JP4611962B2 - アリールスルホンアミド - Google Patents
アリールスルホンアミド Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4611962B2 JP4611962B2 JP2006311085A JP2006311085A JP4611962B2 JP 4611962 B2 JP4611962 B2 JP 4611962B2 JP 2006311085 A JP2006311085 A JP 2006311085A JP 2006311085 A JP2006311085 A JP 2006311085A JP 4611962 B2 JP4611962 B2 JP 4611962B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- substituted
- unsubstituted
- phenyl
- alkyl
- chloro
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 264
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 65
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 69
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 68
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 66
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 34
- -1 hydroxybutyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 208000022559 Inflammatory bowel disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 22
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000006552 (C3-C8) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000006570 (C5-C6) heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 16
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
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- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethynylbenzene Chemical group C#CC1=CC=CC=C1 UEXCJVNBTNXOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 201000008937 atopic dermatitis Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
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- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004765 (C1-C4) haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004398 2-methyl-2-butyl group Chemical group CC(C)(CC)* 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000003110 anti-inflammatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
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- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004761 fibrosis Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000012049 topical pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 abstract description 51
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 124
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 60
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- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 35
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 33
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 31
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 29
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- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 23
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- FPRZFKUEVICJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-amino-5-chlorophenyl)-pyridin-4-ylmethanone Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(=O)C1=CC=NC=C1 FPRZFKUEVICJMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
