JP4095049B2 - 電極気密封止を用いた高信頼性半導体装置 - Google Patents
電極気密封止を用いた高信頼性半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4095049B2 JP4095049B2 JP2004250443A JP2004250443A JP4095049B2 JP 4095049 B2 JP4095049 B2 JP 4095049B2 JP 2004250443 A JP2004250443 A JP 2004250443A JP 2004250443 A JP2004250443 A JP 2004250443A JP 4095049 B2 JP4095049 B2 JP 4095049B2
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Description
また、環境負荷をいかに低減するかという観点から、エレクトロニクスにおける実装基板などの多くの部品を接合した製品から部品を分解回収して、リサイクルすることが課題となっているが、アンダーフィル材を使用した場合、分解時にアンダーフィル材の除去が困難であった。
そこで、アンダーフィル材のごとき樹脂を使用せずに、半導体チップおよび配線基板上の電極の劣化を防止し、半導体チップと配線基板との間の熱応力を緩衝して、半導体装置の信頼性を確保する手段を検討する必要がある。
また、バンプ自体に弾力性を付与して熱応力を緩衝することも行われている。例えば、特開平11−214447号公報(特許文献2)や特開2001−156091号公報(特許文献3)には、ハンダバンプ内部にボイドを形成することによって熱応力を緩衝する構造が開示されている。特開平11−233669号公報(特許文献4)には、ポリイミドやアクリル等の感光樹脂よりなるコアにNiメッキ等を施したバンプを形成し、樹脂の弾力性を利用して熱応力を緩衝する構造が開示されている。特開2001−320148号公報(特許文献5)には、ハンダ接合部にU字型の弾性部材を用いて、集積回路と実装基板との間に発生する熱応力を緩衝する構造が開示されている。
同じ材質の基板同士を接合する場合(例えば、Siチップ同士を接合する場合やSiチップをSiインターポーザ基板へ実装する場合)には、熱応力の発生を考慮する必要はないが、異なる材質の基板を接合する場合(例えば、Siチップをプリント配線基板の樹脂基板へ実装する場合)、バンプレス構造において接合部にかかる応力は2つの基板の両者の変形により緩衝することとなるため、基板自体が弾力性を有するように基板をできる限り薄型化する。
現在、厚さ50μmの薄型Siウェハーが大量生産され、さらに30μm以下の厚さのウェハーが開発されている。
さらに、エレクトロニクスの分野において、リペア、リワークという歩留りの向上に関わる短期的視点からの課題およびリサイクル、リユースといった循環経済社会における製造業の根幹に関わる長期的な視点からの課題として、分離可能な実装技術の開発が重要視されつつあるが、従来の実装技術では、半導体チップの電極と配線基板の電極とを接合することによって半導体装置を作製しているので、半導体チップを配線基板から分離したときに電極が破損して、半導体チップや配線基板を再利用することが困難であった。
第1の基板上に形成された1または複数の電極の各々が第2の基板上に形成された対応する1または複数の電極の各々に電気的接続し、
枠構造が第1および第2の基板上に形成された電極を取り囲み、これによってこれらの電極が気密封止され、
第1の基板と第2の基板とが枠構造を介して接合されている半導体装置を提供する。
本発明において「真空」とは、大気圧よりも低い圧力状態を意味する。また、「不活性ガス」として、アルゴン等の希ガスが挙げられる。
さらに、本発明の半導体装置は、枠構造が第1の基板および第2の基板の少なくとも一方の基板に分離可能に接合されていることを特徴とする。
また、上記したごとく、本発明の半導体装置において、電極が枠構造により気密封止されているので、半導体チップの電極と配線基板の電極とが単に接触によって電気的接続されている場合であっても、酸素や水分によって電極の接触部が劣化して電気的接続が破壊されることがない。
本発明において、電気的接続を接触により達成しているので、接触抵抗を下げるために、接触表面上の酸化物や吸着した有機物等を除去して、接触表面を清浄化することが有効である。
清浄化すべき接触表面に、真空中でプラズマ、加速したイオンビームや高速原子ビーム(FAB)またはラジカルビームやレーザなどのエネルギー波を照射することによって、酸化物や有機物等を除去する。この清浄化処理は、真空中で上記エネルギー波を所定の領域に照射することができる装置であればいずれの装置を用いても行うことができる。
一方、本発明による半導体装置は、枠構造を基板に接合するため、バンプ高さにバラツキがあると、充分な気密封止を確保しつつ、バンプと対応する電極との電気的接続を達成することができない。しかしながら、枠構造とバンプとではパターンが異なるため、平坦化処理でそれらの高さを揃えることが困難である。さらに、1の基板上で枠構造とバンプの高さを揃えることができたとしても、他方の基板上の電極表面と枠構造に対応するパターン面の高さに差異があれば、枠構造とバンプの高さを理想的な高さに揃えて、充分な気密封止および確実な電気的接続を達成することは困難である。
