JP4540969B2 - リン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
リン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4540969B2 JP4540969B2 JP2003397853A JP2003397853A JP4540969B2 JP 4540969 B2 JP4540969 B2 JP 4540969B2 JP 2003397853 A JP2003397853 A JP 2003397853A JP 2003397853 A JP2003397853 A JP 2003397853A JP 4540969 B2 JP4540969 B2 JP 4540969B2
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- Prior art keywords
- calcium phosphate
- porous body
- ceramic porous
- fine particles
- annular portion
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- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
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- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical group [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 21
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Description
図1及び2に概略的に示すように、リン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体は支持部1と、複数の環状部2とからなる。支持部1は複数の気孔11を有している。気孔11の直径Dの平均は10〜300μmであるのが好ましい。直径Dの平均が10μm未満であると、気孔11内に血管が入り難過ぎる。直径Dの平均が300μm超であると、繊維芽細胞等が気孔11内に入り込んで骨形成を阻害する。
(1) 原料
リン酸カルシウムからなる粗粒子及び微粒子と、非イオン系界面活性剤と、水溶性高分子とを原料としてリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体を作製する。なお本明細書中、「粗粒子」及び「微粒子」という表現は、粒子の相対的な大きさを表すものである。粗粒子の平均粒径は概ね1μm超であり、微粒子は1μm以下である。
粗粒子はリン酸カルシウムからなり、平均粒径5〜20μmであるのが好ましい。リン酸カルシウムのCa / P原子数比は、1.5〜1.7であるのが好ましい。Ca / P原子数比が1.5未満であると、リン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体の生体親和性が小さ過ぎる。Ca / P原子数比が1.7超であると、カルシウムが多すぎて生体親和性が小さすぎる。リン酸カルシウムの好ましい例は、ハイドロキシアパタイトである。粗粒子は主にリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体の支持部1を構成する。
リン酸カルシウム微粒子は平均粒径1μm以下であるのが好ましく、10〜200 nmであるのがより好ましい。平均粒径1μm超であると、環状部2が厚過ぎて微細孔21が形成し難い。
非イオン系界面活性剤としては、リンゴ酸アミド系界面活性剤及び/又はポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル系界面活性剤を使用する。リンゴ酸アミド系界面活性剤及びポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル系界面活性剤は、リン酸カルシウムと特異的な相互作用を示す。具体的には、界面活性剤がリン酸カルシウム中のカルシウムと結合することにより粒子の周囲を被覆する。これによりリン酸カルシウムからなる粗粒子及び微粒子はスラリー中に分散しやすくなり、粗粒子及び微粒子が余り凝集せずにスラリー中に分散状態になる。
水溶性高分子化合物は、その水溶液又は水分散液に対して加熱等の手段を施すことによりゲル化するようなものである。ここで、水溶液又は水分散液は、水溶液、コロイド溶液、エマルジョン及び懸濁液のいずれも包括する。このような水溶性高分子化合物として、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース等のセルロース誘導体、カードラン等の多糖類、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニルピロリドン等の合成重合体等が挙げられる。中でもメチルセルロースが好ましい。
リン酸カルシウムの粗粒子に水を加え、インペラー式ホモジナイザー等を使用して撹拌する。これにより粗粒子の一部が粉砕され、微粒子が生成する。インペラー式ホモジナイザーの具体例としては、エスエムテー(株)製のPH91、PA92、HF93、FH94P、PD96、HM10等が挙げられる。撹拌時間は撹拌力に依存するが、一般的には1〜30分間程度で良い。撹拌力は[撹拌機の最大出力(W)/水溶液の量(L)]×(実際の回転数/最大回転数)により求めることができる。例えば240 W/Lで5分間撹拌すると、1%程度の粗粒子の粒径が1μm以下になる。粗粒子/微粒子の質量比は1000/1〜100000/1とするのが好ましい。粗粒子と微粒子とを別々に作製しても良いが、粗粒子の一部を粉砕して微粒子を含むものとする方が、微粒子が凝集し難いので好ましい。
