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JP3598057B2 - Multilayer piezoelectric element and injection device - Google Patents

Multilayer piezoelectric element and injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3598057B2
JP3598057B2 JP2000363698A JP2000363698A JP3598057B2 JP 3598057 B2 JP3598057 B2 JP 3598057B2 JP 2000363698 A JP2000363698 A JP 2000363698A JP 2000363698 A JP2000363698 A JP 2000363698A JP 3598057 B2 JP3598057 B2 JP 3598057B2
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external electrode
electrode
external
piezoelectric element
piezoelectric
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JP2002171003A (en
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成信 中村
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、積層型圧電素子および噴射装置に関し、例えば、自動車用燃料噴射装置、光学装置等の精密位置決め装置や振動防止用の駆動素子等に用いられる積層型圧電素子および噴射装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来技術】
従来より、積層型圧電素子としては、圧電体と内部電極を交互に積層した積層型圧電アクチュエータが知られている。積層型圧電アクチュエータには、同時焼成タイプと、圧電磁器と内部電極板を交互に積層したスタックタイプの2種類に分類されており、低電圧化、製造コスト低減の面から考慮すると、同時焼成タイプの積層型圧電アクチュエータが薄層化に対して有利であるために、その優位性を示しつつある。
【0003】
図6は、従来の積層型圧電アクチュエータを示すもので、このアクチュエータでは、圧電体51と内部電極52が交互に積層されて柱状積層体53が形成され、その積層方向における最外層は不活性層55とされている。内部電極52は、その一方の端部が左右交互に絶縁体61で被覆され、その上から帯状外部電極70が内部電極52と左右各々一層おきに導通するように形成されている。帯状外部電極70上には、さらにリード線76が半田77により固定されている。
【0004】
ところで、近年においては、小型の圧電アクチュエータで大きな圧力下において大きな変位量を確保するため、より高い電界を印加し、長期間連続駆動させることが行われている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記した圧電アクチュエータでは、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合、圧電体間に形成された内部電極と正極、負極用の外部電極との間で剥離が発生し、一部の圧電体に電圧供給されなくなり、駆動中に変位特性が変化するという問題があった。
【0006】
例えば、特開平4−237172号公報には、アクチュエータ本体の側面に露出した内部電極の端部が、一層おきにガラスからなる絶縁層で被覆され、内部電極とその上下の圧電体が強固に接合されており、この絶縁層が外部電極の凹部内に収容されて、外部電極と内部電極との絶縁性が確保された積層型圧電アクチュエータが開示されているが、このような圧電アクチュエータでは、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合、ガラスからなる絶縁層に割れが生じ、この割れを介して内部電極と外部電極との間でショートが発生し、一部の圧電体に電圧が供給されなくなり、駆動中に変位特性が変化するという問題があった。
【0007】
即ち、アクチュエータ本体は、圧電体と内部電極との積層方向に伸縮するため、内部電極の端部およびその近傍の圧電体に設けられた高ヤング率のガラスからなる絶縁層が、長期間連続駆動による伸縮動作に耐えきれずに破壊され、この破壊部分を介して内部電極と外部電極間でショートが発生し易いという問題があった。
【0008】
本発明は、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合でも、外部電極と内部電極とが断線することがなく、耐久性に優れた積層型圧電素子および噴射装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の積層型圧電素子は、複数の圧電体と複数の内部電極とを交互に積層して形成された柱状積層体と、該柱状積層体の側面に設けられ、前記内部電極が一層おきに交互に接続された一対の外部電極とを具備してなる積層型圧電素子であって、前記外部電極がコイル状弾性部材からなるものである。
