JP4143911B2 - Cutter bit replacement method and apparatus for shield machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a cutter bit exchanging method and apparatus for a shield machine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, as the shield tunnel excavation work becomes longer, maintenance of the cutter bit of the shield machine has become a problem. As a method of exchanging cutter bits during excavation, for example, a shaft for exchanging bits is constructed in the middle of the planned tunnel excavation position, and when the shield excavator arrives in this shaft, There is a cutter bit exchanging method by an intermediate shaft method in which exchanging of the cutter bit fixed to the tunnel excavating cutter at the front end of the excavator is performed.
[0003]
In addition, in the ground of the tunnel excavation planned position, an improved ground layer with high stability is formed by injecting a ground hardener, and stopped in a state where the tip of the shield excavator has entered the improved ground layer, There is a cutter bit exchanging method by the front front ground improvement method in which the improved soil on the front side of the tunnel excavating cutter is manually discharged from the chamber manhole and the bit exchanging work is performed in the space on the front side of the tunnel excavating cutter that is formed .
[0004]
In addition, after the shield machine reaches the bit exchange position, the ground around the front and front ends of the shield machine is improved to a highly stable ground from the inside of the tunnel by a freezing method. There is a cutter bit exchanging method based on the front surface ground improvement method after reaching the excavation cutter front side of the excavation cutter and exchanging the bit in the space on the front side of the tunnel excavation cutter.
[0005]
In addition, the shield machine itself has a mechanical structure that can form a dry space where the cutter bit can be replaced by a mechanical structure, swivel the excavation cutter back and forth, and pull it into the mine. There is a method of exchanging a cutter bit by a mechanical structure method such as installing in a shield machine in advance.
[0006]
However, these cutter bit exchange methods have the following problems.
First, in the cutter bit exchanging method by the intermediate shaft method, it is necessary to construct the shaft at the exchanging position, which requires a long time in the process and increases the cost. Furthermore, it is necessary to secure a large site for the construction of the shaft, and there are also locational restrictions.
[0007]
In addition, in the cutter bit replacement method based on the advance front ground improvement method, it is necessary to perform work such as excavation of the improved ground and removal of excavated earth and sand, and there is no water stoppage between the shield machine and the improved ground. There is a problem in safety because it is necessary, and a long time is required in the process.
[0008]
In addition, the cutter bit replacement method using the front surface ground improvement method after reaching the ground improves the ground by freezing from the inside of the mine, so it cannot be constructed in a small-diameter shield tunnel, and ground deformation is also expected due to freezing and thawing. Furthermore, the process takes a long time and the construction cost is high.
[0009]
In addition, the cutter bit exchanging method by the mechanical structure method complicates the structure of the tunnel excavation cutter part, and the bit exchanging structure is dominant as a manufacturing condition related to the cutter, and the manufacturing cost of the shield machine is high, and the structure Therefore, it is difficult to use for shield tunnels with a small diameter.
[0010]
Therefore, a new cutter bit insertion portion provided with a cutter bit push-out jack is provided at the cutter rotation center side end portion of each cutter bit mounting groove extending radially from the center portion of the rotary cutter, and behind the new cutter bit insertion portion. A bit exchange box is installed. The bit exchange box is equipped with a shutter and a lid before and after it, and a bit slide jack is installed, and the cutter bit mounted in the cutter bit installation groove by the cutter bit push-out jack is attached to the outer periphery of the rotary cutter. The new cutter bit installed in the bit exchange box from the back side of the rotary cutter can be inserted with a bit slide jack, and the new cutter bit is inserted with a bit slide jack. The new cutter bit inserted in the insertion section Al to be to be inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove by the cutter bits extrusion jack, the cutter bit exchange method which solves the above-mentioned various problems have been already proposed by the present applicant (for example, see Patent Document 1).
[0011]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-207786 A
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a cutter bit exchanging method, since the bit exchanging box is installed in the orthogonal direction away from the axis of the cutter bit mounting groove, the new cutter bit in the bit exchanging box is moved to the new cutter bit inserting portion. A bit slide jack is required for this purpose. Further, a slit serving as a guide for the slider is formed on the wall of the bit exchange box. For this reason, there is a limitation in that there is a limit to downsizing, and the number of openings is inevitably increased, and measures for watertightness are required.
[0013]
The technical problem of the present invention is to make it possible to exchange bits safely and easily in a short time at a low cost with a small number of openings.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The shield bit exchanging method of the shield machine according to claim 1 of the present invention is provided with a plurality of cutter bit supply holes in the circumferential direction in a cylindrical rotary body arranged at the center of the rotary cutter at the front end of the shield machine, A cutter pork having a cutter bit mounting groove that communicates with the cutter bit supply holes and extends in the radial direction is provided integrally with the rotating body, and a single piece that selectively communicates with each cutter bit supply hole is provided in the rotating body. An inner cylinder having a cutter bit accommodation chamber is provided so as to be capable of relative rotation, and when the tunnel is dug using a shield machine having a cutter bit pushing means provided on the inner cylinder, the cutter bit accommodation chamber is connected to the cutter bit supply hole. The cutter bit storage chamber is shielded by a rotating body, and when replacing the cutter bit, the cutter bit storage chamber and the cutter bit supply hole are The new cutter bit installed in the cutter bit accommodation chamber is inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove by the cutter bit pushing means, and the old cutter bit is shielded from the outer periphery of the rotating cutter in the cutter bit mounting groove by this insertion pressure. It is characterized in that it is sequentially replaced with a new cutter bit by pushing it out of the machine.
