JP3669878B2 - Sorting machine - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sorter that sorts a mixed object composed of a plurality of types of objects having at least different particle sizes for each type of object.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, metal and plastic composites such as toothpaste tubes (laminate tubes), liquid milk containers for coffee, or aluminum caps for bottles, etc., were crushed into mixed pulverized products (mixed objects) of metal and plastic. After that, it is separated into metal and plastic through a sorter and reused or properly disposed of.
[0003]
As a sorter for separating the mixed object of metal and plastic into metal and plastic, respectively, a vibrating screen type or an air table type is adopted.
[0004]
The vibrating screen type sorter puts the mixed object pulverized by the pulverizer in the previous step onto a fine mesh screen used according to the particle size, vibrates the screen, and remains on the screen. It is comprised so that it may isolate | separate into the object and the object which passes a screen and is stored under a screen. Usually, in a composite pulverized by a pulverizer, the metal has a fine particle size, and the plastic has a coarse particle size and becomes fluffy (cotton-like). For this reason, the screen is made into a mesh shape through which metal can pass, the metal is stored under the screen among the mixed objects put on the screen, and the plastic is left on the screen, so that both are selected.
[0005]
As shown in FIG. 6, the air table type sorter includes an inclined screen 51, a blower 52 disposed below the screen 51, and a space between the screen 51 and the blower 52. And a rectifying grid 53 disposed on the surface. The mixed object is put on the upper surface of the screen 51, the screen 51 is vibrated to move the mixed object upward, and the blower 52 is operated to blow up air from below the screen 51. Thus, an object having a low specific gravity, such as plastic, blows upward, slides downward along the inclined surface, and is discharged from a discharge port (plastic discharge port) 54 at the lower end of the screen 51. On the other hand, a heavy object such as metal moves upward along the inclined surface under the vibration of the screen 51 and is discharged from a discharge port (metal-side discharge port) 55 at the upper end of the screen. In this way, both are separated.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the vibration screen type sorter, it is necessary to use a fine mesh-like screen that does not allow the plastic crushed in the previous process to pass through, so that the screen is clogged and the sorting efficiency is poor. There is a problem. Further, since the mixed object is sorted only by the difference in particle size between metal and plastic, there is a problem that the sorting accuracy is low.
[0007]
On the other hand, in the air table type sorter, the crushed object is swollen by the air flow from the blower, so there is a problem that a dust collection processing facility is required, and the metal entangled in the plastic is in the air flow. There is a problem of being discharged and discharged from the discharge port 54 on the plastic side.
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and does not cause clogging or dust, and can sort and sort a plurality of types of mixed objects reliably with a simple configuration. The purpose is to provide a machine.
[0009]
[Means for solving the problems and actions / effects]
In order to achieve the above-described object, a sorting machine according to the present invention is a sorting machine that sorts a mixed object composed of a plurality of types of objects having at least different particle sizes for each type of object.
(A) a trough that vibrates to convey the mixed object placed on the upper surface in a downstream direction;
(B) an insertion port disposed at an upstream end of the trough and having a width sufficiently smaller than the trough width;
(C) a first discharge port disposed at a downstream end of the trough facing the input port and having a width slightly larger than the width of the input port;
(D) a second discharge port disposed at a downstream end of the trough and at a portion other than the first discharge port;
(E) independent of the trough, provided substantially in the middle of the trough, having a width larger than that of the first discharge port, and its lower end surface intermittently contacting the upper surface of the trough by vibration of the trough And a damming plate to be supported.
[0010]
In the present invention, a mixed object composed of at least a plurality of types of objects having different particle sizes is input from the input port onto the trough, and the mixed object is conveyed to the downstream side while forming upper and lower layers for each object by the vibration of the trough. The Of these mixed objects, an object with a fine particle size forms a lower layer, and an object with a coarse particle size forms an upper layer. The mixed object stays in a state where the lower end surface of the damming plate is in contact with the upper surface of the trough due to the damming plate that intermittently contacts the upper surface of the trough by vibration. Thereafter, when the lower end surface of the damming plate is detached from the upper surface of the trough, only the lower layer object moves forward toward the first discharge port disposed at the position opposite to the input port. On the other hand, the upper layer cannot always pass through the lower end surface of the damming plate, stays as it is, overflows from both sides (or one side) of the damming plate, and advances toward the second discharge port. .