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Description
[0001]本出願は2002年11月18日に出願された米国仮特許出願第60/427,670号に対する優先権を主張する。当該優先権出願の開示をその全内容において当明細書に参照として援用する。
[0002]本発明は、様々なケモカイン、例えばTECK、のCCR9受容体に対する結合または機能を阻害する上で有効である化合物、それら化合物もしくは医薬的に受容可能なそれらの塩の1つまたはそれより多くを含有する医薬組成物を提供する。CCR9受容体に関する拮抗薬または調節薬として、該化合物および組成物は炎症ならびに免疫障害の状態および疾患の治療における有用性を有する。
[0006]本発明は、CCR9ケモカイン活性を調節する上で有用な化合物および医薬的に受容可能なそれらの塩、組成物、ならびに方法に向けられる。当明細書に記載する化合物およびそれらの塩、組成物、ならびに方法は、ある種の炎症および免疫調節の障害および疾患を含む、CCR9を仲介した状態または疾患の治療または予防において有用である。
[0008]もう1つの側面において本発明は、CCR9ケモカイン活性を調節する上で有用な組成物を提供する。1つの態様において本発明による組成物は、本発明による化合物および医薬的に受容可能な担体または賦形剤を包含する。
(一般)
[0014]本発明は、ケモカイン受容体の機能、特にCCR9の機能の調節に有用な化合物およびそれらの塩、組成物ならびに方法に向けられる。ケモカイン受容体の活性の調節は、本明細書においてそれらの様々な形で使用する場合、特定のケモカイン受容体、好ましくはCCR9受容体に伴う活性の拮抗作用、作動作用、部分的拮抗作用、逆の作動作用、および/または部分的作動作用を包括的に含むことを意図する。したがって本発明の化合物は、哺乳類のCCR9、例えばヒトCCR9タンパク質の少なくとも1つの機能または特性を調節する化合物である。CCR9の機能を調節する化合物の能力は、結合アッセイ(例えばリガンドの結合または作動薬の結合)、遊走アッセイ、シグナリングアッセイ(例えば哺乳類のGタンパク質の活性化、細胞質ゾルのフリーのカルシウム濃度の急速および一時的な増加の誘導)、および/または細胞応答アッセイ(例えば白血球による走化性、エキソサイトーシスまたは炎症仲介物質の放出の刺激)において、示すことができる。
(略語および定義)
[0015]本発明の化合物、組成物、方法および過程について記載する場合、他に指摘がなければ以下の用語は以下の意味を有する。
[0017]“アルキル”はそれ自体でまたは別の置換基の一部として、指定された炭素原子の数を有する(すなわちC1−8は1から8個の炭素原子を意味する)、直鎖、環式もしくは分枝鎖、またはそれらの組み合わせとしてもよい炭化水素基をいう。アルキル基の例としてメチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、n−ブチル、t−ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロペンチル、(シクロヘキシル)メチル、シクロプロピルメチル等を含む。
[0031]“医薬的に受容可能な”担体、希釈剤、または賦形剤は、製剤の他の成分と適合し、そのレシピエントに有害でない担体、希釈剤、または賦形剤である。
[0038]“治療すること”または“治療”は当明細書で使用する場合、以下の項目:
[0039]疾患もしくは医学的状態の改善、すなわち患者の疾患もしくは医学的状態の除去もしくは緩解を起こすこと;
[0040]疾患もしくは医学的状態の抑制、すなわち患者の疾患もしくは医学的状態の発症の遅延または阻止;または
[0041]患者の疾患もしくは医学的状態の症状の軽減
を含む、患者、例えば哺乳類(特にヒトまたは愛玩動物)、の疾患または医学的状態(例えば細菌感染)を治療することまたは治療をいう。
[0044]本発明はCCR9活性を調節する化合物を提供する。特に本発明は、特異的に抗炎症または免疫調節の活性を有する化合物を提供する。本発明の化合物は、ケモカイン受容体機能を特異的に調節または阻害することにより、不適当なT細胞の輸送を妨げると考えられる。ケモカイン受容体は、細胞外のリガンド 例えばケモカインと相互作用する膜タンパク質の総体であり、リガンドに対する細胞応答、例えば走化作用、増加された細胞内カルシウムイオン濃度、等を仲介する。したがってケモカイン受容体機能を調節する、例えばケモカイン受容体とリガンドとの相互作用を妨げることで、ケモカイン受容体を介した応答を調節し、ケモカイン受容体を介した状態または疾患を治療または予防することになる。ケモカイン受容体の機能の調節には、機能の誘導および阻害の双方を含む。達成される調節のタイプは化合物の特性、すなわち拮抗薬、または完全作動薬、部分作動薬もしくは反作動薬かに依存することになる。
[0047]炎症性疾患に加えて、T細胞のコントロールされない増殖により引き起こされる癌は、CCR9拮抗薬で治療してもよい。ある種のタイプの癌は、ケモカイン受容体CCR9を発現するT細胞により引き起こされる。例えば胸腺腫および胸腺癌は、リンパ球の分化が起こる臓器である胸腺の組織中に癌細胞が見出される疾患である。胸腺細胞と言われる胸腺中のT細胞は、機能的CCR9を発現することが知られている;これのリガンドは胸腺中で高レベルで発現される。もう1つの例は、急性リンパ芽球性白血病、および急性白血病とも言われる急性リンパ性白血病(ALL)であり、小児ならびに成人において発症し得る一般的な白血病である。最近の研究は、ALLの患者のT細胞は選択的に高レベルのCCR9を発現することを示した (Qiuping Z et al., Cancer Res. 2003, 1; 63(19): 6469-77)。
[0049]当明細書に提供する化合物は一般式(I)を有する:
[0050]Xは、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−OH、−OR1、−C(O)R1、−CO2R1、−O(CO)R1、−C(O)NR1R2、−OC(O)NR1R2、−SR1、−SOR1、−SO2R1、−SO2NR1R2、−NR1R2、−NR1C(O)R2、−NR1C(O)2R2、−NR1SO2R2、−NR1(CO)NR1R2、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−8アルケニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−8アルキニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−8シクロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC6−10アリール、置換されていないまたは置換された5から10員ヘテロアリール、および置換されていないまたは置換された3から10員ヘテロシクリルからなる群から独立して選択される、1から4個の置換基を表す。
[0054]Yは、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−OH、−OR4、−C(O)R4、−CO2R4、−SR4、−SOR4、−SO2R4、および置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−4アルキルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、1から3個の置換基を表す。
[0057]Lは、−C(O)−、−S−、−SO−または−S(O)2−である。
(Z置換基)
[0058]Zは、置換されていないもしくは置換された単環もしくは二環式のC5−10ヘテロアリール、または置換されていないもしくは置換された単環もしくは二環式のC3−10ヘテロシクリルのいずれかを表す。
ハロゲン、−OH、−OR7、−CN、−NO2、=O、−CN、−NO2、−OC(O)R7、−OC(O)R7、−CO2R7、−C(O)R7、−CONR7R8、−OC(O)NR7R8、−NR7C(O)R8、−NR7C(O)NR8R9、−NR7R8、−NR7CO2R8、−SR7、−SOR7、−SO2R7、−SO2NR7R8、−NR7SO2R8、および置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−8ヘテロシクリルからなる群から独立して選択される、1から5個の置換基を有してよい。
[0063]Zが2−チオフェン、2−(3−ヒドロキシ−1Hインドール)または3−(1−メチルピリジニウム)である場合に、Xがメチルである式(I)の化合物が知られているが、CCR9拮抗薬としてではない。
[0064]Xは好ましくは、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−OH、−OR1、−C(O)R1、−CO2R1、−O(CO)R1、−OC(O)NR1R2、−SR1、−SOR1、−SO2R1、−NR1R2、−NR1C(O)R2、−NR1C(O)2R2、−NR1(CO)NR1R2、置換されていないもしくは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないもしくは置換されたC2−8アルケニル、置換されていないもしくは置換されたC2−8アルキニル、置換されていないもしくは置換されたC3−8シクロアルキル、置換されていないもしくは置換されたC6−10アリール、置換されていないもしくは置換された5もしくは6員ヘテロアリール、または置換されていないもしくは置換された4から7員ヘテロシクリルからなる群から独立して選択される、1から3個の置換基を表す。
[0069]Yは好ましくは、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−OR4、−C(O)R4、−SR4、−CF3、−SOR4、および−SO2R4からなる群から独立して選択される、1から3個の置換基を表す。Yはより好ましくは、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−CF3、および−SO2R4からなる群から独立して選択される、1から3個の置換基を表す。Yは最も好ましくは1または2個の置換基を表し、その場合少なくともハロゲンが存在し、所望によりもう1つの置換基が−CN、−NO2、−OH、−OR4、−C(O)R4、−CO2R4、−SR4、−SOR4、−SO2R4、および置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−4アルキルからなる群から選択される。最も好ましくは、少なくとも1つのY置換基が式(I)に定義したスルホンアミド結合に対してパラの位置をとり、1つのY置換基がハロゲンである。
[0071]Lは好ましくは−C(O)−である。
(好ましいZ置換基)
[0072]Zは好ましくは、置換されていないまたは置換された5または6員ヘテロアリールを表す。
[0079]いくつかの好ましい態様において、該化合物を以下の式により表す:
[0088]もう1つの側面において、本発明はCCR9活性を調節する組成物を提供する。一般に、ヒトおよび動物におけるケモカイン受容体活性を調節するための組成物は、医薬的に受容可能な賦形剤または希釈剤、および式(I)として上に提供した式を有する化合物を包含するものとする。
(CCR9を介した状態または疾患を治療する方法)
[00102]なおもう1つの側面において本発明は、CCR9を介した状態または疾患を有する被験者に、上の式(I)のあらゆる化合物の治療有効量を投与することにより、このような状態または疾患を治療または予防する方法を提供する。本方法に使用するための化合物として、式(I)による化合物、態様として上に提供したもの、以下の実施例に特に例示するもの、および本明細書において特定された構造と共に提供したものを含む。“被験者”は本明細書において、動物、例えば霊長類(例えばヒト)、ウシ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、ウマ、イヌ、ネコ、ウサギ、ラット、マウス等を含む(これに限定されない)哺乳類を含むものと定義する。好ましい態様において、被験者はヒトである。
