JP4434967B2 - 磁性トナー - Google Patents
磁性トナー Download PDFInfo
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- JP4434967B2 JP4434967B2 JP2005004850A JP2005004850A JP4434967B2 JP 4434967 B2 JP4434967 B2 JP 4434967B2 JP 2005004850 A JP2005004850 A JP 2005004850A JP 2005004850 A JP2005004850 A JP 2005004850A JP 4434967 B2 JP4434967 B2 JP 4434967B2
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- magnetic toner
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- fixing
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- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ADFPJHOAARPYLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZARXZEARBRXKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-bis(ethenyl)aniline Chemical compound C=CN(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZARXZEARBRXKMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLYCYWCVSGPDFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SLYCYWCVSGPDFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIWKUEJZZCOPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 WRAQQYDMVSCOTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002102 polyvinyl toluene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940114930 potassium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;octadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O ANBFRLKBEIFNQU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl propan-2-yloxycarbonyloxy carbonate Chemical class CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(=O)OC(C)C BWJUFXUULUEGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dodecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O BTURAGWYSMTVOW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940082004 sodium laurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940067741 sodium octyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940080350 sodium stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000776 sodium tetradecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;octyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O WFRKJMRGXGWHBM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;pentadecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SMECTXYFLVLAJE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tetradecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UPUIQOIQVMNQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HFDCVHDLKUZMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid titanium Chemical compound [Ti].OS(O)(=O)=O HFDCVHDLKUZMDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7,7-dimethyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C NMOALOSNPWTWRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLSMLZRPNPCXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C DLSMLZRPNPCXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002076 thermal analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 JCVQKRGIASEUKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000834 vinyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
Description
該磁性トナーの平均円形度が0.970以上であり、
該磁性トナーのo−ジクロロベンゼン可溶分のサイズ排除クロマトグラフィ−オンライン−多角度光散乱(SEC−MALLS)測定における慣性半径Rwと絶対分子量Mwが下記式
0.25×10-4≦Rw/Mw≦4.0×10-4 (式1)
を満足することを特徴とする磁性トナーに関する。
0.1×10-4≦Rw/Mw≦5.0×10-4 (式1)
を満足することを特徴とし、好ましくは0.25×10-4≦Rw/Mw≦4.0×10-4を満足するものである。Rw/Mwが0.1×10-4未満では、架橋密度が高すぎてワックスのしみだしが不十分となり、またゲルが硬いためにトナー変形しにくい。結果としてサーフ定着において一層オフセットが発生しやすくなる。逆にRw/Mwが5.0×10-4を超える場合には、定着時以外のワックスのしみだしが起こるようになり、現像性、耐久性が悪化してしまう。
使用装置:PHI社(Physical Electronics Industries,Inc.)製 1600S型 X線光電子分光装置
測定条件:X線源 MgKα(400W)
分光領域800μmφ
Rm SiYn
[式中、Rはアルコオキシ基を示し、mは1〜3の整数を示し、Yはアルキル基、ビニル基、グリシドキシ基、メタクリル基の如き炭化水素基を示し、nは1〜3の整数を示す。]
で示されるものである。例えばビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリス(βメトキシエトキシ)シラン、β−(3,4エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルトリメトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、γ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N−フェニル−γ−アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、メチルトリメトキシシラン、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、フェニルトリメトキシシラン、ジフェニルジメトキシシラン、メチルトリエトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、フェニルトリエトキシシラン、ジフェニルジエトキシシラン、n−ブチルトリメトキシシラン、n−ヘキシルトリメトキシシラン、イソブチルトリメトキシシラン、トリメチルメトキシシラン、n−デシルトリメトキシシラン、ヒドロキシプロピリトリメトキシシラン、n−ヘキサデシルトリメトキシシラン、n−オクタデシルトリメトキシシラン等を挙げることができる。
CpH2p+1−Si−(OCqH2q+1)3
[式中、pは2〜20の整数を示し、qは1〜3の整数を示す]
トナー0.03gをo−ジクロロベンゼン10mlに分散し溶解後、135℃で24時間振投機で振投し、0.2μmフィルターで濾過し、その濾液を試料として用いる。
分離カラム:Shodex(TSK GMHHR−H HT20)×2
カラム温度:135℃
移動相溶媒:o−ジクロロベンゼン
移動相流速:1.0ml/min.