[0011]
In this way, fine-grained objects are sorted and collected from the first outlet, and coarse-grained objects are sorted and collected from the second outlet. The objects collected in this way are either reused or disposed of appropriately.
[0012]
According to the present invention, it is possible to sort and collect the mixed objects for each object with a very simple configuration and not to cause clogging or dust, which has been a problem in the past. There exists an effect that it can reduce.
[0013]
In addition, in the present invention, not only the particle size difference of each object in the mixed object but also the specific gravity difference has an effect, and when separating objects having different particle sizes and specific gravity, each object is clearly separated into upper and lower layers during transportation. Therefore, compared with the conventional vibrating screen type | mold sorter isolate | separated and sorted only by a particle size difference, there exists an effect that a sorting precision can be improved. This is particularly effective when separating and collecting a mixed object of an object having a fine particle size and a heavy specific gravity and an object having a coarse particle size and a light specific gravity.
[0014]
In the present invention, it is preferable that the damming plate is erected so as to extend along the width direction of the trough and to be inclined at a predetermined angle toward the downstream side in the transport direction with respect to the vertical surface . By doing so, there is an effect that an object that cannot pass through the lower end surface of the damming plate can be smoothly conveyed downstream along the inclined damming plate.
[0015]
FIG. 1 shows a side view of a sorter 1 according to one embodiment of the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 shows a view taken in the direction of arrow A in FIG.
[0016]
In the sorting machine 1 of the present embodiment, a substantially rectangular trough 3 having girder 2 on three sides except one on the downstream side is supported by a vibration-proof spring 5 installed in a vertical direction at four corners of a gantry 4. Has been configured.
[0017]
One vibration motor 6a, 6b is installed on each of the left and right sides in the longitudinal direction slightly below the center of the trough 3 and on the left and right sides in the longitudinal direction. The rotation shafts of the vibration motors 6a and 6b have an angle γ with respect to the vertical direction. When the vibration motors 6a and 6b are rotated in opposite directions and automatically synchronized, the trough 3 is horizontal. Oscillates linearly in the direction of angle γ (arrow B in FIG. 1).
[0018]
FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the trough 3. FIG. 4 shows a plan view (a) and a cross-sectional view (b) for explaining the conveyance state of the mixed object M. At the upstream end of the upper surface 7 of the trough 3, there is provided an inlet 8 through which the mixed object M pulverized by a pulverizer (not shown) in the previous process is introduced into the upper surface 7. The insertion port 8 is disposed on the center line in the transport direction of the upper surface 7 of the trough 3, and the width W ₁ of the insertion port 8 is sufficiently smaller than the width W _{2 of the} trough 3. The mixed object M is a pulverized product of a composite material of metal and plastic, such as a toothpaste tube (laminate tube), a liquid milk container for coffee, or an aluminum cap of a bottle. When this composite material is pulverized by a pulverizer, the particle size of the metal K in the mixed object M is fine, and the plastic P is coarse and fluffy (cotton-like). Further, the metal K has a property that the specific gravity is heavier than that of the plastic P.
[0019]
Further, at the downstream end of the upper surface 7 of the trough 3 and at a position opposite to the charging port 8, there is a first discharge port 9 through which the metal K having a fine particle size and a heavy specific gravity in the mixed object M is discharged. Is provided. The width W ₃ of the first outlet 9 is slightly larger than the width W _{1 of the} inlet 8. Further, at the downstream end of the upper surface 7 and at portions other than the first discharge port 9, in other words, at the left and right side portions of the first discharge port 9, the plastic P having a coarse particle size and a low specific gravity in the mixed object M is provided. Is provided with a second outlet 10.
[0020]
An arm 12 is pivotally attached to a connecting member 11a for connecting a support member 11 disposed on the left and right sides of the trough 3 from the substantially middle position of the gantry 4 and upward. The plate 13 is fixed. The dam plate 13 has a substantially rectangular shape having a width W ₄ slightly larger than the width W ₃ of the first discharge port 9, and the lower end surface of the dam plate 13 is caused by the vibration of the trough 3. It is configured to intermittently contact a position downstream of the middle of the upper surface 7. The damming plate 13 is disposed between the insertion port 8 and the first discharge port 9, and the left and right side portions 13 a thereof are opposed to the second discharge port 10.