[0015]
In addition, the apparatus used in this method has a plurality of cutter bit supply holes through which the cutter bit can be inserted as described in claim 3 at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction, and is arranged at the center of the rotary cutter at the front end of the shield machine. And a cutter bit mounting groove communicating with the cutter bit supply hole and extending in the radial direction. The cutter pork fixed to the rotating body and the cutter bit mounting groove provided on the back side of the cutter pork. A single cutter having a cutter bit fixing means for releasably fixing the cutter bit row therein, an opening selectively matching each cutter bit supply hole, and a cutter bit installation hole for installing a new cutter bit An inner cylinder having a bit accommodating chamber, which is provided in the rotating body so as to be relatively rotatable, a lid provided in a cutter bit installation hole of the inner cylinder, and a new casing installed in the cutter bit accommodating chamber. The cutter bit can be pushed outward in the radial direction, the cutter bit pushing means provided at the bottom of the cutter bit storage chamber is interposed between the rotating body and the inner cylinder, and the inner cylinder is integrated with the rotating body, or And an inner cylinder driving device that rotationally drives the inner cylinder relative to the rotating body.
[0016]
The shield bit exchanging method of the shield machine according to claim 2 of the present invention is provided with a plurality of cutter bit supply holes in the circumferential direction in a cylindrical rotating body arranged at the center of the rotary cutter at the front end of the shield machine, A cutter pork having a cutter bit mounting groove that communicates with the cutter bit supply holes and extends in the radial direction is provided integrally with the rotating body, and in the rotating body, a single piece that communicates selectively with each cutter bit supply hole is provided. An inner cylinder having a cutter bit storage chamber is provided so as to be relatively rotatable, and a cutter bit push-out means is provided in the inner cylinder, and the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove is elastically supported or fixed so as to be slidable. When tunnel excavation is performed using a shield machine equipped with cutter bit holding means, the cutter bit accommodation chamber is not in communication with the cutter bit supply hole. The cutter bit accommodating chamber is shielded by a rotating body, and when replacing the cutter bit, the cutter bit accommodating chamber and the cutter bit supply hole are communicated with each other, and the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove is formed by the cutter bit holding means. Under the state of elastic support, a new cutter bit installed in the cutter bit accommodation chamber is inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove by the cutter bit pushing means, and the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove is held by this insertion pressure. The old cutter bit is slid against the urging force of the means, and the old cutter bit is pushed out of the shield machine from the outer periphery of the rotary cutter in the cutter bit mounting groove, so that it is sequentially replaced with a new cutter bit. It is returned to its original position by the elastic force of the holding means It is.
[0017]
Further, the apparatus used in this method has a plurality of cutter bit supply holes through which a cutter bit can be inserted as in claim 4 at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction, and is arranged at the center of the rotary cutter at the front end of the shield machine. And a cutter bit mounting groove communicating with the cutter bit supply hole and extending in the radial direction. The cutter pork fixed to the rotating body and the cutter bit mounting groove provided on the back side of the cutter pork. Cutter bit holding means for slidably elastically supporting or fixing the cutter bit row therein, an opening that selectively matches each cutter bit supply hole, and a cutter bit installation hole for installing a new cutter bit. An inner cylinder having one cutter bit accommodation chamber and provided so as to be relatively rotatable in the rotating body, a lid provided in a cutter bit installation hole of the inner cylinder, and a cutter bit accommodation chamber A cutter bit pushing means provided at the bottom of the cutter bit accommodating chamber, and a rotating body, so that the new cutter bit installed in the cutter bit can be pushed radially outward together with the cutter bit row against the urging force of the cutter bit holding means. And an inner cylinder driving device that is interposed between the inner cylinder and integrates the inner cylinder with the rotating body or drives the inner cylinder to rotate relative to the rotating body.
[0018]
Further, in this apparatus, the cutter bit holding means includes a locking block disposed on the back side of the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove of the cutter pork, and a cutter bit mounting groove from the center axis of the rotary cutter. The cutter bit is fixed so that the rod side and the bottom side are pivotally attached to the locking block and the cutter pork, respectively, so as to be able to swing in a plane extending radially along the axis of the shaft. The rod side and the bottom side are pivotally attached to the locking block and the cutter pork, respectively, so that they can swing in a plane extending radially from the center axis of the rotary cutter to the axis of the cutter bit mounting groove. The cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder that urges the locking block in the radial direction, the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinder, and the cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder A first relief valve that is disposed in the hydraulic circuit of the cylinder and holds the generated pressure of each of the hydraulic cylinders at a pressure lower than the generated pressure of the cutter bit pushing means, and is disposed in the hydraulic circuit, A second relief valve that maintains the generated pressure at the maximum pressure, a switching valve that switches the oil path between the first and second relief valves, and a stopper that regulates the radially outward movement of the locking block Or a locking block disposed on the back side of the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove of the cutter pork, and the central axis of the rotary cutter. The rod side and the bottom side are pivotally attached to the locking block and the cutter pork, respectively, so that they can swing in a plane extending radially along the axis of the cutter bit mounting groove. And a hydraulic cylinder for fixing the cutter bit that urges toward the center of the rotary cutter and the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic cylinder for fixing the cutter bit, so that the generated pressure of the hydraulic cylinder is lower than the generated pressure of the cutter bit pushing means The first relief valve to be held, the second relief valve which is disposed in the hydraulic circuit and holds the generated pressure of each hydraulic cylinder at the maximum pressure, and the oil path is switched between the first and second relief valves. The switching valve and a stopper that regulates the amount of movement of the locking block outward in the radial direction are configured.