スラリーを強く撹拌すると、スラリーは空気を巻き込んで発泡する。強い撹拌力が得られる装置としては、インペラー式ホモジナイザーが挙げられる。インペラー式ホモジナイザーは本来起泡が起こらないように設計されているが、攪拌条件を50 W/L以上とすることにより、著しい起泡が可能になる。また攪拌羽根をディスク状にするとともに、ディスクの外周に鋸刃状の凹凸を設け、さらに攪拌容器の内壁に邪魔板を設けた構造の攪拌装置を使用するのが好ましい。好ましいインペラー式ホモジナイザーの例は、上述の粗粒子の粉砕の場合と同じである。
起泡させたスラリーを80〜95℃に加熱する。加熱すると、水溶性高分子化合物の作用によりゲル化する。スラリーをゲル化すると、スラリー中に生じた気泡はほとんど消失しない。気泡の界面付近に集まった微粒子は、界面付近でゲル化する。
得られたゲルを乾燥する。水分が沸騰しない程度の高温(例えば80℃以上〜100 ℃未満)にゲルを保持するのが好ましい。水分が沸騰すると、気泡が消失しやすい。水分が沸騰しないようにゲルを乾燥させると、ゲルはほぼ等方的に収縮するので気泡に変化は起こらず、割れ等が生じない。
乾燥体の含有する水溶性高分子化合物は、バインダーとして作用する。このため乾燥体はハンドリング可能な程度の機械的強度を有する。従って、仮焼成を行うことなく、乾燥体のまま切削加工することができる。
必要に応じて、乾燥体から水溶性高分子化合物及び非イオン系界面活性剤を除去するために、脱脂処理を行う。脱脂処理は300〜900 ℃に加熱することにより行うことができる。
焼結温度は1000〜1250℃とするのが好ましい。焼結温度が1000℃未満であると、十分な強度を有するリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体が得られ難い。焼結温度が1250℃超であると環状構造が消失し過ぎる。焼結時間は焼結温度に応じて適宜設定すれば良いが、概ね2〜10時間程度である。なお所定の焼結温度に達するまで徐々に昇温することにより、乾燥体を脱脂することができる。例えば、室温から約10〜100 ℃/時の昇温速度で約600 ℃まで昇温し、次に約50〜200 ℃/時の昇温速度で焼結温度まで昇温し、この温度で保持する。焼結完了後は徐冷する。
ハイドロキシアパタイト粉体(平均粒径:15μm)100 質量部と、水263質量部とを混合した後、ホモジナイザー[エスエムテー(株)製、PA92]を用いて撹拌することによりハイドロキシアパタイト粉体を粉砕した。ハイドロキシアパタイト微粒子(平均粒径:0.5μm)が生成し、ハイドロキシアパタイト粉体と微粒子とを含む分散液が得られた。分散液中の粗粒子と微粒子の質量比は、約1000/1であった。次いでリンゴ酸アミド界面活性剤[ライオン(株)製]の3質量%水溶液と、10質量%のメチルセルロース水溶液67質量部とを加え、リンゴ酸アミド界面活性剤の濃度が1質量%のスラリーを得た。スラリーの温度を8℃に保ちながら、ホモジナイザーを用いて60 W/Lの攪拌力(攪拌時の出力)で5分間強く攪拌し、スラリーを起泡させた。
ハイドロキシアパタイト粉体と微粒子との分散液に、10質量%のメチルセルロース水溶液67質量部と、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル系界面活性剤[TEALS、日本サーファクタント工業(株)製]3質量部とを加えた以外実施例1と同様にして、ハイドロキシアパタイトセラミックス多孔体を作製した。この焼結体の気孔率を測定したところ、88%であった。ハイドロキシアパタイトセラミックス多孔体の走査顕微鏡写真を図5及び6に示す。ハイドロキシアパタイトセラミックス多孔体中の気孔のサイズは揃っており、大部分が孔径50〜500 μmであることが分かった。環状部の厚さは約1μm以下であり、微細孔の平均孔径は約800 nmであった。
ハイドロキシアパタイト粉体(平均粒径:15μm)100 質量部と、ハイドロキシアパタイト微粒子(平均粒径:100 nm)0.1質量部と、水263質量部とを混合した後、10質量%のメチルセルロース水溶液67質量部と、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル系界面活性剤[TEALS、日本サーファクタント工業(株)製]3質量部とを加えた以外実施例1と同様にして、ハイドロキシアパタイトセラミックス多孔体を作製した。この焼結体の気孔率を測定したところ、88%であった。ハイドロキシアパタイトセラミックス多孔体の走査顕微鏡写真を図7に示す。ハイドロキシアパタイトセラミックス多孔体中の気孔のサイズは揃っており、大部分が孔径50〜500 μmであることが分かった。環状部の厚さは約1μm以下であり、微細孔の平均孔径は約800 nmであった。
ハイドロキシアパタイト粉体と微粒子との分散液に、バインダーの他に脂肪酸アルカノールアミド系界面活性剤[N,N-ジメチルドデシルアミンオキサイド、「AROMOX」(商標)、ライオン(株)製]10質量部(固形分基準)を加えた以外実施例1と同様にしてハイドロキシアパタイトセラミックス多孔体を作製した。この焼結体の気孔率は85%であった。走査顕微鏡写真を図8に示す。図8から、このハイドロキシアパタイトセラミックス多孔体は、全体に分散した細孔を有しており、支持部と環状部とからなる構造を有していないことが分かった。
11・・・気孔
2・・・環状部
21・・・微細孔
Claims (5)
- 気孔を有する支持部と、前記気孔内に形成した環状部とを有し、前記環状部は複数の微細孔が形成した網目構造を有することを特徴とするリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体。