また、本発明によれば、枠構造を基板に接合すると、弾力性を有するバンプは圧縮されて対応する電極に接触するので、バンプを対応する電極に接合しなくても、電気的接続を達成することが可能である。なお、枠構造を基板に接合することによって半導体装置を構成するので、従来の半導体装置のようにバンプを対応する電極に接合しなくても、半導体装置を構成することができる。
この実施形態においては、枠構造と電極の高さを化学的機械研磨等の技術を用いて平坦化処理で揃えることができるので、充分な気密封止を確保しつつ、確実な電気的接続を達成することが可能である。
さらに、電極同士を接合せずに電極間の接触だけで電気的接続を達成し、さらに、上記の枠構造を分離可能に基板に接合するので、基板の分離が容易になり、再利用が可能となる。
本発明による第1の実施形態の半導体装置は、第1の基板を第2の基板に実装することによって作製され、第1の基板上に形成された電極と第2の基板上に形成された電極とが、バンプを介して電気的接続していることを特徴とする。
図1(a)に示すように、半導体チップ1のSi基板10上には、通常の材料および方法を用いて、1または複数の電極11およびその他の回路(図示せず)が形成されている。
図1(b)に示すように、インターポーザ2のSi基板20上には、1または複数の電極21およびその他の回路(図示せず)が形成されている。さらに、1または複数の電極21を取り囲む枠構造23が形成されている。
図2に示すように、1または複数の電極21の各々には弾力性を有するバンプ22が接合されている。Si基板10上に形成された複数の電極11の配置はSi基板20上に形成された複数の電極の配置と対応しているので、枠構造23をSi基板10に接合して半導体チップ1をインターポーザ2に実装すると、Si基板10上に形成された1または複数の電極11の各々がSi基板20上に形成された対応するバンプ22の表面に接触して、電気的接続が達成される。
ここで、「対応する」とは、第1の基板を第2の基板に実装したとき、第1の基板上に形成された電極と第2の基板上に形成された電極とが電気的接続し得る位置関係にあることをいう。
図3(a)は、1つの具体例としてクランク形状のばね構造体を有するばねバンプ221を示しているが、U字型やらせん状のばね構造体を用いることができる。図3(b)は、樹脂コアバンプの1つの具体例を示す。樹脂コアバンプ222は、樹脂コア222aを電極21上に配置し、その上に導電性被膜222bを形成して電気的接続を可能とする。また、図3(c)は、樹脂コアバンプのもう一つの具体例を示す。この樹脂コアバンプ223は、複数の樹脂ビーズ223aが導電体223b中に分散した構造を有している。図3(d)は、中空バンプの1つの具体例を示す。この中空バンプ224は、導電体のバンプの内部にボイドが形成された構造を有している。
枠構造23の接合は、加熱接合、常温接合等の技術を用いて適宜行うことができる。例えば、枠構造23をNiメッキにより形成した場合、ハンダ付けによりSi基板10に接合することができる。
すなわち、本発明において、バンプのばね定数が1000N/m以下であることが好ましい。
バンプのばね定数が小さいことにより、半導体チップを配線基板に実装してバンプを圧縮したとき、バンプの反作用により半導体チップおよび配線基板上に形成された電極に加わる応力を低減できるので、電極下部に形成された配線層にダメージを与えることがなく、半導体装置の信頼性をさらに向上させることができる。
電極の周囲は真空であるかまたは電極と反応しないガス雰囲気であるので、電極が劣化して、電気的接続が破壊されることがない。
これにより、電極間の接触抵抗が低減される。
本発明による第2の実施形態の半導体装置は、第1の基板を第2の基板に実装することによって作製され、第1の基板上に形成された電極と第2の基板上に形成された電極とが、バンプレス構造により電気的接続していることを特徴とする。
図4に示すように、半導体チップ1のSi基板10上には、通常の材料および方法を用いて、1または複数の電極11およびその他の回路が形成されている。より具体的には、Si基板10上には、半導体素子の配線層16が形成され、その上に絶縁層17が形成されている。さらに、この上に導電金属等よりなる接地配線層18が形成されている。
絶縁層17および接地配線層18には、配線層16に達するスルーホールが形成され、このスルーホール内に形成された接続配線により電極11は配線層16と電気的接続している。
これらの枠構造13は、Sn、Pb、Auまたはそれらの合金、Cu、またはNi等、メッキで厚膜形成できる材料で形成することができる。
また、枠構造13の表面を接合しやすい材料で被覆することもできる。
電極の周囲は真空であるかまたは電極と反応しないガス雰囲気であるので、電極が劣化して、電気的接触が破壊されることがない。
10・・・Si基板、
11・・・電極、
13・・・枠構造、
16・・・配線層、
17・・・絶縁層、
18・・・接地配線層、
2・・・インターポーザ、
20・・・Si基板、
21・・・電極、
22・・・バンプ、
221・・・ばねバンプ、
222、223・・・樹脂コアバンプ、
224・・・中空バンプ、
23・・・枠構造、
24・・・中間層、
25・・・保護膜、
26・・・配線層、