試料濃度 :約0.3%
注入量 :300μl
検出器1 :多角度光散乱検出器 Wyatt DAWN EOS
検出器2 :示差屈折率検出器 Shodex RI−71
(LS)=(dn/dc)2×C×Mw×KLS (1)
(LS);検出器の測定電圧値(v)
(dn/dc);試料1gあたりの屈折率の増分(ml/g)
C ;濃度(g/ml)
KLS ;測定電圧と散乱強度(還元レイリー比)の係数(装置定数)
(RI)=(dn/dc)×C×KRI (2)
KRI;測定電圧と屈折率の係数(RI定数 ポリスチレン標準にて校正)
ポリエステル樹脂又はトナーを秤量し、円筒ろ紙(例えばNo.86Rサイズ28×10mm 東洋ろ紙社製)に入れてソックスレー抽出器にかける。溶媒としてTHF200mlを用いて、16時間抽出する。このとき、THFの抽出サイクルが約4〜5分に1回になるような還流速度で抽出を行う。抽出終了後、円筒ろ紙を取り出し、秤量することによってポリエステル樹脂又はトナーの不溶分を得る。
THF不溶分(質量%)=〔(W1−(W3+W2))/(W1−W3)〕×100
硫酸第一鉄水溶液中に、鉄イオンに対して1.0〜1.1当量の苛性ソーダ溶液を混合し、水酸化第一鉄を含む水溶液を調製した。該水溶液をpH8に維持しながら、空気を吹き込み、80〜90℃で酸化反応を行い、種晶を生成させるスラリー液を調製した。次いで、このスラリー液に当初のアルカリ量(苛性ソーダのナトリウム成分)に対し0.9〜1.2当量となるよう硫酸第一鉄水溶液を加えた後、スラリー液をpH=8に維持して、空気を吹込みながら酸化反応を進め、酸化反応の終期にpHを約6に調整し、酸化反応を終了した。生成した酸化鉄粒子を洗浄、濾過して一旦取り出し、乾燥せずに別の水中に再分散させた後、再分散液のpHを調整し、十分撹拌しながらn−ヘキシルトリメトキシシランカップリング剤を磁性酸化鉄100部に対し2部添加し、十分撹拌した。生成した疎水性酸化鉄粒子を常法により洗浄、濾過、乾燥し、次いで凝集している粒子を解砕処理し、平均粒径が0.19μmの疎水性磁性酸化鉄1を得た。
疎水性磁性粉体の製造例1と同様に、酸化反応を進め、酸化反応終了後に生成した磁性粉体を洗浄、濾過、乾燥し、凝集している粒子を解砕し、平均粒径が0.19μmの磁性粉体を得た。
イオン交換水720部に0.1M−Na3PO4水溶液450部を投入し60℃に加温した後、1.0M−CaCl2水溶液67.7部を添加して分散安定剤を含む水系媒体を得た。
n−ブチルアクリレート 21部
ジビニルベンゼン 0.5部
反応性樹脂(スチレンマクロモノマー、Mn=5700) 10部
飽和ポリエステル樹脂(プロピレンオキサイド変性ビスフェノールAとイソフタル酸との重縮合物、酸価=8mgKOH/g、Tg=65℃、Mn=6000、Mw=10000) 6部
負荷電制御剤(ジアルキルサリチル酸アルミ錯化合物) 1部
疎水性磁性酸化鉄1 90部
上記処方をアトライター(三井三池化工機(株))を用いて均一に分散混合した。
反応性樹脂を添加しないこと以外は磁性トナー1の製造と同様にして、磁性トナー2を得た。磁性トナー2の物性を表1に示す。
反応性樹脂の量を25部としたこと以外は磁性トナー1の製造と同様にして、磁性トナー3を得た。磁性トナー3の物性を表1に示す。
α−メチルスチレンダイマー0.5部を、単量体組成物中にさらに添加したこと以外は磁性トナー1の製造と同様にして、磁性トナー4を得た。磁性トナー4の物性を表1に示す。
疎水性磁性酸化鉄1を疎水性磁性酸化鉄2に変えたこと以外は磁性トナー1の製造と同様にして、磁性トナー5を得た。磁性トナー5の物性を表1に示す。
スチレン変性パラフィンワックスの量を40部としたこと以外は磁性トナー1の製造1と同様にして、磁性トナー6を得た。磁性トナー6の物性を表1に示す。
スチレン変性パラフィンワックスをポリエチレンワックス(DSCにおける吸熱ピークの極大値135℃)に変えたこと以外は磁性トナー1の製造と同様にして、磁性トナー7を得た。磁性トナー7の物性を表1に示す。