[00117]以下で使用する試薬および溶媒は、市販の業者、例えばAldrich Chemical Co. (Miowaukee, Wisconsin, USA)から得ることができる。1H−NMRは、Varian Mercury 400MHz NMRスペクトロメーターにて記録した。有意なピークは順に:多重度(s、一重線;d、二重線;t、三重線;q、四重線;m、多重線)およびプロトン数をまとめている。質量分析の結果は、質量/電荷の比率、次いで各イオンの相対アバンダンス(括弧内)として報告される。表ではただ1つのm/e値を、最も一般的な原子同位体(複数)を含むM+H(または指摘している場合にはM−H)イオンについて報告する。同位体のパターンはすべてのケースにおいて予測される式に対応している。エレクトロスプレーイオン化質量分析の分析は、サンプルの送達のためのHP1100 HPLCを用いたHewlett-Packard MSD エレクトロスプレー質量分析計にて行った。通常、被験化合物は、メタノール中に0.1mg/mLで溶かし、1マイクロリットルを送達溶媒と共に質量分析計に注入し、100から1500ダルトンまでスキャンした。すべての化合物は、送達溶媒として1%ギ酸を含むアセトニトリル/水を用いた正イオンESIモードで分析することができた。以下に提供した化合物はまた、送達システムとしてアセトニトリル/水中の2mM NH4OAcを用いた負イオンESIモードでも分析することができた。
[00123]以下の実施例は、請求した本発明を説明するために提供するものであり、限定するためのものではない。
[00125]本発明の標的化合物を合成するために広く使用されるある種の一般的な反応のタイプを、実施例にまとめる。特に、スルホンアミドの生成、ピリジンN酸化物の生成、およびFriedel-Crafts タイプのアプローチによる2−アミノフェニル−アリールメタノンの合成のための一般的な方法を提供するが、多数の他の標準的な化学も本文献中に記載しており、これらをルーチーンに使用した。
[00127]これらの代表的な変換反応として以下を含む;標準的な官能基の操作;例えばニトロからアミノへの還元;アルコールおよびピリジンを含む官能基の酸化;ニトリル、メチルおよびハロゲンを含む多様な基の導入のための、IPSOまたは他のメカニズムによるアリールの置換;保護基の導入および除去;求電子剤を用いてのグリニャール生成および反応;Buckvald、SuzukiおよびSonigashira反応を含む(が、これに限定されない)金属を介した交差カップリング反応;ハロゲン化および他の求電子芳香核置換反応:ジアゾニウム塩の生成およびこれらの種の反応;エーテル化;ヘテロアリール基を導くシクロ化(cyclative) 縮合、脱水、酸化および還元;アリールの金属イオン付加(metallation)、および金属交換、ならびに求電子剤 例えば酸塩化物またはWeinrebアミドを用いてのアリール−金属種の後続する反応;アミド化;エステル化;求核置換反応;アルキル化;アシル化;スルホンアミドの生成;クロロスルホニル化;エステルおよび関連する加水分解、等。
(実施例6:(5−クロロ−2−ニトロ−フェニル)−(6−クロロ−ピリジン−3−イル)−メタノールの合成)
(実施例7:(5−クロロ−2−ニトロ−フェニル)−(6−クロロ−ピリジン−3−イル)−メタノンの合成)
(実施例8:(2−アミノ−5−クロロ−フェニル)−(6−クロロ−ピリジン−3−イル)−メタノンの合成)
(実施例9:N−(4−クロロ−フェニル)−2,2−ジメチル−プロピオンアミドの合成)
(実施例10:N−[4−クロロ−2−(ヒドロキシ−ピリジン−3−イル−メチル)フェニル]−2,2−ジメチル−プロピオンアミドの合成)
(実施例11:N−[4−クロロ−2−(ピリジン−3−カルボニル)−フェニル]−2,2−ジメチル−プロピオンアミドの合成)
(実施例12:(2−アミノ−5−クロロ−フェニル)−ピリジン−3−イル−メタノンの合成)
(実施例13:2−メチル−イソニコチノニトリルの合成)
(実施例14:(2−アミノ−5−クロロ−フェニル)−(2−メチル−ピリジン−4−イル)−メタノンの合成)
(実施例15:(2−アミノ−5−クロロ−フェニル)−ピリジン−2−イル−メタノンの合成)
[00160]硫酸(10ml、70%)中の保護されたアミノケトン(1.7g、0.0054mol)を95℃でオーバーナイト加熱した。反応混合液を室温まで冷却し、10%水酸化ナトリウムを用いてアルカリ性とし、DCMで 抽出し、水、食塩水で洗浄し、Na2SO4上で乾燥させた。濃縮して得られた生成物を塩基性アルミナを用いたカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、表題の化合物を得た(0.20g、16%)。
(実施例21:(6−アミノ−3−クロロ−2−メトキシ−フェニル)−ピリジン−4−イル−メタノンの合成)
(実施例30:N−[4−クロロ−2−(ピリジン−4−カルボニル)−フェニル]−4−オキサゾル−5−イル−ベンゼンスルホンアミドの合成)
[00250] マグネティックスターラーで撹拌した乾燥ピリジン(30mL)中のアミノケトン(1.62g、7.0mmol)の溶液に、1.0mLのジクロロメタン中のスルホニルクロリドの溶液を滴下させながら加え、わずかに濁った反応液を周囲温度で撹拌した。5時間後、反応液を酢酸エチル(25mL)で希釈し、冷却した3M HClで洗浄し、続いてNaHCO3水溶液で洗浄し、その後水で洗浄した。有機層を乾燥(MgSO4)、濾過、濃縮し、淡黄色ワックス状固体を得た。この生成物を調製用(preparative)HPLCにて精製し、純粋な物質を凍結乾燥し、所望の生成物を得た。1H NMR(CDCl3)δ8.84(br s、2H)、7.69(dm、2H、J=8.4Hz)、7.65(d、1H、J=8.8Hz)、7.46(dm、1H、J=2.2Hz)、7.43(dm、2H、J=8.4Hz)、7.36(ddd、1H、J=8.8Hz、J=2.6Hz、J=0.7Hz)、7.24(2H、不明瞭)、7.15(brs、1H)、3.19(s、3H)、3.13(s、3H)。MS:m/z=468(M+1)。
2.33(s、3H)。MS:m/z445(M+1)。
(in vitro アッセイ)
[00276]シグナリングアッセイ、遊走アッセイ、および細胞応答のその他のアッセイを含む様々なアッセイを使用して、当明細書に提供した化合物を評価することができる。CCR9受容体のシグナリングアッセイを使用して、ある化合物、例えばCCR9拮抗薬の可能性のある物質の、CCR9リガンド(例えばTECK)誘発性のシグナリングを遮断する能力を測定することができる。遊走のアッセイを使用して、注目する化合物、例えばCCR9拮抗薬の可能性のある物質の、in vitro のCCR9を介しての細胞の遊走を遮断する能力を測定することができる。後者はin vivoのケモカイン誘発性の細胞の遊走に類似すると考えられる。