[0019]
Further, in the above apparatus, the inner cylinder driving device includes a ring gear provided on one of the inner cylinder or the rotating body as in claim 7, a pinion provided on the other side and meshing with the ring gear, and a hydraulic motor for driving the pinion. , Is composed of.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1. FIG.
A shield bit exchanging method and apparatus for a shield machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing a central portion of the front end of the shield machine according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the shield machine from the front in the traveling direction. FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the shield machine, FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of the cutter bit fixing means, FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 5, and FIG. It is a rear view of a cylinder.
[0021]
The front end portion of the shield machine includes a cylindrical skin plate 1 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and a partition wall 2 provided slightly behind the front end of the skin plate 1. A cone-shaped rotating body 3 is rotatably attached to the central portion of the partition wall 2, and a cutter head 4 is provided on the leading end side of the rotating body 3 so as to cover the front end of the skin plate 1. A drilling chamber 5 is formed between the two. The cutter head 4 has a plurality of cutter spokes 6 formed radially as shown in FIG.
[0022]
A rotating cutter 7 called a fish tail is installed at the center of the tip of the rotating body 3 so that it can rotate integrally with the rotating body 3. As shown in FIG. 4, the rotator 3 itself can be rotated by transmitting power through a ring gear from the motor of the cutter head driving device 50 installed inside the partition wall 2. Inside the partition wall 2, a shield jack 60 and a screw conveyor 70 for discharging the excavated soil in the excavation chamber 5 are further provided.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 2, the rotating body 3 is provided with cutter bit supply holes 3a through which the cutter bits 8 can be inserted at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction (here, four locations). The cutter pork 6 is arranged and fixed.
[0024]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 6, the cutter pork 6 has a cross-sectional lip shape with an open front surface, and is formed with a cutter bit mounting groove 6a that communicates with the cutter bit supply hole 3a of the rotating body 3 and extends in the radial direction. . The cutter bit mounting groove 6a can accommodate the bit support piece 8b of the cutter bit 8 in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a in a state where the bit portion 8a of the cutter bit 8 protrudes from the slit 6b which is the front opening. Thus, the plurality of cutter bits 8 can be slidably supported in a row.
[0025]
Further, a cutter bit fixing device 11 that releasably fixes the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a is provided on the back side of the cutter spoke 6. The cutter bit fixing device 11 has a corrugated surface 12a on the front surface that can be fitted into a trough-shaped locking recess 8c formed on the rear surface of the bit support piece 8b of each cutter bit 8 as shown in FIGS. The locking block 12 inserted and arranged on the back side of each cutter bit 8 in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a and the longitudinal portion of the locking block 12 are supported from the back side, and the locking block 12 is formed into a cutter bit row. A pair of hydraulic pressures are released by driving or retreating to each other, thereby restricting each cutter bit 8 in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a between the edge of the slit 6b and the corrugated surface 12a, or releasing the engagement. It consists of cylinders 13 and 14.
[0026]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 7, an inner cylinder 16 that is kept watertight by a sealing material 15 and is rotatable relative to the rotating body 3 is provided inside the rotating body 3. Sealing material 15a is also provided around each cutter bit supply hole 3a on the inner surface of the body. The inner cylinder 16 is formed with a single opening 16a that selectively matches each cutter bit supply hole 3a of the rotating body 3, and for setting a new cutter bit 8A inside the opening 16a. A single cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 is provided. Further, a cutter bit installation hole 17 a is formed at the inner end in the axial direction of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17, and the cutter bit installation hole 17 a is hermetically sealed by a lid 18. The bottom of the cutter bit storage chamber 17 has a stroke capable of extruding the new cutter bit 8A set in the cutter bit storage chamber 17 to the outside in the radial direction without affecting the rotation of the inner cylinder 16. A cutter bit pushing means, that is, a hydraulic cylinder 19 is provided. When exchanging the cutter bit, the hydraulic cylinder 19 pushes out the entire cutter bit row together with the new cutter bit 8A by one cutter bit in the radial direction, and moves the old cutter bit 8 located at the end of the cutter bit mounting groove 6a in the outer circumferential direction. Although it has a function of extruding and sequentially replacing with a new cutter bit, the cutter bit pushing means is not necessarily limited to the hydraulic cylinder 19, and other linear motion mechanisms using, for example, a ball screw can also be adopted. is there.
[0027]
The inner cylinder 16 is rotated integrally with the rotating body 3 when the shield machine is dug by the inner cylinder driving device 21 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, and further when the cutter bit is replaced, the rotating body 3. Is driven to rotate relative to the motor. The inner cylinder driving device 21 includes a ring gear 22 fixed to the inner end of the inner cylinder 16, a pinion 23 that is attached to the rotating body 3 and meshes with the ring gear 22, and a hydraulic motor 24 that drives the pinion 23. When not driven, it is locked by the hydraulic motor 24 so that the inner cylinder 16 and the rotating body 3 are integrated. Needless to say, the mounting position relationship between the ring gear 22, the pinion 23, and the hydraulic motor 24 may be reversed. Furthermore, it goes without saying that a rotation mechanism using a hydraulic jack or the like can be used in addition to a rotation method based on a combination of a ring gear and a pinion.
[0028]
Next, a method for exchanging the cutter bit of the shield machine according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. During the excavation of the shield machine, the position of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 of the inner cylinder 16 with respect to the rotating body 3 is any one of the positions a, b, c and d (FIG. 2) between the cutter bit supply holes 3a. That is, the opening 16a of the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 is shielded by the inner peripheral surface of the rotating body 3, and is located at a position where watertightness between the rotating body 3 and the inner cylinder 16 is maintained. The hydraulic cylinder 24 is stopped, and the inner cylinder 16 and the rotating body 3 are locked and integrated by the hydraulic motor 24, whereby the inner cylinder 16 and the rotating body 3 rotate integrally.