[0021]
In the sorter 1 configured as described above, the mixed object M pulverized by the pulverizer in the previous step is charged into the upper surface 7 of the trough 3 from the charging port 8. The trough 3 is vibrated in the direction of arrow B (see FIG. 1) by vibration motors 6a and 6b, and the mixed object M is conveyed toward the downstream side.
[0022]
The mixed object M is conveyed to the downstream side substantially linearly by vibration, and as it is conveyed to the downstream side, the plastic P having a coarse particle size and light specific gravity is in the upper layer, and the metal K having a fine particle size and heavy specific gravity is It is stratified in the lower layer. Thus, the mixed object M stays in a state where the lower end surface of the damming plate 13 is in contact with the upper surface 7 of the trough 3 by the damming plate 13 that intermittently contacts the upper surface 7 of the trough 3 by vibration. Thereafter, when the lower end surface of the damming plate 13 is separated from the upper surface 7 of the trough 3, only the lower metal K advances toward the first discharge port 9. On the other hand, the upper-layer plastic P cannot always pass through the lower end surface of the damming plate 13, stays as it is, overflows from the left and right side portions 13 a of the damming plate 13, and moves toward the second discharge port 10. And move forward.
[0023]
Thus, of the mixed object M introduced from the introduction port 8, the metal K passes through the lower end surface of the damming plate 13, and the plastic P is transferred from the first discharge port 9 to the left and right side portions 13 a of the damming plate 13. And collected through the second outlet 10. The recovered metal K and plastic P are each reused or appropriately disposed.
[0024]
According to the present embodiment, clogging and dust, which have been regarded as problems in the past, are not generated, so that the frequency of maintenance and failure can be reduced, and the apparatus configuration can be greatly simplified.
[0025]
According to the present embodiment, the metal K and the plastic P are separated and sorted by the particle size difference when processed by the pulverizer in the previous process and the specific gravity difference of each, so that they are separated and sorted only by the particle size difference. Compared with the conventional vibrating screen type sorter, the sorting accuracy can be improved.
[0026]
FIG. 5A shows a top view of the trough 3 of the sorter 1 ′ according to the modification of the present embodiment. In the sorter 1 ′ of this modification, the arrangement state of the inlet 8 ′, the first outlet 9 ′, the second outlet 10 ′, and the blocking plate 13 ′ provided on the upper surface 7 ′ of the trough 3 is different. There is no difference from the previous embodiment. Therefore, the detailed description of the parts common to the previous embodiment will be omitted.
[0027]
In the sorting machine 1 ′ of this modification, the girder 2a disposed at the upstream end of the upper surface 7 ′ of the trough 3 and one of the two girders 2b and 2c disposed in the transport direction (girder 2b ) And a corner 8 formed with a width W ₁ ′, and a downstream end portion of the upper surface 7 ′ facing the inlet 8 has a particle size in the mixed object M. A first discharge port 9 ′ is provided through which the metal K having a small and heavy specific gravity is discharged. The width W ₃ ′ of the first outlet 9 ′ is slightly larger than the width W ₁ ′ of the inlet 8 ′. Further, the downstream end portion of the upper surface 7 ′ and the portion other than the first discharge port 9 ′ are a second discharge port 10 ′ from which the plastic P having a coarse particle size and a low specific gravity in the mixed object M is discharged. Has been.
[0028]
Further, the damming plate 13 ′ that is intermittently brought into contact with the downstream side of the upper surface 7 ′ by the vibration of the trough 3 has an angle θ (provided that θ> 90 ° with respect to the conveyance direction of the mixed object M). ). The width W ₄ ′ of the damming plate 13 ′ is sufficiently larger than the width W ₃ ′ of the first discharge port 9 ′, and the second discharge port 10 ′ side portion 13 b of the damming plate 13 ′ is the first. It is made to be located in the 2nd discharge port 10 'side from the boundary part 14 of 1 discharge port 9' and 2nd discharge port 10 '. The damming plate 13 ′ is fixed to one end of an arm 12 pivotally attached to 11 a connecting the support member 11.