【0010】
本発明の積層型圧電素子では、外部電極をコイル状弾性部材で形成しているため、高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合でも、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極がアクチュエータの伸縮に追従し、外部電極と内部電極とが断線するといった問題が生じるのを防ぐことができ、耐久性を大幅に向上できる。
【0011】
ここで、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極の積層方向の繰り返し周期が、圧電体厚みと内部電極厚みの和の2倍とほぼ等しいことが望ましい。この場合には、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極と、一層おきに同一の極となる内部電極との接点が確実に形成され、外部電極と内部電極とを電気的に確実に接続することができる。
【0012】
また、本発明では、外部電極が複数個のコイル状弾性部材からなることが望ましい。この場合には、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極と内部電極との接点数を増やすことができ、アクチュエータに大電流を投入し、高速で駆動させる場合においても、該外部電極と内部電極の間の接点不良を防ぐことができ、高信頼性のアクチュエータを提供することができる。
【0013】
さらに、本発明では、柱状積層体が多角柱状であり、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極の内部電極が接続される部分に平坦部を有することが望ましい。この場合には、コイル状弾性部材の平坦部と、柱状積層体の側面に露出した内部電極との接続面積が増加し、アクチュエータを連続で高速駆動する場合にも、該外部電極と内部電極とを確実に接続できる。
【0014】
さらに本発明では、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極が、積層方向に対して傾斜した状態で柱状積層体に設けられていることが望ましい。この場合には、外部電極の積層方向に垂直な断面積を小さくすることができ、外部電極の体積を小さくすることができ、小型の積層型圧電素子を得ることができる。
【0015】
本発明の噴射装置は、噴射孔を有する収納容器と、該収納容器内に収容された上記積層型圧電素子と、該積層型圧電素子の駆動により前記噴射孔から液体を噴出させるバルブとを具備するものである。
【0016】
このような噴射装置では、上記したように、積層型圧電素子自体において外部電極と内部電極との断線を防止でき、耐久性を大幅に向上できるため、噴射装置の耐久性をも向上できる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の積層型圧電アクチュエータからなる積層型圧電素子の一実施例を示すもので、(a)は斜視図、(b)は(a)のA−A線に沿った縦断面図である。
【0018】
積層型圧電アクチュエータは、図1に示すように、複数の圧電体1と複数の内部電極2とを交互に積層してなる四角柱状の柱状積層体1aの側面において、内部電極2の端部を一層おきに絶縁体3で被覆し、絶縁体3で被覆していない内部電極2の端部をコイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4の各々に接続し、各外部電極4にリード線6を接続固定して構成されている。
【0019】
圧電体1は、例えば、チタン酸ジルコン酸鉛Pb(Zr,Ti)O(以下PZTと略す)、或いはチタン酸バリウムBaTiOを主成分とする圧電セラミック材料等で形成されている。この圧電セラミックスは、その圧電特性を示す圧電歪み定数d33が高いものが望ましい。
【0020】
また、圧電体1の厚み、つまり内部電極2間の距離は50〜250μmが望ましい。これは、積層型圧電アクチュエータは電圧を印加してより大きな変位量を得るために、積層数を増加させる方法がとられるが、積層数を増加させた場合に圧電体1の厚みが厚すぎるとアクチュエータの小型化、低背化ができなくなり、一方、圧電体1の厚みが薄すぎると絶縁破壊しやすいからである。
【0021】
圧電体1の間には内部電極2が配されているが、この内部電極2は銀−パラジウム等の金属材料で形成されており、各圧電体1に所定の電圧を印加し、圧電体1に逆圧電効果による変位を起こさせる作用をなす。
【0022】
複数の圧電体1と複数の内部電極2とを交互に積層して成る柱状積層体1aは、先ず、PZT等の圧電セラミックスの仮焼粉末と、アクリル系、ブチラール系等の有機高分子から成るバインダーと、DBP(フタル酸ジオチル)、DOP(フタル酸ジブチル)等の可塑剤とを混合してスラリーを作製し、該スラリーを周知のドクターブレード法やカレンダーロール法等のテープ成型法により圧電体1となるセラミックグリーンシートを作製する。
【0023】
次に、銀−パラジウム粉末にバインダー、可塑剤等を添加混合して導電性ペーストを作製し、これを前記各グリーンシートの上面にスクリーン印刷等によって1〜40μmの厚みに印刷する。