[0029]
In order to replace the cutter bit, first, the rotation of the cutter head 4 is stopped, and then the cover 18 covering the cutter bit installation hole 17a of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 is opened, and the cutter bit installation hole 17a is opened. The new cutter bit 8A is set in the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17, and then the cutter bit installation hole 17a is closed again by the lid 18.
[0030]
Next, the hydraulic motor 24 is driven from the above state, the inner cylinder 16 is rotated relative to the rotating body 3 via the pinion 23 and the ring gear 22, and the opening 16a of the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 and the cutter bit are to be exchanged. Alignment with the cutter bit supply hole 3a of the rotary body 3 connected to the cutter pork 6 is performed (state shown in FIGS. 1 to 7).
[0031]
Next, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 19 which is the cutter bit pushing means is extended until the new cutter bit 8A comes into contact with the old upper cutter bit 8, and then the holding pressure of the hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14 of the cutter bit fixing device 11 is increased. Holding the pressure lower than the pressure generated by the hydraulic cylinder 19, the engagement between the waved surface 12 a of the locking block 12 and each locking recess 8 c on the rear surface of the cutter bit row is loosened.
[0032]
Thereafter, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 19 is further extended, and the entire cutter bit array including the new cutter bit 8A is pushed out radially by one cutter bit, and the old cutter bit located at the end of the cutter bit mounting groove 6a. 8 is pushed in the outer circumferential direction. Then, the hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14 of the cutter bit fixing device 11 are set to the maximum pressure mode, the piston rods are extended, and the locking surfaces of the locking block 12 including the wavy surface 12a and the rear surface of the cutter bit row including the new cutter bit 8A are locked. The engagement with the concave portion 8c is made strong and each cutter bit is restrained. Thereafter, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 19 is retracted to the original position, and a space in the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 is secured.
[0033]
Further, if it is necessary to replace the old and new cutter bits in the same row, the cover 18 of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 is opened from the above state, and the new cutter bit 8A is inserted into the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 from the cutter bit installation hole 17a. Then, the cutter bit installation hole 17a is closed again by the lid 18, and then the old and new cutter bits are exchanged by the same procedure as described above. The above operation is repeated for the number of cutter bits that need to be replaced. The replacement of the new and old cutter bits of the other cutter spokes 6 is performed in the same procedure as described above.
[0034]
When all necessary cutter bits have been exchanged, the position of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 is the position between the adjacent cutter bit supply holes 3a (any one of positions a, b, c and d in FIG. 2). The hydraulic motor 24 is driven until the inner cylinder 16 is moved, the inner cylinder 16 is rotated relative to the rotating body 3 via the pinion 23 and the ring gear 22, and the opening 16 a of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the rotating body 3. Shield.
[0035]
As described above, in this embodiment, the new cutter bit 8A for replacement can be directly set at the center of the cutter bit string arranged in the radial direction, and the single cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 is set to all the cutter bit strings. Can be matched. For this reason, further downsizing can be achieved, and the number of required drive devices (cylinders, etc.) can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the cost can be greatly reduced.
[0036]
Further, the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 is provided inside the double pipe (inner cylinder 16) so that the opening 16a of the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 can be shielded by the inner peripheral surface of the outer pipe (rotating body 3). As a result, water tightness was improved, and drilling sludge and the like were prevented from entering the machine.
[0037]
In addition, since it is pushed out from the center part of the cutter bit row arranged in the radial direction and is exchanged in order from the outermost circumference of the cutter head 4, it is possible to exchange sequentially from the most severely worn one, which is reasonable. . Further, the excavation work is stopped for replacement in a short time, and the economy is high.
[0038]
Further, since the cutter bit fixing device 11 that supports the entire cutter bit string from the back side is provided so as to be releasable, there is no need to connect the cutter bits to each other, and the size and weight of the cutter bits can be reduced accordingly. .
[0039]
Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of the cutter bit fixing means of the shield machine according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is attached.
[0040]
The shield machine according to the second embodiment is applied to a large-diameter shield machine. The rear surface of the bit support piece of the cutter bit 80 is formed on the locking slope 80c and the cutter bit fixing means 11A is locked. As the means for pushing out the new cutter bit 80A set in the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17, the saw blade-like surface 12b that can be fitted into each locking slope 80c of the cutter bit row is formed on the front surface of the block 12A. The point of using a hydraulic cylinder 19A having a longer stroke for one cutter bit than that of the hydraulic cylinder of the first embodiment is different from that of the first embodiment, and other configurations and procedures for exchanging old and new cutter bits. Is basically the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and has all the functions of the first embodiment.
[0041]
In the cutter bit 8 of the first embodiment described above, a circular hole is formed in the bit support piece for weight reduction as shown in FIG. 5, but in this case, the size reduction is limited from the viewpoint of securing strength. In addition, the locking recess 8c cannot be deepened. For this reason, it is necessary to secure the pressing force of the hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14 of the cutter bit fixing means 11 to some extent.
[0042]
In the shield machine according to the second embodiment, it is easy to secure the length of the locking slope 80c on the rear surface of the cutter bit, and when the cutter bit row is positioned upward as shown in FIG. The engagement with the locking block 12A is basically performed on the upper and lower surfaces. Therefore, the reliability of the cutter bit string constraint is high, and the pressing force of the hydraulic cylinders 13 and 14 of the cutter bit fixing means 11A can be reduced. Furthermore, it is easy to ensure the strength of the cutter bit, and the size can be reduced.