[00286]小腸および大腸内へのT細胞の浸潤は、セリアック病、クローン病および潰瘍性大腸炎を含むヒトの炎症性腸疾患の病理に関連づけられていた。関連するT細胞群の腸への輸送を遮断することは、ヒトのIBDを治療するための有効なアプローチであると考えられる。CCR9は末梢血における腸管ホーミングT細胞上に発現され、小腸の炎症、例えばクローン病およびセリアック病の患者において増大する。CCR9リガンドTECKは、小腸内で発現される。したがってこのリガンドと受容体のペアが、腸へのT細胞の遊走を仲介することによりIBDの発症に一役を担っていると考えられる。いくつかの動物モデルがあり、注目する化合物、例えばCCR9拮抗薬の可能性のある物質を、ヒトにおける拮抗薬の効能を予測できるかもしれないこのようなT細胞の遊走および/または状態または疾患に影響を及ぼす能力について評価するために、この動物モデルを使用することができる。
[00287]Panwala および共同研究者に記載されたネズミのモデル(Panwala, et al., J Immunol., 161 (10): 5733-44 (1998))は、ネズミ多剤耐性遺伝子(MDR)の遺伝子の欠失を伴う。MDRノックアウトマウス(MDR−/−)は、特定の無菌飼育条件下に維持した場合に、重篤な自発性の腸炎症を発症しやすい。MDR−/−マウスに見られる腸の炎症は、ヒトの炎症性腸疾患(IBD)の炎症と類似の病理を有し、大腸の粘膜固有層内へのTh1型T細胞の浸潤により定義される。
[00290]TNF ARE(−/−)モデル。 ごく最近Targan et al., N Engl J Med., 337(15): 1029-35 (1997)により、抗TNFアルファ抗体を用いての治療の成功により、ヒトのクローン病におけるTNFの役割が示された。TNF遺伝子(ARE−/−)における遺伝子の変化による異常なTNF−アルファの産生を有するマウスは、クローン病様の炎症性腸疾患を発症する(Kontoyiannis et al., Immunity, 10(3): 387-98 (1999))。
[00292]本実施例は、本発明の代表的な化合物に伴う活性を例証する。
(材料および方法(in vitro アッセイ))
(試薬および細胞)
[00293]MOLT−4細胞はAmerican Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA)より入手し、加湿した5%CO2インキュベータ内で、37℃で、10%ウシ胎児血清(FCS)を補ったRPMI組織培地にて培養した。組換えヒトケモカインタンパク質TECKは、R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN)より入手した。ChemoTX(登録商標)の走化性用マイクロチャンバーは、Neuro Probe (Gaithersburg, MD)より購入した。CyQUANT(登録商標)細胞増殖キットは、Molecular Probes (Eugene, Oregon)より購入した。カルシウムインジケータ色素Fluo−4 AMは、Molecular Devices (Mountain View, CA)より購入した。
[00294]従来の遊走アッセイを使用して、CCR9を介しての遊走の遮断における受容体拮抗薬の可能性のある物質の効能を決定した。このアッセイは、5μmポアサイズのポリカーボネ−トメンブレンを用いたChemoTX(登録商標)マイクロチャンバーシステムを使用して、ルーチーンの方法により行った。このようなアッセイを始めるため、GS−6R Beckman 遠心機にて1000RPMで細胞の懸濁液を遠心することにより、MOLT−4細胞を集めた。細胞ペレットを走化性バッファー(HBSS、0.1%BSAを含む)中に5×106細胞/mLで再懸濁させた。所望の濃度の検査化合物を、走化性バッファー中での段階希釈により10mMストック溶液から調製した。等しい容積の細胞および化合物を混合し、室温で15分間インキュベーションした。その後20μLの混合液を遊走マイクロチャンバーの多孔性メンブレン上に移し、29μLの50nMケモカインTECKタンパク質を下部チャンバーにセットした。37℃、150分のインキュベーション(この間に細胞はケモカイン濃度勾配に対して遊走する)後、細胞の液滴をフィルター上部から取り除くことによりアッセイを終了させた。メンブレンを越えて遊走した細胞を定量するため、下部チャンバーの各ウェルに5μLの7×CyQUANT(登録商標)溶液を加え、蛍光シグナルをSpectrafluor Plus 蛍光プレートリーダー(TECAN, Durham, NC)にて測定した。阻害の程度は、化合物で処理した細胞および未処理の細胞間の遊走シグナルを比較することにより決定した。IC50の算出を、Graphpad Prism (Graphpad Software, San Diego, CA)を用いて、非線形二乗法回帰分析によりさらに行った。
[00295]CCR9拮抗薬を同定するための1次スクリーニングを、RAMアッセイ(WO 02101350)を用いて行った、このアッセイは、抑制TECK濃度下で細胞の遊走を活性化する能力により、可能性のあるヒットを検出する。このようなアッセイを始めるため、GS−6R Beckman 遠心機にて、1000RPMで細胞の懸濁液を遠心することにより、MOLT−4細胞を集めた。細胞ペレットを走化性バッファー(HBSS/0.1%BSA)中に5×106細胞/mLで再懸濁させた。25マイクロリットルの細胞を、同じバッファーで20μMに希釈した同容積の検査化合物と混合した。20マイクロリットルの混合液を上部走化性チャンバーのフィルター上に移し、29μLの500nMケモカインタンパク質TECKを下部チャンバーにセットした。37℃、150分のインキュベーション後、細胞の液滴をフィルター上部から取り除くことによりアッセイを終了させた。メンブレンを越えて遊走した細胞を定量するため、下部チャンバーの各ウェルに5μLの7×CyQUANT(登録商標)を加え、蛍光シグナルをSpectrafluor Plus 蛍光プレートリーダー(TECAN, Durham, NC)にて測定した。