【0024】
そして、最後に上面に導電性ペーストが印刷されたグリーンシートを積層し、この積層体について所定の温度で脱バインダーを行った後、900〜1200℃で焼成することによって作製される。
【0025】
さらに、焼成後には柱状積層体1aのすべての側面に内部電極2が露出しているが、少なくとも一つの側面において、内部電極2の端部を含む圧電体1の端面に一層おきに深さ50〜500μm、積層方向の幅30〜200μmの溝が形成されており、該溝内にガラス、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミドイミド樹脂、シリコーンゴム等が充填されて絶縁体3が形成されている。
【0026】
この絶縁体3により、柱状積層体1aの対向する側面において、内部電極2の端部が互い違いに一層おきに絶縁され、内部電極2の絶縁されていない他方の端部は、後述の正極及び負極を成すコイル状弾性部材からなる一対の外部電極4に接続されている。
【0027】
なお、絶縁体3は、柱状積層体1aとの接合を強固とするために、柱状積層体1aの変位に対して追従する弾性率が低い材料、具体的にはシリコーンゴム等からなることが好適である。
【0028】
柱状積層体1aの対向する側面にはそれぞれコイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4が接続固定されており、該外部電極4には、積層されている内部電極2が一層おきに電気的に接続されている。このコイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4は、接続されている各内部電極2に圧電体1を逆圧電効果により変位させるに必要な電圧を共通に供給する作用をなす。コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4の隙間に、外部電極を埋設するように、弾性率が低い材料、例えばシリコーンゴム等を充填することが望ましい。
【0029】
このように外部電極4がコイル状弾性部材にて形成されているため、アクチュエータを高電界、高圧力下で長期間連続駆動させた場合でも、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4がアクチュエータの伸縮に追従し、該外部電極4と内部電極2とが断線するといった問題が生じるのを防ぐことができ、耐久性に優れたのアクチュエータを提供することができる。
【0030】
外部電極4は、Ag、Ni、Cu、Al、W、Mo、ステンレス、Fe−Ni−Co合金等の導電性を備え、弾性を備えた金属材料からなり、このうち、耐酸化性が良好で、導電性が良いという点から、Ag、Ni、ステンレスが望ましく、また、外部電極4を形成する線材の線径は低抵抗であり、且つ、全体として伸縮性に富むという点から、50〜500μm程度であることが望ましい。
【0031】
外部電極4は、外部からの挟持力により柱状積層体1a側面に押し当てられた状態で内部電極2と接続しても、また、導電性接着剤や導電性ペースト、半田等によって内部電極2と接続固定しても構わない。
【0032】
また、外部電極4を接続する内部電極2の露出した柱状積層体1aの側面に、蒸着、スパッタリング、メッキ等で、薄膜の低抵抗部を予め形成しておいても良い。
【0033】
さらに、外部電極4にはリード線6が半田により接続固定されている。このリード線6は外部電極4を外部の電圧供給部に接続する作用をなす。
【0034】
また、本発明では、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4の積層方向の繰り返し周期が、圧電体1の厚みと内部電極2の厚みの和の2倍とほぼ等しくしている。言い換えれば、外部電極4の繰り返し周期を、一層おきに露出している同一極の内部電極2間の距離にほぼ等しくしている。
【0035】
これは、外部電極4の積層方向の繰り返し周期を、圧電体1の厚みと内部電極2の厚みの和の約2倍と等しくしておくことにより、柱状積層体1a側面に一層おきに露出する同一極の内部電極2端部の繰り返し周期と等しくなり、外部電極4と内部電極2との接続を確実なものとすることができる。
【0036】
そして、リード線6を介して一対の外部電極4に0.1〜3kV/mmの直流電圧を印加し、柱状積層体1aを分極処理することによって、製品としての積層型圧電アクチュエータが完成し、リード線6を外部の電圧供給部に接続し、リード線6及び外部電極4を介して内部電極2に電圧を印加させれば、各圧電体1は逆圧電効果によって大きく変位し、これによって例えばエンジンに燃料を噴射供給する自動車用燃料噴射弁として機能する。
【0037】
以上のように構成された積層型圧電アクチュエータでは、外部電極4がコイル状弾性部材により形成されているため、該外部電極4がアクチュエータの伸縮に十分追従することができ、外部電極4と内部電極2との間に応力が生じ、外部電極4と内部電極2との間でスパークが生じるといった問題を防ぐことができ、高信頼性のアクチュエータを提供することができる。
【0038】
さらに、本発明では、図2に示すように、正極、負極とも2個のコイル状弾性部材によって外部電極4を形成しても良い。この場合には、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4と内部電極2との接点数を増やすことができ、アクチュエータを高速で駆動させる場合においても外部電極4と内部電極2との接点不良や断線といった問題が生じるのを防ぐことができる。