[0043]
Embodiment 3. FIG.
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of the cutter bit holding means of the shield machine according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is attached.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 9, if a recess 30a and a protrusion 30b are provided on the outer peripheral side end surface and the inner peripheral side end surface of each cutter bit 8, the cutter bit rows can be aligned, and the cutter bit can be replaced or fixed. Becomes easy. However, in this case, when exchanging the cutter bit, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 19 is extended, and the entire cutter bit row including the new cutter bit 8A is pushed out by one cutter bit radially outward. Even if the old cutter bit 8 positioned at the end of the mounting groove 6a (see FIG. 2) is pushed in the outer peripheral direction, in this state, the pushed old cutter bit (hereinafter referred to as “discharge cutter bit”) 8 and the cutter bit The next cutter bit 8 positioned at the end of the mounting groove is in a state in which the concave and convex portions 30a and 30b are engaged with each other, and is separated from the boundary portion between the discharge cutter bit 8 and the next cutter bit 8 (hereinafter referred to as “ It is also assumed that “border cutting” is insufficient.
[0045]
The shield machine according to the third embodiment is provided with a cutter bit holding means 40A for elastically supporting or fixing the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a on the back side of the cutter pork 6 so as to smoothly cut the edge. It is something that can be done.
[0046]
More specifically, the cutter bit holding means 40A includes a locking block 12 disposed on the back side of the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a of the cutter pork 6, and the cutter bit mounting groove 6a from the central axis of the rotary cutter. The rod side is connected to the locking block 12 via the shaft 32a, and the bottom side is the cover 31 and the cover 31 so that it can swing within a surface extending in the radial direction along the axis (hereinafter referred to as "radiating surface"). A pair of cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A and 14A that are pivotally attached to the cutter spoke 6 via shafts 32b attached thereto to urge the locking block 12 forward, and are covered with a cover 36. It is arranged between the hydraulic cylinders 13A and 14A for fixing the cutter bit so as to be swingable within the radiation surface, and the rod side is provided with the bracket 33 and the shaft 37a. The cutter bit is returned to the locking block 12 and the bottom side is pivotally attached to the cutter spoke 6 via the bracket 34 and the shaft 37b, and urges the locking block 12 in the radial direction, that is, the rotary cutter center side. The hydraulic cylinder 35, the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A, 14A, and the cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder 35 are arranged in a hydraulic circuit (not shown), and the generated pressures of the hydraulic cylinders 13A, 14A, 35 are pushed out by the cutter bit. A first relief valve that holds the generated pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 19 lower than the pressure generated by the hydraulic cylinder 19, a second relief valve that holds the generated pressure of each hydraulic cylinder 13 A, 14 A, 35 at the maximum pressure, and between these relief valves A switching valve for switching the oil passage and a stopper for restricting the amount of outward movement of the locking block 12 in the radial direction And Ttaheddo external frame 4a, and a step portion 12c formed on the radially outer end of the rear portion of the locking block 12 so as to overlap with the distal end portion in the radial direction of the outer frame 4a. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0047]
In the shield machine according to the third embodiment, the return position of the locking block 12 by the cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder 35, that is, the cutter bit row, is the inside of the convex portion 30b of the cutter bit 8 located at the base end of the cutter bit mounting groove. The position does not interfere with the cylinder 16, and the position is set to be the stroke end of the hydraulic cylinder 35 for returning the cutter bit.
[0048]
Next, a method for exchanging the cutter bit of the shield machine by the apparatus of the present embodiment will be described based on FIG. 9 with reference to FIGS. During the excavation of the shield machine, the position of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 of the inner cylinder 16 with respect to the rotating body 3 is any one of the positions a, b, c and d (FIG. 2) between the cutter bit supply holes 3a. That is, the opening 16a of the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 is shielded by the inner peripheral surface of the rotating body 3, and is located at a position where watertightness between the rotating body 3 and the inner cylinder 16 is maintained. The hydraulic cylinder 24 is stopped, and the inner cylinder 16 and the rotating body 3 are locked and integrated by the hydraulic motor 24, whereby the inner cylinder 16 and the rotating body 3 rotate integrally.
[0049]
In order to replace the cutter bit, first, the rotation of the cutter head 4 is stopped, and then the cover 18 covering the cutter bit installation hole 17a of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 is opened, and the cutter bit installation hole 17a is opened. The new cutter bit 8A is set in the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17, and then the cutter bit installation hole 17a is closed again by the lid 18.
[0050]
Next, the hydraulic motor 24 is driven from the above state, the inner cylinder 16 is rotated relative to the rotating body 3 via the pinion 23 and the ring gear 22, and the opening 16a of the cutter bit accommodating chamber 17 and the cutter bit are to be exchanged. Alignment with the cutter bit supply hole 3a of the rotating body 3 connected to the cutter pork (for example, the cutter pork positioned immediately below) is performed.