27・・・絶縁層、
28・・・接地配線層、
30・・・空間。
Claims (5)
- 1または複数の電極および第1の枠構造が形成された第1の基板と、1または複数の電極および第2の枠構造が形成された第2の基板とを含み、
第1の枠構造は第1の基板に形成された1または複数の電極を取り囲み、第2の枠構造は第2の基板に形成された1または複数の電極を取り囲み、
第1の枠構造および第2の枠構造は、Sn、Pb、Auまたはそれらの合金、Cu、またはNiで形成され、
第1の枠構造と第2の枠構造とが接合され、
第1の枠構造と第2の枠構造との接合により、第1の基板が第2の基板に実装され、
第1の基板上に形成された1または複数の電極の各々と第2の基板上に形成された対応する1または複数の電極の各々とが、バンプを用いずに直接接触することによって電気的接続され、
第1の基板および第2の基板に形成された1または複数の電極が、第1の枠構造と第2の枠構造とが接合されて形成された構造の内部に気密封止されている半導体装置。 - 第1の枠構造と第2の枠構造とが接合されて形成された構造の内部が真空である請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 第1の枠構造と第2の枠構造とが接合されて形成された構造の内部に窒素または不活性ガスまたはそれらの混合物のいずれかが封止されている請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 第1の基板上に形成された1または複数の電極の各々と第2の基板上に形成された対応する1または複数の電極の各々とが接合されることなく、電極同士の接触によって電気的接続が達成されている請求項1記載の半導体装置。
- 第1の基板および第2の基板上に形成された電極の表面上の酸化物および有機物が除去されている請求項1記載の半導体装置。
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US11/212,912 US7301243B2 (en) | 2004-08-30 | 2005-08-29 | High-reliable semiconductor device using hermetic sealing of electrodes |
TW094129679A TWI280652B (en) | 2004-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | High-reliable semiconductor device using hermetic sealing of electrodes |
CNB2005100976217A CN100401504C (zh) | 2004-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | 使用电极气密密封的高可靠性半导体装置 |
KR1020050080144A KR100743272B1 (ko) | 2004-08-30 | 2005-08-30 | 전극 기밀 밀봉을 이용한 고신뢰성 반도체 장치 |
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CN106298559A (zh) * | 2016-09-23 | 2017-01-04 | 上海斐讯数据通信技术有限公司 | 一种集成芯片封装方法及其封装结构、一种电子产品 |
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US8513810B2 (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2013-08-20 | Nec Corporation | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing same |
KR102535502B1 (ko) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-05-26 | 주식회사 파크시스템 | Fpcb를 이용한 bga 패키지 리워크 방법 |
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CN100401504C (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
KR20060050837A (ko) | 2006-05-19 |
TW200623371A (en) | 2006-07-01 |
US20060043604A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
TWI280652B (en) | 2007-05-01 |
US7301243B2 (en) | 2007-11-27 |
JP2006066808A (ja) | 2006-03-09 |
KR100743272B1 (ko) | 2007-07-26 |
CN1744304A (zh) | 2006-03-08 |
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