反応性樹脂の量を30部としたこと以外は磁性トナー1の製造と同様にして、磁性トナー8を得た。磁性トナー8の物性を表1に示す。
反応性樹脂の量を0.3部とし、t−ドデシルメルカプタン1.0部をさらに添加したこと以外は磁性トナー1の製造と同様にして、磁性トナー9を得た。磁性トナー9の物性を表1に示す。
イオン交換水720部に0.1M−Na3PO4水溶液450部を投入し60℃に加温した後、1.0M−CaCl2水溶液67.7部を添加して分散安定剤を含む水系媒体を得た。
n−ブチルアクリレート 21部
ジビニルベンゼン 0.5部
反応性樹脂(スチレンマクロモノマー、Mn=5700) 10部
飽和ポリエステル樹脂(プロピレンオキサイド変性ビスフェノールAとイソフタル酸との重縮合物、酸価=8mgKOH/g、Tg=65℃、Mn=6000、Mw=10000) 6部
疎水性磁性酸化鉄1 90部
上記処方をアトライター(三井三池化工機(株))を用いて均一に分散混合した。
上記酸化鉄含有樹脂粒子 100部
負荷電制御剤(モノアゾ染料系のFe化合物) 1部
スチレン変性パラフィンワックス 3部
(DSCにおける吸熱ピークの極大値74℃)
上記材料をブレンダーにて混合し、110℃に加熱した2軸エクストルーダーで溶融混練し、冷却した混練物をハンマーミルで粗粉砕し、粗粉砕物をジェットミルで微粉砕後、得られた微粉砕物を風力分級して重量平均粒径7.9μmのトナー粒子を得た。このトナー粒子100部に対して磁性トナー1の製造で使用したシリカ1.0部を加え、ヘンシェルミキサーを用い混合し磁性トナー10を調製した。磁性トナー10の物性を表1に示す。
画像形成装置として、LBP−1760を改造し、概ね図2に示される構造のものを用いた。
フェノール樹脂 100部
グラファイト(粒径約7μm) 90部
カーボンブラック 10部
LBP−1760の改造機を用い、常温常湿環境下において定着試験を行った。このときの画像面積比率は25%であり、単位面積当たりのトナー載り量は、0.7mg/cm2に設定した。定着開始温度の測定は、定着器の設定温度を130〜230℃迄の温度範囲で5℃おきに温度調節して、各々の温度で定着画像を出力し、得られた定着画像を4.9kPa(50g/cm2)の荷重をかけたシルボン紙で摺擦し、摺擦前後の濃度低下率が10%以下となる定着温度を定着開始温度とした。また、オフセット温度については画像上及び紙裏の汚れを目視で評価した。130℃から設定温度を上げていき、一層オフセットが発生しなくなる直前の温度を一層オフセット温度、さらに温度を上げていき、高温オフセットの発生した温度を高温オフセット温度とした。
画像濃度はベタ画像部を形成し、このベタ画像をマクベス反射濃度計(マクベス社製)にて測定を行った。
転写効率は、ベタ黒画像転写後の感光体上の転写残トナーをマイラーテープによりテーピングしてはぎ取り、紙上に貼ったもののマクベス濃度の値をC、転写後定着前のトナーの載った紙上にマイラーテープを貼ったもののマクベス濃度をD、未使用の紙上に貼ったマイラーテープのマクベス濃度をEとした時、近似的に以下の式で計算した。
A:転写効率が96%以上。
B:転写効率が92%以上、96%未満。
C:転写効率が89%以上、92%未満。
D:転写効率が89%未満。
カブリの測定は、東京電色社製のREFLECTMETER MODEL TC−6DSを使用して測定した。フィルターは、グリーンフィルターを用い、カブリは下記の式より算出した。
カブリ(反射率)(%)=標準紙上の反射率(%)−サンプル非画像部の反射率(%)
A:非常に良好(1.5%未満)
B:良好(1.5%以上乃至2.5%未満)
C:普通(2.5%以上乃至4.0%未満)
D:悪い(4%以上)
ゴーストの判断基準は、図1に示す画像を出力し、以下の基準により目視で判断したものである。
A:ゴーストは発生していない。
B:軽微なゴーストが発生しているものの、良好な画像。
C:ゴーストは発生しているものの、実用的には問題の無い画質。
D:ゴーストが悪く、実用上好ましくない画像。