[0051]
Subsequently, the hydraulic circuit of the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A, 14A and the cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder 35 is switched to the first relief valve side by the switching valve, and the generated pressure of each of these hydraulic cylinders 13A, 14A, 35 is cut. After setting the pressure to be lower than the pressure generated by the hydraulic cylinder 19 serving as the bit pushing means, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 19 serving as the cutter bit pushing means resists the urging force of each of the hydraulic cylinders 13A, 14A, and 35. The entire cutter bit string including the new cutter bit 8A is pushed radially outward by one or more cutter bits, and the old cutter bit 8 positioned at the end of the cutter bit mounting groove 6a is pushed outward. At that time, the step portion 12c of the locking block 12 is engaged with the outer frame 4a in the middle, and the movement of the locking block 12 in the radially outward direction is restricted. It continues until a predetermined stroke. For this reason, the cutter bit row moves relative to the locking block 12, and the locking block 12 resists the urging force of the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A and 14A by the wavy surface formed on the rear surface of the cutter bit row. When the relative movement of the corrugated surfaces exceeds one peak, the corrugated surface 12a of the locking block 12 and the corrugated surface formed on the rear surface of the cutter bit row are fitted and engaged again. At this stage, the hydraulic cylinder 19 is at the stroke end, and then starts to retract.
[0052]
Thereafter, as the hydraulic cylinder 19 is retracted, the locking block 12, that is, the cutter bit string, slides radially inward in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a to the stroke end by the return force of the cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder 35. .
[0053]
Further, if it is necessary to replace the old and new cutter bits in the same row, the cover 18 of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 is opened from the above state, and the new cutter bit 8A is inserted into the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 from the cutter bit installation hole 17a. Then, the cutter bit installation hole 17a is closed again by the lid 18, and then the old and new cutter bits are exchanged by the same procedure as described above. The above operation is repeated for the number of cutter bits that need to be replaced. The replacement of the new and old cutter bits of the other cutter spokes 6 is performed in the same procedure as described above.
[0054]
When all necessary cutter bits have been exchanged, the position of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 is the position between the adjacent cutter bit supply holes 3a (any one of positions a, b, c and d in FIG. 2). The hydraulic motor 24 is driven until the inner cylinder 16 is moved, the inner cylinder 16 is rotated relative to the rotating body 3 via the pinion 23 and the ring gear 22, and the opening 16 a of the cutter bit accommodation chamber 17 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the rotating body 3. In addition to shielding, the hydraulic circuit of the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A, 14A and the cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder 35 is switched to the second relief valve side, and the generated pressure of each of these hydraulic cylinders 13A, 14A, 35 is the maximum pressure. The position of the cutter bit string is fixed by hydraulic pressure.
[0055]
Thus, in the present embodiment, the cutter bit holding means 40A elastically supports or fixes the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a so as to be slidable. Even if the concave portion 30a and the convex portion 30b for aligning the cutter bit are provided on the inner peripheral side end face, the edge cutting with the discharge cutter bit can be performed smoothly.
[0056]
Embodiment 4 FIG.
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of the cutter bit holding means of the shield machine according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, parts corresponding to those of the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. Is attached. In this case as well, the description will be made with reference to FIGS.
[0057]
The shield machine according to the fourth embodiment is provided on the back side of the cutter pork 6 to simplify the cutter bit holding means 40B that elastically supports or fixes the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a. The rod pivoting portion of one cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinder 14A to the locking block 12 and the rod pivoting portion of the cutter bit returning hydraulic cylinder 35 to the locking block 12 are provided in a common bracket. 41, and a cover 42 covering them is also shared, and the bottom side of the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinder 14A is pivotally attached to the cutter spoke 6 via the common cover 42 and the shaft 32b attached thereto. The first and second releasers having different set pressures are different from those of the third embodiment described above. Procedures for other configurations and old cutter bit switch including a hydraulic circuit for selectively utilizing the valve is the same as that of the third embodiment described above, and includes all the functions of the third embodiment.
[0058]
Also in the shield machine according to the fourth embodiment, the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a can be slidably elastically supported or fixed by the cutter bit holding means 40B. Similarly to the above, the edge cutting with the discharge cutter bit can be performed smoothly, and the manufacturing is facilitated because the configuration is simplified.
[0059]
Embodiment 5. FIG.
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of the cutter bit holding means of the shield machine according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, parts corresponding to those of the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals. Is attached. In this case as well, the description will be made with reference to FIGS.
[0060]
The shield machine according to the fifth embodiment is further simplified in the cutter bit holding means 40C which is provided on the back side of the cutter pork 6 and elastically supports or fixes the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a. The cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder 35 used in the third and fourth embodiments is reduced, and the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A and 14A also have the function of a cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder. It was made to let you.
[0061]
That is, the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A, 14A and the covers 31A, 31A are all arranged obliquely so as to face the front and the central direction of the rotary cutter. The cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A and 14A have a rod side on the locking block 12 via a shaft 32a and a bottom side on the cover 31A and a shaft attached thereto so that the hydraulic cylinders 13A and 14A can swing within the radiation surface. The third and fourth embodiments described above are configured so as to be pivotally attached to the cutter spoke 6 through 32b and to urge the locking block 12, that is, the cutter bit row forward and toward the center of the rotary cutter. Other configurations including the hydraulic circuit that selectively uses the first and second relief valves having different set pressures, and the procedures for exchanging the old and new cutter bits are different from those of the embodiment, and the third and fourth embodiments described above are used. This is basically the same as that of the embodiment and has all the functions of the third embodiment.
[0062]
In the shield machine of the fifth embodiment, the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinders 13A and 14A are arranged as far as possible toward the center of the rotary cutter as long as a predetermined urging force is secured forward. It is desirable. That is, the step 12c of the locking block 12 is engaged with the outer frame 4a, and the locking block 12 is restricted from moving radially outward with respect to the locking block 12. What is necessary is just to install so that the urging | biasing force (restoring force) to radial inside may act.