[00297]カルシウム流量アッセイは、リガンドに誘導される受容体活性化後の細胞内カルシウムの増加を測定した。CCR9拮抗薬のスクリーニングにおいて、このアッセイをFLIPR(登録商標)装置((Molecular Devices, Mountain View, CA)にて行う2次アッセイとして使用した。アッセイを始めるため、細胞懸濁液を遠心してMOLT−4細胞を集め、HBSS(1%ウシ胎児血清を含む)中に1.5×106細胞/mLに再懸濁させた。次に細胞を、カルシウムインジケータ色素Fluo−4AMと共に、45分間37℃で緩やかに振盪しながら標識した。インキュベーション後細胞をペレット化し、HBSSで1回洗浄し、同バッファーに1.6×106細胞/mLの密度で再懸濁した。100マイクロリットルの標識した細胞を10μLの適当な濃度の検査化合物とアッセイプレート上で混合した。ケモカインタンパク質TECKを最終濃度25nMとなるように加え、受容体を活性化させた。阻害の程度は化合物で処理した細胞と未処理の細胞との間のカルシウムシグナルを比較することにより決定した。IC50の算出を、Graphpad Prism (Graphpad Software, San Diego, CA)を用いて、非線形二乗法回帰分析によりさらに行った。
[00298]CCR9拮抗薬の発見を2段階のステップで行った:第1段階としてRAMアッセイを使用し、ハイスループット法で化合物ライブラリをスクリーニングした。このアッセイでは、RAM条件下でポジティブな遊走シグナルの原因となる能力により化合物を検出した。第2段階としてRAMポジティブな化合物を、従来の遊走アッセイおよびカルシウム流量アッセイを用いて検査して、それらのIC50を決定した。
[00301]P−糖タンパク質遺伝子を欠損するMDR1aノックアウトマウスは、特定の無菌飼育条件下で大腸炎を自然発症する。これらの動物の病理はヒトの潰瘍性大腸炎と類似するTh1型T細胞を仲介する炎症として特徴付けられている。疾患は通常約8−10週齢で発症し始める。しかし発症開始週齢および最終的な浸透度レベルは、異なる飼育施設間でしばしばかなり多様である。
Claims (30)
- 式(I)の化合物またはその塩であって:
Xは、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−OH、−OR1、−C(O)R1、−CO2R1、−O(CO)R1、−C(O)NR1R2、−OC(O)NR1R2、−SR1、−SOR1、−SO2R1、−SO2NR1R2、−NR1R2、−NR1C(O)R2、−NR1C(O)2R2、−NR1SO2R2、−NR1(CO)NR2R3、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−8アルケニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−8アルキニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−8シクロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC6−10アリール、置換されていないまたは置換された5から10員ヘテロアリール、および置換されていないまたは置換された3から10員ヘテロシクリルからなる群より独立して選択される、1から4個の置換基を表し;
R1、R2およびR3は、水素、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−6ハロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−6アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−6シクロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−6アルケニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−6アルキニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC6−10アリール、置換されていないまたは置換された5から10員ヘテロアリール、置換されていないまたは置換されたアリール−C1−4アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたアリール−C1−4アルキル、および置換されていないまたは置換されたアリールオキシ−C1−4アルキルからなる群より各々独立して選択される;または
R1、R2およびR3の2つが、それらの結合する原子(複数)と共に、置換されていないまたは置換された、1つの5、6または7員環を形成してもよい;
Yは、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−OH、−OR4、−C(O)R4、−CO2R4、−SR4、−SOR4、−SO2R4、および置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−4アルキルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、1から3個の置換基を表し;
R4は、水素、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−6ハロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−6アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−6シクロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−6アルケニル、および置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−6アルキニルからなる群から選択される;
Lは、−C(O)−であり;そして
Zは、置換されたピリジルであり、ここで環上の窒素は=Oで置換されている]
である、前記化合物またはその塩。 - 以下の式:
R1、R2およびR3は、水素、C1−6ハロアルキル、C1−6アルキル、C3−8シクロアルキル、C2−6アルケニル、C2−6アルキニル、C6−10アリール、5から10員ヘテロアリール、アリール−C1−4アルキル、アリール−C1−4アルキル、およびアリールオキシ−C1−4アルキルからなる群から各々独立して選択される;または
R1、R2およびR3の2つが、それらの結合する原子(複数)と共に1つの5、6または7員環を形成してもよい;