トナーとして、磁性トナー2〜7を使用し、実施例1と同様の条件で画出し試験、定着性評価及び耐久性評価を行った。その結果、初期の画像特性も問題なく、印字1000枚までいずれも大きな問題のない結果が得られた。常温常湿環境下での評価結果を表2に、高温高湿環境下での評価結果を表3に示す。
トナーとして、磁性トナー8〜10を使用し、実施例1と同様の条件で画出し試験、定着性評価及び耐久性評価を行った。その結果、耐久試験と共に転写効率の低下、ゴーストの悪化が生じた。また、磁性トナー9、10については、比較的高温領域においても一層オフセットが発生していた。常温常湿環境下での評価結果を表2に、高温高湿環境下での評価結果を表3に示す。
102 現像スリーブ(磁性トナー担持体)
114 転写ローラー(転写部材)
116 クリーナー
117 帯電ローラー(接触帯電部材)
121 レーザービームスキャナー(潜像形成手段、露光装置)
124 給紙ローラ
125 搬送部材
126 定着装置
140 現像装置
141 撹拌部材
Claims (9)
- 少なくとも重合性単量体、磁性酸化鉄、及び離型剤を含有する重合性単量体組成物を重合することによって製造される重量平均粒径が3乃至10μmの磁性トナーであり、
該磁性トナーの平均円形度が0.970以上であり、
該磁性トナーのo−ジクロロベンゼン可溶分のサイズ排除クロマトグラフィ−オンライン−多角度光散乱(SEC−MALLS)測定における慣性半径Rwと絶対分子量Mwが下記式
0.25×10-4≦Rw/Mw≦4.0×10-4 (式1)
を満足することを特徴とする磁性トナー。 - 該重合性単量体組成物中に、分子鎖末端に重合反応可能な不飽和二重結合を有するマクロモノマーを含有させることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の磁性トナー。
- 該磁性トナーの樹脂成分のテトラヒドロフラン(THF)不溶分が5乃至70質量%であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の磁性トナー。
- 該磁性トナーのモード円形度が0.99以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
- 該磁性トナーのX線光電子分光分析により測定される該磁性トナー粒子の表面に存在する炭素元素の存在量(A)に対する鉄元素の存在量(B)の比(B/A)が0.001未満であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
- 該磁性トナーの投影面積相当径をC、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いた該磁性トナーの断層面観察において、磁性粉体とトナー粒子表面との距離の最小値をDとしたとき、D/C≦0.02の関係を満たすトナーが50個数%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
- 該磁性トナーは、離型剤を重合性単量体に対し、1乃至30質量%含有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
- 該離型剤の示差熱分析による吸熱ピークが40乃至130℃の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の磁性トナー。
- 感光体を帯電させる帯電工程、帯電された感光体上に静電潜像を形成する静電潜像形成工程、該静電潜像を磁性トナーを用いて現像し、トナー画像を形成する現像工程、該トナー画像を転写材に転写する転写工程、該転写材に該トナー画像を定着させる定着工程を有する画像形成方法であって、
該定着工程では、フィルムを介してヒーターにより加熱加圧定着する定着装置が用いられ、該磁性トナーは、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の磁性トナーであることを特徴とする画像形成方法。
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