【0039】
また、本発明では、図3に示すように、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4の内部電極が接続される部分に平坦部4aを有することが望ましい。即ち、積層方向に垂直な断面が略四角形若しくは楕円形のコイル状弾性部材で外部電極4を形成し、その長辺部分で柱状積層体1aに露出した内部電極2と接続しても良い。この場合には、外部電極4と内部電極2との接続面積を増やすことができ、アクチュエータを高速で駆動させる場合においても、外部電極4と内部電極2との接続を確実に行うことができる。
【0040】
さらに、本発明では、図4に示すように、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極4が積層方向に対して傾いた状態で柱状積層体1aと接続しても良い。即ち、図1(b)の外部電極4では、コイル状弾性部材の巻回方向が積層方向に対してほぼ直角であるが、図4の外部電極は、図1(b)の外部電極4を柱状積層体1a側に押圧して巻回方向を傾斜させている。この場合には、該外部電極4の積層方向に垂直な断面積を小さくすることができ、外部電極4の体積を小さくでき、積層型圧電アクチュエータを小型化できる。尚、図4の外部電極4をさらに柱状積層体1a側に押圧して、巻回するコイル状弾性部材を柱状積層体1aに沿って形成しても良い。この場合には、さらに積層型圧電アクチュエータを小型化できる。
【0041】
本発明の積層型圧電素子はこれらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲であれば種々の変更は可能である。
【0042】
図5は、本発明の噴射装置を示すもので、図5において符号31は収納容器を示している。この収納容器31の一端には噴射孔33が設けられ、また収納容器31内には、噴射孔33を開閉することができるニードルバルブ35が収容されている。
【0043】
噴射孔33には燃料通路37が連通可能に設けられ、この燃料通路37は外部の燃料供給源に連結され、燃料通路37に常時一定の高圧で燃料が供給されている。従って、ニードルバルブ35が噴射孔33を開放すると、燃料通路37に供給されていた燃料が一定の高圧で内燃機関の図示しない燃料室内に噴出されるように形成されている。
【0044】
また、ニードルバルブ35の上端部は直径が大きくなっており、収納容器31に形成されたシリンダ39と摺動可能なピストン41となっている。そして、収納容器31内には、上記した圧電アクチュエータ43が収納されている。
【0045】
このような噴射装置では、圧電アクチュエータ43が電圧を印加されて伸長すると、ピストン41が押圧され、ニードルバルブ35が噴射孔33を閉塞し、燃料の供給が停止される。また、電圧の印加が停止されると圧電アクチュエータ43が収縮し、皿バネ45がピストン41を押し返し、噴射孔33が燃料通路37と連通して燃料の噴射が行われるようになっている。
【0046】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
まず、線径が100μmで繰り返し周期が300μm、中心径が2mmのステンレスからなるコイル状弾性部材を用いて外部電極を形成し、図1に示すような積層型圧電アクチュエータを作製した。柱状積層体の積層方向に垂直な断面は1辺長さ7mmの正方形である。
【0047】
また、圧電体は厚み147μmのPZTで形成し、内部電極は厚み3μmの銀−パラジウム合金によって形成し、圧電体及び内部電極の各々の積層数は300とした。また、柱状積層体の対向する側面の外部電極形成面において、内部電極の露出する端部には一層おきに左右交互に溝を形成し、該溝に絶縁体としてシリコーンゴムを充填した。
【0048】
フッ素樹脂からなるチューブ内に外部電極を含めた柱状積層体を挿入することにより、該チューブの狭持力により、コイル状外部電極からなる外部電極を、内部電極に当接した状態で柱状積層体の対向する側面に押圧固定した。
【0049】
その後、正極及び負極の外部電極にリード線を介して3kV/mmの直流電界を15分間印加して分極処理を行い、積層型圧電アクチュエータを得た。
【0050】
得られた積層型圧電アクチュエータに150Vの直流電圧を印加した結果、積層方向に40μmの変位量が得られた。さらに、このアクチュエータに室温で0〜+150Vの交流電圧を60Hzの周波数にて印加し駆動試験を行った結果、1×10サイクルまで駆動したところ40μmの変位量が得られ、外部電極の異常は見られなかった。表1のサンプルNo.1に記載する。
【0051】
(実施例2)
次に、外部電極の構成を表1に示すように変化させた以外は、実施例1と同様の構成の積層型圧電アクチュエータを作製した。サンプルNo.2は、中心径が1mmである以外は実施例1と同様のコイル状弾性部材を、図2に示すように正極、負極ともに2個ずつ用いて外部電極を形成したものである。サンプルNo.3は、積層方向に垂直な断面形状が略四角形である以外は実施例1と同様のコイル状弾性部材を用いて、図3に示すような外部電極を形成したものである。また、比較例のサンプルNo.4は、銀粉末をガラスに分散させたペーストにて図6に示すような外部電極を形成したものである。