Y’およびY”は、水素、ハロゲン、−CN、−NO2、−OH、−OR4、−C(O)R4、−CO2R4、−SR4、−SOR4、−SO2R4、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−4アルキル、および置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−4ハロアルキルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、ただしY’およびY”の双方が同時に水素であることはできないものとする;
R4は、水素、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−6ハロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−6アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−6シクロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−6アルケニル、および置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−6アルキニルからなる群から選択される;
Z’およびZ”は、水素、ハロゲン、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−8シクロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−8アルケニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−8アルキニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルコキシ、=O、−CN、−NO2、−OH、−OR7、−OC(O)R7、−CO2R7、−C(O)R7、−CONR7R8、−OC(O)NR7R8、−NR7C(O)R8、−NR7C(O)NR8R9、−NR7R8、−NR7CO2R8、−SR7、−SOR7、−SO2R7、−SO2NR7R8、−NR7SO2R8、置換されていないまたは置換されたC6−10アリール、置換されていないまたは置換された5または6員ヘテロアリール、および置換されていないまたは置換された3から7員ヘテロシクリルからなる群から各々独立して選択される;そして
ここで、R7、R8およびR9は各々独立して、水素、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−6ハロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−6アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−8シクロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−6アルケニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−6アルキニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたフェニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたヘテロアリール、置換されていないまたは置換されたアリール−C1−4アルキル、および置換されていないまたは置換されたアリールオキシ−C1−4アルキルである;または
R7、R8およびR9のいずれの2つが、それらの結合する原子(複数)と共に1つの5、6または7員環を形成してもよい]
の1つを有する、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - X’およびX”が、水素、−NO2、−OR1、−C(O)R1、−SO2R1、−NR1R2、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8ハロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC3−8シクロアルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC2−8アルケニル、置換されていないまたは置換されたフェニル、置換されていないまたは置換された5または6員ヘテロアリール、置換されていないまたは置換された5または6員ヘテロシクリルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、ただしX’およびX”の双方が同時に水素であることはできないものとする、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- X’およびX”が、水素、−CF3、−CH=CH2、イソアミル、フェニルアセチレン、t−ブチル、エチル(Et)、i−プロピル(iPr)、−C(CH3)2CH2CH3、ヒドロキシブチル、−C(CH3)2CH2CH2OH、−CH2CH2CO2Me、−OCF3、−OMe、−O−iPr、−C(O)Me、−SO2Me、フェニル(Ph)、−OEt、ピラゾール、オキサゾール、およびモルホリニルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、ただしX’およびX”の双方が同時に水素であることはできないものとする、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- Y’およびY”が各々独立して水素またはハロゲンである、ただし一方または双方がハロゲンであるものとする、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- Y’が水素でありY”がクロロである;Y’およびY”の双方がフルオロである;Y’が水素でありY”がフルオロである;またはY’が水素でありY”がブロモである、請求項5に記載の化合物。