[0063]
Also in the fifth embodiment, since the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove 6a can be slidably elastically supported or fixed by the cutter bit holding means 40C, the discharge is performed as in the third embodiment. The cutting with the cutter bit can be performed smoothly, and the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of hydraulic cylinders for returning the cutter bit.
[0064]
In each of the above-described embodiments, the present invention has been described by taking the earth pressure type shield machine as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is not limited to this, for example, a muddy type shield machine. Needless to say, it can also be applied to machines.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, at the time of tunnel excavation, the cutter bit accommodating chamber is positioned in a non-communication position with the cutter bit supply hole, and the cutter bit accommodating chamber is shielded by the rotating body. At the time of replacement, the cutter bit accommodating chamber and the cutter bit supply hole are made to communicate with each other, and a new cutter bit installed in the cutter bit accommodating chamber is inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove by the cutter bit pushing means, and this insertion pressure is used to insert the old cutter bit. Since the bit was pushed out of the shield machine from the outer periphery of the rotary cutter in the cutter bit mounting groove, it was sequentially replaced with a new cutter bit, so a new replacement bit was placed at the center of the cutter bit array arranged in the radial direction. Cutter bits can be set directly, and a single cutter bit accommodating chamber can be used for all cutter bit strings. We were able to. For this reason, the size can be reduced, and the number of required driving devices can be greatly reduced as compared with the conventional one, and the cost can be greatly reduced.
In addition, the cutter bit storage chamber is provided in the inner tube of the double pipe so that the opening of the cutter bit storage chamber can be shielded by the inner peripheral surface of the outer rotating body. Intrusion of drilling sludge, etc. could be prevented.
[0066]
Further, according to the present invention, when the tunnel is excavated, the cutter bit accommodation chamber is positioned at a non-communication position with the cutter bit supply hole, and the cutter bit accommodation chamber is shielded by the rotating body. The cutter bit push-out means inserts a new cutter bit installed in the cutter bit accommodation chamber in a state where the bit accommodation chamber communicates with the cutter bit supply hole and the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove is elastically supported by the cutter bit holding means. Is inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove, and this insertion pressure causes the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove to slide against the urging force of the cutter bit holding means, so that the old cutter bit is moved to the outer periphery of the rotating cutter in the cutter bit mounting groove. Sequentially replaced with new cutter bits by pushing out the shield machine from the side , The cutter bit string after the replacement since so as to return to the original position by the elastic force of the cutter bit holding means, it was possible to smoothly perform edge cutting of the cutter bit to discharge.
[0067]
Further, since the inner cylinder driving device is composed of a ring gear provided on one of the inner cylinder or the rotating body, a pinion provided on the other side and meshing with the ring gear, and a hydraulic motor that drives the pinion, Or an inner cylinder driving device that rotates the inner cylinder relative to the rotating body with ease.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing a central portion of a front end of a shield machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a front view of the shield machine according to the first embodiment viewed from the front in the traveling direction.
FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of the shield machine according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of a cutter bit fixing means of the shield machine according to the first embodiment.
6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG.
FIG. 7 is a rear view of the inner cylinder of the shield machine according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of a cutter bit fixing means of a shield machine according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of a cutter bit holding means of a shield machine according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of a cutter bit holding means of a shield machine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view showing details of a cutter bit holding means of a shield machine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
3 Rotating body
3a Cutter bit supply hole
4a Cutter head outer frame (stopper)
7 Rotating cutter
6 Kataspork
6a Cutter bit mounting groove
8,80 cutter bits
8A, 80A New cutter bit
11, 11A Cutter bit fixing means
12 Locking block
12c Step
13A, 14A Cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinder
16 inner cylinder
16a opening
17 Cutterbit storage room
17a Cutter bit installation hole
18 Lid
19, 19A Hydraulic cylinder (cutter bit pushing means)
21 Inner cylinder drive
22 Ring gear
23 Pinion
24 Hydraulic motor
35 Hydraulic cylinder for cutter bit return
40A, 40B, 40C Cutter bit holding means

Claims (7)

A cylindrical rotating body disposed at the center of the rotary cutter at the front end of the shield machine is provided with a plurality of cutter bit supply holes in the circumferential direction, and a cutter bit mounting groove extending in the radial direction is communicated with the cutter bit supply holes. An internal cylinder having a single cutter bit accommodation chamber that is selectively communicated with each cutter bit supply hole is provided in the rotary body so as to be relatively rotatable. A method of exchanging the cutter bit in the middle of tunnel excavation using a shield machine with a cutter bit pushing means provided in the inner cylinder,
At the time of tunnel excavation, the cutter bit accommodation chamber is positioned at a non-communication position with the cutter bit supply hole, and the cutter bit accommodation chamber is shielded by a rotating body,
When exchanging the cutter bit, the cutter bit accommodating chamber and the cutter bit supply hole are communicated, and a new cutter bit installed in the cutter bit accommodating chamber is inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove by the cutter bit pushing means, and this insertion pressure A method for exchanging a cutter bit for a shield machine, wherein the old cutter bit is sequentially replaced with a new cutter bit by pushing the old cutter bit out of the shield machine from the outer periphery of the rotary cutter in the cutter bit mounting groove. A cylindrical rotating body disposed at the center of the rotary cutter at the front end of the shield machine is provided with a plurality of cutter bit supply holes in the circumferential direction, and a cutter bit mounting groove extending in the radial direction is communicated with the cutter bit supply holes. An internal cylinder having a single cutter bit accommodation chamber that is selectively communicated with each cutter bit supply hole is provided in the rotary body so as to be relatively rotatable. In addition, a cutter bit pushing means is provided in the inner cylinder, and the cutter pork uses a shield machine that is provided with a cutter bit holding means that elastically supports or fixes the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove, A method of exchanging cutter bits during tunnel excavation,
