JP4567383B2 - Plant growth agent - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a plant growth agent and a fertilizer containing the plant growth agent.

  Pine bark is known to contain polyphenols, particularly proanthocyanidins, and is available as a raw material for extracting these because it is more stable and abundant than other plants. Proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) refers to a group of compounds obtained by condensation polymerization using flavan-3-ol or flavan-3,4-diol as a constituent unit.

  In recent years, the effectiveness of polyphenols has been studied. For example, tea polyphenols and tannins have been reported to have plant growth effects (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Proanthocyanidins, a type of polyphenol, are known to have useful bioactive effects such as high active oxygen removal ability, blood vessel strengthening action, blood flow improving action, blood lipid improving action, and antibacterial action.

Despite the occurrence of a large amount of residues produced during the extraction of polyphenols from the pine bark, its utilization is very limited. These residues are usually discarded as they are, or microbially decomposed using silage or the like, and are merely used as fertilizer or soil.
JP-A-5-339117 JP-A-11-43413

  Therefore, effective utilization of a residue (pine bark extraction residue) generated when polyphenol is extracted from pine bark is required.

  The present inventors have intensively studied the effects of pine bark and pine bark extraction residue. Surprisingly, pine bark itself has an excellent plant growth promoting effect, and this effect is pine bark extraction residue. The present invention has been completed by finding that it can also be obtained by using as it is.

  That is, the plant growth agent of the present invention contains pine bark or a processed product thereof.

  In a preferred embodiment, the treated product is a residue obtained by extracting pine bark with a polar solvent.

  The present invention also provides a fertilizer containing a plant growth agent.

  According to the present invention, an excellent plant growth promoting effect can be obtained by using a pine bark or a processed pine bark that is an extraction residue thereof. Since the present invention uses the pine bark itself or a processed product from which polyphenol or the like, which has been conventionally known as an active ingredient, has been removed, the entire pine bark can be used effectively. Further, the plant growth agent or fertilizer of the present invention does not particularly require an extraction treatment when using pine bark itself, and when using a treated product, it is necessary to perform a decomposition treatment using silage or the like. Because it is not, it is economical.

  Hereinafter, the plant growth agent of this invention and the fertilizer containing this plant growth agent are demonstrated. The configurations described below are not intended to limit the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention.

(Pine bark)
The plant growth agent of the present invention contains pine bark or a processed product thereof. In the present specification, the “processed product” refers to an extraction residue of pine bark, and refers to pine bark that has been extracted and removed from at least a part of polyphenol, which is generated in the process of extracting polyphenol from pine bark. From the viewpoint of effective utilization, it is preferable to use a processed pine bark.

  Examples of pine bark used in the present invention include French coastal pine (Pinus Martima), larch, black pine, Japanese red pine, Japanese pine, Japanese pine, Korean pine, Japanese pine, Ryukyu pine, Utsukushima pine, Japanese pine, white pine, and Canadian quebec Of these, French coastal pine used as a raw material for the polyphenol extract is preferable.

  When pine bark itself is used as the plant growth agent of the present invention, the pine bark is usually used after being crushed with a cutter, a slicer or the like, or pulverized with a mixer, a juicer, a blender, a mass colloider or the like. When pulverizing, water or the like is added as necessary. The crushing and crushing may be performed alone or in combination. The size of the resulting crushed or crushed pine bark is preferably 0.1 to 10 cm, more preferably 0.1 to 5 cm. By using a strip of the above size, it can be used as it is as a plant growth agent.

  As described above, the pine bark treated product used in the present invention is a residue after polyphenol extraction of pine bark. For example, a residue obtained by extracting and removing proanthocyanidins, which is a kind of polyphenol, can be used.

  When using the processed pine bark for the plant growth agent of the present invention, how to obtain the processed product is not particularly limited. For example, a residue obtained by extracting proanthocyanidins from a processed pine bark is used. Hereinafter, a process of extracting and removing proanthocyanidins from pine bark to obtain a processed product as a residue will be described as an example.

  The extraction of proanthocyanidins is generally obtained by bringing pine bark into contact with an extraction solvent and maintaining the temperature and time for a predetermined time, and then separating the extract from the residue. Note that the pine bark may be crushed or crushed in advance as necessary, as described above.

  The extraction solvent is usually a polar solvent such as water or a polar organic solvent, but is not limited thereto. A residue obtained by extraction with a polar solvent is preferred from the viewpoint of convenience in which the obtained extract can be used as it is. Examples of polar organic solvents include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, acetone, hexane, cyclohexane, propylene glycol, hydrous ethanol, hydrous propylene glycol, ethyl methyl ketone, and glycerin. , Methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, diethyl ether, dichloromethane, edible fats and oils, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, and 1,1,2-trichloroethene. These water and organic solvent may be used alone or in combination. Water, ethanol, and a mixed solvent of water and ethanol are preferably used.

  The amount of extraction solvent can be set in consideration of the concentration of target proanthocyanidins and extraction efficiency. For example, when water is used as the extraction solvent, the weight ratio of pine bark to water is 1: 5 to 1: 100, preferably 1:10 to 1:50. When pulverizing by adding water or the like, the amount of extraction solvent to be added may be adjusted in consideration of the amount used for crushing.

