In the case of domestic water that does not require water quality, the MF filter 73 is extracted from the filter housing 72 and used as shown in FIG. 7, so that the MF filter 73 having a limited life is used as long as possible. Can drain water with the required water quality. In particular, the MF filter 73 can be used until the end of its service life by providing the taps 32a (water outlets) individually for the plurality of microfilters 71.

  In addition, since the purification unit 30 is equipped with a hand pump 87, when the submersible pump 2 cannot take water due to a malfunction of the submersible pump 2 or a power failure of the emergency power supply (due to a malfunction), the hand pump 87 is used. In this manual operation, water can be taken from the water source 13 and further purified, so that the necessary water can be secured in an emergency. In addition, since the hand pump 87 is provided by bypassing the check valve 52 for preventing the backflow necessary for automatic operation, the check valve 53 on the secondary side of the water purifier 40 uses the hand pump 87 as it is. It can be used as a flow path switching valve, and switching of the hand pump 87 does not require two types of valves on the input and output sides, and only the ball valve 85 (switching valve) on the input side is required, and switching is necessary. Such as simple valves. For this reason, the cost is low.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, in one embodiment, the example in which the automatic operation unit and the sterilizer are arranged in this order on the secondary side of the water purifier has been described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the sterilizer and the automatic operation unit may be arranged in this order. Absent. In one embodiment, the engine-driven generator constituting the emergency power supply is installed separately from the transportable cart, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the engine-driven generator may be mounted on the transportable cart.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The figure which shows schematically the emergency purification apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. Sectional drawing which shows the water intake pump of the apparatus with the state installed in a water source. The perspective view which shows the whole purification | cleaning unit of the apparatus. The top view seen from the A arrow direction in FIG. 3 of the apparatus. The side view seen from the BB line of FIG. 3 of the apparatus. The side view seen from CC line of FIG. 3 of the apparatus. The side view which shows when discharging water using the microfilter which extracted the MF filter.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Submersible pump, 11, 12 ... Screen member, Net member (filter part), 30 ... Purification unit, 31 ... Inlet, 32a ... Faucet (outflow part), 33 ... Flow path, 40 ... Water purifier, 53 ... Reverse Stop valve, 55 ... Pressure / flow rate sensor (pressure sensor, flow rate sensor), 58 ... Control unit (control means), 60 ... Sterilizer, 70 ... Microfiltration device, 71 ... Microfilter, 72 ... Filter housing, 73 MF filter (filter cartridge), 78 Piping member (connecting portion), 85 Ball valve (switching means), 87 Hand pump (manually operated pump), 87a Bypass passage.

Claims (3)

A water intake pump that draws raw water from the water source, and a purification unit that purifies the raw water taken by the water intake pump,
The purification unit is
A flow path communicating between an inlet into which discharge water from the water intake pump flows in and a water outlet for discharging water that has been treated;
A water purifier that is provided in the flow path and purifies the raw water from the inlet;
A check valve provided on the secondary side of the water purifier to prevent backflow to the water purifier;
A flow rate sensor for detecting the flow rate of the flow path portion on the secondary side from the water purifier, and
A pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of the flow path portion on the secondary side from the water purifier, and
The start / stop of the intake pump is controlled according to the flow signal of the flow sensor, and the operation capacity of the intake pump is controlled according to the pressure signal of the pressure sensor so that the secondary pressure from the water purifier becomes constant. Control means to
A sterilizer for injecting a chemical solution into the treated water treated with the water purifier to sterilize,
In the flow path, a bypass path branched from the flow path so as to bypass the check valve, a manually operated pump interposed in the bypass path, and the manually operated pump provided in the bypass path An emergency purification apparatus comprising a manual pump device having switching means for switching a flow path for guiding treated water to the water.   2. The emergency purification apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the intake pump is a submersible pump that is used by being immersed in raw water of a water source.   The emergency purification apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the suction port of the submersible pump is covered with a plurality of filter sections.

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