- Y’またはY”の少なくとも一方がハロゲン原子であり、式(I)のスルホンアミドに対してパラの位置をとる、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- Z’およびZ”が、水素、ハロゲン、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8シクロアルキル、−CN、−OH、−OR7、−C(O)R7、−CO2R7、−OC(O)R7、−CONR7R8、−NR7R8、−NR7CO2R8、−SR7、−SOR7、−SO2R7、−NR7SO2R8、置換されていないまたは置換されたC6−10アリール、および置換されていないまたは置換された5または6員ヘテロアリール、置換されていないまたは置換された3から7員ヘテロシクリルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- Z’およびZ”が各々独立して、水素、ハロゲン、−CN、−OR7、−NR7R8、−SR7、−SOR7、および−SO2R7、置換されていないもしくは置換されたC1−6アルコキシ、置換されていないもしくは置換されたC1−6アルキル、置換されていないもしくは置換されたフェニル、または置換されていないもしくは置換された5もしくは6員ヘテロシクリルである、請求項2に記載の化合物。
- Y’およびY”が各々独立して水素またはハロゲンである、ただし一方または双方がハロゲンであるものとする、請求項3に記載の化合物。
- Z’およびZ”が、水素、ハロゲン、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8シクロアルキル、−CN、−OH、−OR7、−C(O)R7、−CO2R7、−OC(O)R7、−CONR7R8、−NR7R8、−NR7CO2R8、−SR7、−SOR7、−SO2R7、−NR7SO2R8、置換されていないまたは置換されたC6−10アリール、および置換されていないまたは置換された5または6員ヘテロアリール、置換されていないまたは置換された3から7員ヘテロシクリルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、請求項3に記載の化合物。
- Z’およびZ”が、水素、ハロゲン、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8シクロアルキル、−CN、−OH、−OR7、−C(O)R7、−CO2R7、−OC(O)R7、−CONR7R8、−NR7R8、−NR7CO2R8、−SR7、−SOR7、−SO2R7、−NR7SO2R8、置換されていないまたは置換されたC6−10アリール、および置換されていないまたは置換された5または6員ヘテロアリール、置換されていないまたは置換された3から7員ヘテロシクリルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、請求項5に記載の化合物。
- Z’およびZ”が、水素、ハロゲン、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8アルキル、置換されていないまたは置換されたC1−8シクロアルキル、−CN、−OH、−OR7、−C(O)R7、−CO2R7、−OC(O)R7、−CONR7R8、−NR7R8、−NR7CO2R8、−SR7、−SOR7、−SO2R7、−NR7SO2R8、置換されていないまたは置換されたC6−10アリール、および置換されていないまたは置換された5または6員ヘテロアリール、置換されていないまたは置換された3から7員ヘテロシクリルからなる群から各々独立して選択される、請求項10に記載の化合物。
- 医薬的に受容可能な担体および請求項1に記載の化合物を含んでなる組成物。
- CCR9を介した状態または疾患を治療するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1に記載の化合物を含んでなる、前記医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した疾患または状態が、炎症性の状態である、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した疾患または状態が、免疫調節の障害である、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した状態または疾患が、炎症性腸疾患である、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した状態または疾患が、アレルギー性疾患、乾癬、アトピー性皮膚炎、喘息、線維症疾患および移植片拒絶からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した状態または疾患が、喘息である、請求項19に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した状態または疾患が、免疫を介した食物アレルギーおよび自己免疫疾患からなる群から選択される、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した状態または疾患が、セリアック病または慢性関節リウマチである、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 経口、非経口、直腸から、経皮、舌下、経鼻または局所により投与される、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 抗炎症薬または鎮痛薬と併用して投与される、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物、および、抗炎症薬または鎮痛薬を逐次的に投与される、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した疾患または状態が、白血病または固形腫瘍である、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した疾患または状態が、胸腺腫および胸腺癌である、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した疾患または状態が、急性リンパ性白血病である、請求項15に記載の医薬組成物。
- CCR9を介した状態または疾患を治療するための医薬の製造における、請求項1に記載の化合物の使用。
- 細胞におけるCCR9機能を調節するための医薬組成物であって、請求項1に記載の化合物を含んでなる、前記医薬組成物。
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