JP4270170B2 - 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 - Google Patents
内燃機関の排気浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 128
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 365
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 101100258769 Caenorhabditis elegans fars-3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
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- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
- F02D41/028—Desulfurisation of NOx traps or adsorbent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
- F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
- F01N13/107—More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
- F01N3/0233—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0878—Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2093—Periodically blowing a gas through the converter, e.g. in a direction opposite to exhaust gas flow or by reversing exhaust gas flow direction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1439—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the position of the sensor
- F02D41/1441—Plural sensors
- F02D41/1443—Plural sensors with one sensor per cylinder or group of cylinders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
Description
介して他の排気通路へ流れるようになる。このため、前記一の触媒へ流入する排気流量が減少する。従って、内燃機関(詳細には、一の排気通路が接続された気筒群)から排出される排気流量を変化させることなく、一の触媒へ流入する排気流量を減少させることが可能となる。また、他の触媒についても同様の方法により、内燃機関の運転状態に影響を与えることなく各触媒へ流入する排気流量を減少させることができる。
うちの少なくとも一の触媒のPM捕集量が一定量を超えると、他の触媒のPM捕集能に余裕が残っていても全ての触媒に対してPM再生処理が実施されることになる。
が目標温度域に達した後も該特定の触媒へ流入する排気量を減少させた状態が継続されると、特定の触媒へ流入する排気をリッチ雰囲気とするために必要となる還元剤量を少なくすることができる。
るように上流側開閉弁、流量調整弁、遮断弁、及び副開閉弁が制御されれば、複数の触媒のPM捕集量を略均一にすることが可能となる。
第1バンク)1aと第2気筒群(第2バンク)1bがV型に配列された圧縮着火式内燃機関(ディーゼルエンジン)である。
がある。これに対し、第2吸蔵還元型NOx触媒3bの容量を大きくする方法が考えられるが、暖機性の低下や車載性の低下を招く可能性がある。
に所定時間留まるため、添加燃料の空間速度(sv)が低下する。更に、第2燃料添加弁7bから添加された燃料が第2吸蔵還元型NOx触媒3b内に留まると、第2燃料添加弁7bが燃料添加を継続しなくとも第2吸蔵還元型NOx触媒3b内がリッチ雰囲気に保たれる。
備している。その際、酸化能を有する触媒は、パティキュレートフィルタの直上流に配置されてもよく、或いはパティキュレートフィルタの担体に担持されていてもよい。尚、第1フィルタ30aと第2フィルタ30bのPM捕集容量は同一であるものとする。
(前回の冷間始動時に第1フィルタ30aと第2フィルタ30bの何れに全ての排気が流されたかを識別する情報)を読み込む。
6bを所定量閉弁させるべく制御する。その際、上流側開閉弁5は開弁した状態を維持し、第1燃料添加弁7a及び第2燃料添加弁7bは燃料添加を継続するものとする。
弁7bから多量の燃料を添加する必要が生じる。
流の部位には、第1副排気通路21aが接続されている。この第1副排気通路21aは、第2排気通路2bにおける第2遮断弁20bより下流且つ第2フィルタ30bより上流の部位に接続されている。
ルタ)は排気の熱を受けることができない。依って、内燃機関1から排出されるPMの全てを第1フィルタ30aと第2フィルタ30bの何れか一方のみに捕集させることは可能になるが、他方のフィルタの活性時期が遅くなる。
流の部位と、第2排気通路2bにおける第2フィルタ30bより下流且つ第2流量調整弁6bより上流の部位とは、下流側連通路23によって連通されている。下流側連通路23の途中には、下流側開閉弁24が配置されている。
2a・・・・第1排気通路
2b・・・・第2排気通路
3a・・・・第1吸蔵還元型NOx触媒
3b・・・・第2吸蔵還元型NOx触媒
4・・・・・上流側連通路
5・・・・・上流側開閉弁
6a・・・・第1流量調整弁
6b・・・・第2流量調整弁
7a・・・・第1燃料添加弁
7b・・・・第2燃料添加弁
9・・・・・ECU(制御手段)
20a・・・第1遮断弁
20b・・・第2遮断弁
21a・・・第1副排気通路
21b・・・第2副排気通路
22a・・・第1副開閉弁
22b・・・第2副開閉弁
23・・・・下流側連通路
24・・・・下流側開閉弁
30a・・・第1フィルタ
30b・・・第2フィルタ
Claims (5)
- 気筒群毎に独立した排気通路と、各排気通路に配置されたPM捕集能を具備する触媒とを備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記複数の排気通路の各々の触媒より上流の部位を相互に連通する上流側連通路と、
前記上流側連通路を開閉する上流側開閉弁と、
前記各排気通路における前記上流側連通路の接続部位より下流に配置された流量調整弁と、
前記内燃機関の始動から所定期間は前記複数の触媒のうち特定の触媒に全ての排気が流入し、且つ、前記内燃機関の始動毎に特定の触媒が変更されるように前記上流側開閉弁及び前記各流量調整弁を制御する制御手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 気筒群毎に独立した排気通路と、各排気通路に配置されたNOx吸収能および/またはPM捕集能を具備する触媒とを備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記複数の排気通路の各々の触媒より上流の部位を相互に連通する上流側連通路と、