At the time of tunnel excavation, the cutter bit accommodation chamber is positioned at a non-communication position with the cutter bit supply hole, and the cutter bit accommodation chamber is shielded by a rotating body,
When exchanging the cutter bit, the new cutter installed in the cutter bit accommodating chamber is in a state where the cutter bit accommodating chamber communicates with the cutter bit supply hole and the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove is elastically supported by the cutter bit holding means. The bit is inserted into the cutter bit mounting groove by the cutter bit pushing means, and the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove is slid against the urging force of the cutter bit holding means by this insertion pressure, and the old cutter bit is moved to the cutter bit. By pushing out from the outer circumference of the rotary cutter in the mounting groove to the outside of the shield machine, the cutter bits are sequentially replaced with new ones, and the replaced cutter bit train is returned to its original position by the elastic force of the cutter bit holding means. How to replace the cutter bit of the shield machine. A cylindrical rotating body having cutter bit supply holes through which the cutter bit can be inserted at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction and disposed at the center of the rotating cutter at the front end of the shield machine,
A cutter pork having a cutter bit mounting groove communicating with the cutter bit supply hole and extending in a radial direction, and fixed to the rotating body;
A cutter bit fixing means provided on the back side of the cutter pork for releasably fixing the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove;
A single cutter bit receiving chamber having an opening selectively matching each of the cutter bit supply holes and a cutter bit installation hole for installing a new cutter bit, and is relatively rotatable in the rotating body. An inner cylinder provided in
A lid provided in the cutter bit installation hole of the inner cylinder;
A cutter bit push-out means provided at the bottom of the cutter bit accommodation chamber so that a new cutter bit installed in the cutter bit accommodation chamber can be extruded radially outward;
An inner cylinder driving device that is interposed between the rotating body and the inner cylinder, integrates the inner cylinder with the rotating body, or drives the inner cylinder to rotate relative to the rotating body;
A cutter bit exchanging device for a shield machine, comprising: A cylindrical rotating body having cutter bit supply holes through which the cutter bit can be inserted at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction and disposed at the center of the rotating cutter at the front end of the shield machine,
A cutter pork having a cutter bit mounting groove communicating with the cutter bit supply hole and extending in a radial direction, and fixed to the rotating body;
A cutter bit holding means provided on the back side of the cutter spoke and elastically supporting or fixing the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove so as to be slidable;
A single cutter bit receiving chamber having an opening selectively matching each of the cutter bit supply holes and a cutter bit installation hole for installing a new cutter bit, and is relatively rotatable in the rotating body. An inner cylinder provided in
A lid provided in the cutter bit installation hole of the inner cylinder;
A cutter provided at the bottom of the cutter bit accommodation chamber so that a new cutter bit installed in the cutter bit accommodation chamber can be extruded radially outward together with the cutter bit row against the urging force of the cutter bit holding means. Bit extrusion means;
An inner cylinder driving device that is interposed between the rotating body and the inner cylinder, integrates the inner cylinder with the rotating body, or drives the inner cylinder to rotate relative to the rotating body;
A cutter bit exchanging device for a shield machine, comprising: Cutter bit holding means
A locking block disposed on the back side of the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove of the cutter pork;
The rod side and bottom side are pivotally attached to the locking block and the cutter pork, respectively, so that they can swing in a plane extending radially from the center axis of the rotary cutter along the axis of the cutter bit mounting groove. A hydraulic cylinder for fixing the cutter bit for urging the block for the front,
The rod side and bottom side are pivotally attached to the locking block and the cutter pork, respectively, so that they can swing in a plane extending radially from the center axis of the rotary cutter along the axis of the cutter bit mounting groove. A hydraulic cylinder for returning the cutter bit for urging the block in the radial direction;
A first relief valve disposed in the hydraulic circuit of the cutter bit fixing hydraulic cylinder and the cutter bit return hydraulic cylinder, and holding the generated pressure of each hydraulic cylinder at a pressure lower than the generated pressure of the cutter bit pushing means;
A second relief valve that is disposed in the hydraulic circuit and holds the generated pressure of each hydraulic cylinder at a maximum pressure;
A switching valve for switching an oil path between the first and second relief valves;
A stopper for restricting the amount of movement of the locking block radially outward;
5. The shield bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 4, wherein Cutter bit holding means
A locking block arranged on the back side of the cutter bit row in the cutter bit mounting groove of the cutter pork;
The rod side and bottom side are pivotally attached to the locking block and the cutter pork, respectively, so that they can swing in a plane extending radially from the center axis of the rotary cutter along the axis of the cutter bit mounting groove. A hydraulic cylinder for fixing the cutter bit that urges the block forward and toward the center of the rotary cutter;
A first relief valve disposed in the hydraulic circuit of the hydraulic cylinder for fixing the cutter bit and holding the generated pressure of the hydraulic cylinder at a pressure lower than the generated pressure of the cutter bit pushing means;
A second relief valve that is disposed in the hydraulic circuit and holds the generated pressure of each hydraulic cylinder at a maximum pressure;
A switching valve for switching an oil path between the first and second relief valves;
A stopper for restricting the amount of movement of the locking block radially outward;
5. The shield bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to claim 4, wherein 4. The inner cylinder driving device is constituted by a ring gear provided on one of the inner cylinder and the rotating body, a pinion provided on the other and meshing with the ring gear, and a hydraulic motor for driving the pinion. A cutter bit exchanging device for a shield machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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