  The extraction temperature is extracted at a higher temperature to increase the extraction efficiency. For example, when water is used, hot water extraction is performed at 50 to 120 ° C, preferably 70 to 100 ° C. Hot water may be added to the pine bark, and water may be added to the pine bark and then heated. The extraction time is generally 10 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours, but can be appropriately determined depending on the extraction temperature. Moreover, when said heating is performed, the proanthocyanidins which are hard to elute from a pine bark are extracted more efficiently by leaving it to stand at 0 ° C. to 30 ° C. for 1 day to 2 days. For extraction, any extraction device such as a batch type, a semi-continuous type, or a continuous type may be used.

  Examples of other extraction methods include warm extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. As the warming extraction method, a method of adding a heated solvent to pine bark, or a method of adding a solvent to pine bark and heating is used. For example, with respect to crushed pine bark, a water-ethanol mixed solvent in which the ratio of water to ethanol is 1: 1 to 1: 9 by weight is used as an extraction solvent in an amount 1 to 20 times that of pine bark. And stirring at 70 to 75 ° C. for 0.5 to 24 hours, preferably 0.5 to 6 hours. It is also possible to increase the extraction efficiency by heating and extracting once without performing reflux, collecting the supernatant by filtration or the like, and adding the solvent again to the remaining residue and heating. In addition, the extraction temperature in the case of using an organic solvent can be set below the boiling point of the organic solvent.

  The supercritical fluid extraction method is a method of performing extraction using a supercritical fluid that is a fluid that exceeds the critical point (critical temperature, critical pressure) of a gas-liquid substance. As the supercritical fluid, carbon dioxide, ethylene, propane, nitrous oxide (laughing gas) or the like is used, and carbon dioxide is preferably used.

  The supercritical fluid extraction method includes an extraction step of extracting a target component with a supercritical fluid and a separation step of separating the target component and the supercritical fluid. In the separation step, any one of extraction separation by pressure change, extraction separation by temperature change, or extraction separation using an adsorbent / absorbent may be performed.

  Moreover, you may perform supercritical fluid extraction by the entrainer addition method. In this method, 2 to 20 W of ethanol, propanol, n-hexane, acetone, toluene, other aliphatic lower alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or ketones are added to the supercritical fluid. / V%, and by performing supercritical fluid extraction with the obtained extraction fluid, the solubility of the target extract such as OPC and catechins (described later) in the extraction fluid is dramatically increased, or This is a method for enhancing the selectivity of separation, and a method for efficiently extracting proanthocyanidins.

  Thus, after extracting proanthocyanidins from pine bark, the extract and residue are separated by a solid-liquid separation method commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as centrifugation or filtration, to obtain a pine bark processed product (residue). be able to. Further, when extracting proanthocyanidins, a metal or a metal salt may be added to remove the polymer dissolved in the extract. The residue obtained after adding the above metals can also be used as a processed pine bark. If an organic solvent other than ethanol remains, the treated pine bark may inhibit the plant growth promoting effect, and therefore, it is preferably washed with water, ethanol or the like as necessary.

  Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the polyphenol content of said pine bark processed material, Usually, 0.1 mass% or less, Preferably it is 0.000001 mass%-0.1 mass%, More preferably, it is 0.001 mass%-0.00. It is 1 mass%, More preferably, it exists in the range of 0.01 mass%-0.1 mass%.

(Plant growth agent)
The plant growth agent of the present invention contains pine bark or a processed product thereof, and may contain plant nutritional components or pesticides that are commonly used by those skilled in the art as needed. There is no restriction | limiting in particular in content of a pine bark or its processed material. The plant growth agent of the present invention can be prepared in various forms according to the purpose, for example, depending on the method of use. For example, it is used in a form usually used by those skilled in the art, such as pills, powders, liquids, and pastes.

  The plant growth agent of the present invention can be used without particular limitation on the type of plant to be cultivated (vegetables, cereals, fruit trees, trees, etc.). Furthermore, it can be used for any plant parts such as plant seeds, roots, stems, leaves and flowers. For example, when supplying the growth agent to plant seeds, roots, etc., it may be contained as fertilizer in soil of planters, soil such as fields, hydroponics of hydroponics, and the like. When used for plant stems, leaves, flowers, etc., the growth agent is contained in a liquid such as water and applied directly.

  The usage-amount of the plant growth agent of this invention can be suitably adjusted with the plant to grow, a cultivation method, etc. For example, in the case of hydroponics, in hydroponic liquid, in the case of cultivation in a planter, it is preferably 0.001 wt% to 10 wt%, more preferably 0.05 wt%, as pine bark or a treated product thereof in the soil. -5% by weight, most preferably 0.01% by weight to 1% by weight.

(fertilizer)
The fertilizer of this invention contains said plant growth agent, and can contain the fertilizer component normally used by those skilled in the art as needed. As described above, the plant growth agent may be used as a fertilizer as it is. The fertilizer of the present invention is sown in soil for the purpose of supplying mainly to seeds, roots and the like of plants, or in the case of hydroponics, contained in hydroponics. In addition, the form of the fertilizer of this invention, the kind of plant cultivated using this fertilizer, and the usage-amount are the same as that of the case of said plant growth agent. The fertilizer of the present invention is particularly useful in that it is particularly excellent in plant growth promoting effect.