- 請求項1に記載のリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体において、前記環状部が前記気孔の壁面から内側に突出していることを特徴とするリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体において、前記微細孔の平均孔径が1〜5000 nmであることを特徴とするリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体において、前記環状部がリン酸カルシウムからなる微粒子により形成されることを特徴とするリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体において、前記環状部の厚さが1μm以下であることを特徴とするリン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体。
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US10/996,434 US7279219B2 (en) | 2003-11-27 | 2004-11-26 | Porous calcium phosphate ceramic and method for producing same |
FR0412577A FR2862962B1 (fr) | 2003-11-27 | 2004-11-26 | Matiere ceramique a base de phosphate de calcium poreuse et procede de production |
DE200410057212 DE102004057212B4 (de) | 2003-11-27 | 2004-11-26 | Poröse Calciumphosphat-Keramik und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
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JP3400740B2 (ja) | 1999-04-13 | 2003-04-28 | 東芝セラミックス株式会社 | リン酸カルシウム系多孔質焼結体およびその製造方法 |
JP3897220B2 (ja) * | 2000-01-19 | 2007-03-22 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | リン酸カルシウム系多孔質焼結体とその製造方法 |
US20020022885A1 (en) | 2000-05-19 | 2002-02-21 | Takahiro Ochi | Biomaterial |
JP2002058688A (ja) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-26 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 骨補填材成形品 |
JP3873085B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-13 | 2007-01-24 | 東芝セラミックス株式会社 | リン酸カルシウム系多孔質焼結体およびその製造方法 |
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2003
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2004
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JP2002179478A (ja) * | 2000-12-07 | 2002-06-26 | Asahi Optical Co Ltd | 多孔質リン酸カルシウム系セラミックス焼結体及びその製造方法 |
WO2005039544A1 (ja) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-05-06 | Pentax Corporation | リン酸カルシウムセラミックス多孔体及びその製造方法 |
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JP2005154373A (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
GB0426227D0 (en) | 2004-12-29 |
FR2862962A1 (fr) | 2005-06-03 |
GB2408505B (en) | 2007-10-24 |
FR2862962B1 (fr) | 2011-05-06 |
KR20050051573A (ko) | 2005-06-01 |
US7279219B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 |
US20050119761A1 (en) | 2005-06-02 |
GB2408505A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
DE102004057212B4 (de) | 2009-07-02 |
CN1621391A (zh) | 2005-06-01 |
KR100892906B1 (ko) | 2009-04-15 |
CN100412034C (zh) | 2008-08-20 |
DE102004057212A1 (de) | 2005-06-23 |
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