[0029]
In the sorter 1 ′ configured as described above, as illustrated in FIG. 5B, an explanatory diagram for explaining the conveyance state of the mixed object M is shown. While being conveyed downstream along the girder 2b, the plastic P having a coarse particle size and light specific gravity is formed in the upper layer and the metal K having a fine particle size and heavy specific gravity is formed in the lower layer as it is conveyed downstream. Thus, the mixed object M is in a state where the lower end surface of the damming plate 13 ′ is in contact with the upper surface 7 ′ of the trough 3 by the damming plate 13 ′ that intermittently contacts the upper surface 7 ′ of the trough 3 by vibration. Stay. Thereafter, when the lower end surface of the damming plate 13 ′ is detached from the upper surface 7 ′ of the trough 3, only the lower layer metal K advances toward the first discharge port 9 ′ along the girder 2b. On the other hand, the upper-layer plastic P cannot always pass through the lower end surface of the damming plate 13 ', stays as it is, overflows from the second discharge port side portion 13b of the damming plate 13', Advance toward the outlet 10 '.
[0030]
In the present modification, the damming plate 13 'is arranged so as to be inclined at an angle θ with respect to the conveying direction, so that the dammed upper plastic P is smoothly conveyed to the second discharge port side. The metal K and the plastic P can be separated and sorted easily and reliably.
[0031]
In each of the embodiments, a weight is attached to the end of the arm 12 opposite to the end to which the damming plate 13 (13 ′) is connected, and the lower end surface of the damming plate 13 (13 ′) The contact time with the upper surface 7 (7 ′) of the trough 3 and the separation time can be adjusted. By adjusting the time in this way, the time for the metal K to pass through the lower end surface of the damming plate 13 (13 ′) is increased or the damming plate 13 (13) according to the mixing state and shape of the mixed substance M. It is possible to increase the staying time by ') and to improve the processing efficiency.
[0032]
In each of the above embodiments, it is also possible to adjust the vibration angle and amplitude of the trough 3 by adjusting the rotational speed of the vibration motors 6a and 6b and the angle of the rotation shaft. By such adjustment, the conveyance speed of the mixed substance M can be adjusted, and the processing speed can be improved according to the mixed state and shape of the mixed substance M.
[0033]
In each of the embodiments, the mixed object M is separated and selected by one dam plate 13 (13 ′). However, the dam plate 13 (13 ′) is arranged in a plurality of stages to perform the separation operation. May be performed multiple times. In this way, it is possible to select a mixed object composed of two or more types of objects and improve the selection efficiency.
[0034]
In addition, the sorter of each of the above embodiments can be used not only for sorting between metal and plastic but also for separating and sorting other mixed objects as long as the difference in specific gravity and particle size is similar. it can.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a sorter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view taken in the direction of arrow A in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the trough of the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a plan view (a) and a cross-sectional view (b) illustrating a conveyance state of a mixed object.
FIG. 5 is a top view (a) of a trough of a sorter according to a modification of the present embodiment and an explanatory diagram (b) for explaining a conveyance state of a mixed object.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a conventional air table type sorter.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 1 'sorter 2, 2a, 2b, 2c girder 3 trough 4 mount 5 anti-vibration springs 6a, 6b vibration motors 7, 7' upper surface 8, 8 'loading port 9, 9' first discharge port 10, 10 ' 2nd discharge port 11 Support member 11a Connecting member 12 Arm 13, 13 'Damping plate 14 Boundary part 51 Screen 52 Blower 53 Rectification grid 54 Plastic side discharge port 55 Metal side discharge port

Claims (2)

In a sorter that sorts a mixed object composed of a plurality of types of objects having at least different particle sizes for each type of object,
(A) a trough that vibrates to convey the mixed object placed on the upper surface in a downstream direction;
(B) an insertion port disposed at an upstream end of the trough and having a width sufficiently smaller than the trough width;
(C) a first discharge port disposed at a downstream end of the trough facing the input port and having a width slightly larger than the width of the input port;
(D) a second discharge port disposed at a downstream end of the trough and at a portion other than the first discharge port;
(E) independent of the trough, provided substantially in the middle of the trough, having a width larger than that of the first discharge port, and its lower end surface intermittently contacting the upper surface of the trough by vibration of the trough And a damming plate to be supported. The sorter according to claim 1, wherein the damming plate is erected so as to extend along a width direction of the trough and to be inclined at a predetermined angle toward the downstream side in the transport direction with respect to a vertical plane .

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