  The reason why such a pine bark extract residue has a plant growth action is not clear, but in general, it seems that almost all of the soluble components are extracted by extracting the plant with water or a polar solvent. On the other hand, in pine bark, a trace amount of soluble components remain, which is considered to be eluted from the pine bark extract residue to promote plant growth.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated based on an Example, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to this Example.

Example 1
5.4 L of purified water was added to 1 kg of pine bark (French coastal pine), and the mixture was crushed with a blender (Waring Blender), and then extracted by heating at 100 ° C. for 24 hours while refluxing. Subsequently, it filtered immediately and the insoluble matter after filtration was washed with 1.6 L of purified water. The obtained residue was dried to obtain 0.9 kg of a water extraction residue of pine bark.

(Example 2)
5.4 L of an 80% by volume ethanol aqueous solution was added to 1 kg of pine bark, crushed with a blender, and then extracted by heating while refluxing at 70 ° C. for 24 hours. Next, the mixture was immediately filtered, and the insoluble matter after filtration was washed with 1.6 L of an 80% by volume ethanol aqueous solution. The obtained residue was dried to obtain 0.9 kg of an ethanol aqueous solution extraction residue of pine bark.

(Example 3)
1 kg of pine bark was crushed with a blender to obtain a crushed pine bark.

(Comparative Example 1)
Instead of pine bark, 0.6 kg of a tea leaf ethanol aqueous solution extraction residue was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 1 kg of tea leaves containing catechins were used.

(Comparative Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 2 except that 1 kg of pine heartwood was used instead of pine bark, 0.9 kg of an ethanol aqueous solution extraction residue of pine heartwood was obtained.

(Example 4: Plant growth promoting effect)
In the water extraction residue of the pine bark obtained in Examples 1 to 3, the ethanol aqueous solution extraction residue of the pine bark, and the pine bark crushed material, and the ethanol aqueous solution extraction residue of tea leaves obtained in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 The growth promotion effect was evaluated as follows using the ethanol aqueous solution extraction residue of the obtained pine heartwood. First, water was added to the residue of Example 1 to prepare 20 mL of suspensions having two concentrations of 0.01% by weight and 0.1% by weight. Each suspension was poured into a container, and then a sheet-like sponge was immersed therein. Next, 20 so-called radish seeds were sown on the sponge so that the distance between the seeds was uniform, and cultivated at 20 ° C. In the same manner as described above, for the residue of Example 2 and the crushed material of Example 3, two types of suspensions were prepared, and 20 soy radishes were prepared for each container into which each suspension was poured. Seeds were sown and cultivated at 20 ° C. For Comparative Examples 1 and 2, only a 0.1% by weight concentration turbid solution was prepared, and radish was cultivated using this turbid solution in the same manner as described above. A control using only water was provided instead of the suspension.

  On the second day from the start of cultivation, 10 seeds were randomly collected from each planter, the length of the germinated root was measured, and the average value was obtained. Further, the remaining 10 seeds were collected on the fifth day from the start of cultivation, the stem length was measured, and the average value was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.

  From the results in Table 1, the potato bark cultivated using the pine bark aqueous extract residue, the pine bark ethanol aqueous solution extract residue, and the pine bark crushed material obtained in Examples 1 to 3, was the tea leaf ethanol of the comparative example. Compared to squid radish cultivated using aqueous solution extraction residue (Comparative Example 1) or ethanol aqueous solution extraction residue of pine heartwood (Comparative Example 2) You can see that it has grown long. Regarding the length of the so-called radish root and stem, each of Examples 1 to 3 was tested against the control (Tukey-Kramer), and all were significantly different (p <0.05). The water extraction residue of pine bark, the ethanol aqueous solution extraction residue of pine bark, and the crushed pine bark of Examples 1 to 3 all show growth of roots and stems at low concentrations. It can be seen that

  The plant growth agent containing the pine bark of the present invention or a processed product thereof and the fertilizer containing the plant growth agent have an excellent plant growth promoting effect. Since the present invention uses the pine bark itself or a processed pine bark from which polyphenol or the like, which is conventionally known as an active ingredient, has been removed, the entire pine bark can be used effectively. Furthermore, the plant growth agent of the present invention does not particularly require an extraction treatment when using pine bark itself, and when using a pine bark treatment product, it is necessary to perform a decomposition treatment using silage or the like. Because it is not, it is economical. The plant growth agent and fertilizer of the present invention can be sowed in soil or contained in a hydroponic solution in the case of hydroponics, or can be directly applied to plant stems, leaves, flowers, etc., and exhibit a plant growth promoting effect. To do.

Claims (2)

A to that plant growth agents containing pine bark of the workpiece, the treated product is a pine bark, water, ethanol, and extracted with a polar solvent selected from the group consisting of a mixed solvent of water and ethanol A plant growth agent which is a residue obtained. A fertilizer containing the plant growth agent according to claim 1 .