前記上流側連通路を開閉する上流側開閉弁と、
前記各排気通路における前記上流側連通路の接続部位より下流に配置された流量調整弁と、
前記各排気通路の前記上流側連通路の接続部位と前記各触媒の間に配置された還元剤添加弁と、
前記各触媒の状態に応じて、前記上流側開閉弁、前記各流量調整弁、及び前記各還元剤添加弁を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記複数の触媒のうち特定の触媒のPM捕集能を再生させる時に、前記上流側開閉弁を開弁させ、前記特定の触媒と同一の排気通路に配置された流量調整弁の開度を減少させ、更に前記特定の触媒と同一の排気通路に配置された還元剤添加弁から前記特定の触媒へ還元剤を供給し、
前記特定の触媒が所望の目標温度域まで昇温した後は、前記特定の触媒と同一の排気通路に配置された流量調整弁の開度を増加させるとともに他の触媒が配置された排気通路の流量調整弁の開度を減少させ、更に前記他の触媒と同一の排気通路に配置された還元剤添加弁から前記他の触媒へ還元剤を供給することを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 気筒群毎に独立した排気通路と、各排気通路に配置されたNOx吸収能および/またはPM捕集能を具備する触媒とを備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記複数の排気通路の各々の触媒より上流の部位を相互に連通する上流側連通路と、
前記上流側連通路を開閉する上流側開閉弁と、
前記各排気通路における前記上流側連通路の接続部位より下流に配置された流量調整弁と、
前記各排気通路の前記上流側連通路の接続部位と前記各触媒の間に配置された還元剤添加弁と、
前記各触媒の状態に応じて、前記上流側開閉弁、前記各流量調整弁、及び前記各還元剤添加弁を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記制御手段は、前記複数の触媒のうち特定の触媒の硫黄被毒を解消させる時に、前記上流側開閉弁を開弁させ、前記特定の触媒と同一の排気通路に配置された流量調整弁の開度を減少させ、更に前記特定の触媒と同一の排気通路に配置された還元剤添加弁から前記特定の触媒へ還元剤を供給し、
前記特定の触媒が硫黄被毒から回復した後は、前記特定の触媒と同一の排気通路に配置された流量調整弁の開度を増加させるとともに他の触媒が配置された排気通路の流量調整弁の開度を減少させ、更に前記他の触媒と同一の排気通路に配置された還元剤添加弁から前記他の触媒へ還元剤を供給することを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 気筒群毎に独立した排気通路と、各排気通路に配置されたNOx吸収能および/またはPM捕集能を具備する触媒とを備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記複数の排気通路の各々の触媒より上流の部位を相互に連通する上流側連通路と、
前記上流側連通路を開閉する上流側開閉弁と、
前記各排気通路における前記上流側連通路の接続部位より下流に配置された流量調整弁と、
前記各排気通路の触媒より下流の部位を他の排気通路の触媒より上流且つ上流側連通路の接続部位より下流の部位に接続する副排気通路と、
前記各副排気通路を開閉する副開閉弁と、
前記各排気通路の前記各触媒より上流における前記副排気通路の接続部位と前記上流側連通路の接続部位との間に配置された遮断弁と、
前記各触媒の状態に応じて、前記上流側開閉弁、前記各流量調整弁、前記各副開閉弁、及び前記各遮断弁を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記流量調整弁は、前記各排気通路の前記各触媒より下流における前記副排気通路の接続部位より下流に配置されることを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。 - 気筒群毎に独立した排気通路と、各排気通路に配置されたNOx吸収能および/またはPM捕集能を具備する触媒とを備えた内燃機関の排気浄化装置において、
前記複数の排気通路の各々の触媒より上流の部位を相互に連通する上流側連通路と、
前記上流側連通路を開閉する上流側開閉弁と、
前記各排気通路における前記上流側連通路の接続部位より下流に配置された流量調整弁と、
前記各排気通路の触媒より下流の部位を他の排気通路の触媒より上流且つ前記上流側連通路の接続部位より下流の部位に接続する副排気通路と、
前記各副排気通路を開閉する副開閉弁と、
前記各排気通路の前記各触媒より上流における前記副排気通路の接続部位と前記上流側連通路の接続部位との間に配置された遮断弁と、
前記各排気通路の前記各触媒より下流における前記副排気通路の接続部位より上流の部位を相互に接続する下流側連通路と、
前記下流側連通路を開閉する下流側開閉弁と、
前記各触媒の状態に応じて、前記上流側開閉弁、前記各流量調整弁、前記各副開閉弁、
前記各遮断弁、及び前記下流側開閉弁を制御する制御手段と、を備え、
前記流量調整弁は、前記各排気通路の前記各触媒より下流における前記下流側連通路の接続部位と前記副排気通路の接続部位との間に配置されることを特徴とする内燃機関の排気浄化装置。
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PCT/JP2005/020489 WO2006049309A1 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | Exhaust gas purification apparatus and exhaust gas purification method for internal combustion engine |
DE602005004814T DE602005004814T2 (de) | 2004-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung und abgasreinigungsverfahren für verbrennungsmotor |
US11/666,292 US7640728B2 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | Exhaust gas purification apparatus and exhaust gas purification method for internal combustion engine |
EP05803418A EP1807611B1 (en) | 2004-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | Exhaust gas purification apparatus and exhaust gas purification method for internal combustion engine |
CN2005800370120A CN101048579B (zh) | 2004-11-02 | 2005-11-02 | 用于内燃机的排气净化装置和排气净化方法 |
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