【0052】
得られた積層型圧電アクチュエータに室温で200Vの交流電圧を60Hzの周波数にて印加し、駆動試験を行った。初期に得られた変位量はすべてのサンプル(No.1〜4)において50μmであった。得られた結果を表1に示す。
【0053】
【表1】

Figure 0003598057
【0054】
サンプルNo.4の場合、外部電極がヤング率の高い銀分散のガラスペーストで形成されているために、1×10サイクルで、アクチュエータの伸縮に外部電極が追従できずに外部電極とアクチュエータの間に引っ張り応力が生じ、外部電極と内部電極との接続部においてクラックが発生し、スパークが生じてしまった。
【0055】
一方、本発明のコイル状弾性部材を用いて外部電極を形成したサンプルNo.1〜3は、外部電極がアクチュエータの伸縮に十分追従でき、高速で1×10サイクル連続駆動した場合においても変位量はほとんど減少しなかった。
【0056】
さらに、コイル状弾性部材を2個用いて外部電極を形成したサンプルNo.2及び積層方向に垂直な断面形状を略四角形にしたサンプルNo.3においては、外部電極と内部電極との接点面積が多いために、高い印加電圧で高速で1×1010サイクル連続駆動させた場合にも、外部電極と内部電極との間に接点不良が生じることなく、高信頼性を備えていることが判る。
【0057】
【発明の効果】
本発明の積層型圧電素子によれば、外部電極をコイル状弾性部材によって形成したので、外部電極が積層型圧電素子の伸縮に十分追従することができ、外部電極と内部電極の間の接点不良や、外部電極がスパークするといった問題を防ぐことができ、高信頼性を備えた積層型圧電素子を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の積層型圧電アクチュエータを示すもので、(a)は斜視図、(b)は(a)のA−A線縦断面図である。
【図2】2つのコイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極を用いて形成した本発明の他の積層型圧電アクチュエータの斜視図である。
【図3】平坦部を有する外部電極を用いて形成した本発明のさらに他の積層型圧電アクチュエータの横断面図である。
【図4】外部電極を傾斜させた本発明のさらに他の積層型圧電アクチュエータの縦断面図である。
【図5】本発明の噴射装置を示す説明図である。
【図6】従来の積層型圧電アクチュエータの縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
1・・・圧電体
1a・・・柱状積層体
2・・・内部電極
4・・・外部電極
4a・・・平坦部
31・・・収納容器
33・・・噴射孔
35・・・バルブ
43・・・圧電アクチュエータ[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a multilayer piezoelectric element and an injection device, for example, a multilayer piezoelectric element and an injection device used for a precision positioning device such as a fuel injection device for an automobile, an optical device, and a driving element for preventing vibration. .
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a laminated piezoelectric element, a laminated piezoelectric actuator in which piezoelectric bodies and internal electrodes are alternately laminated is known. Multi-layer piezoelectric actuators are classified into two types: co-firing type and stack type in which piezoelectric ceramics and internal electrode plates are alternately laminated. Considering lower voltage and lower manufacturing cost, co-firing type Is advantageous in reducing the thickness of the multilayer piezoelectric actuator, and is showing its superiority.
[0003]
FIG. 6 shows a conventional laminated piezoelectric actuator. In this actuator, a piezoelectric body 51 and an internal electrode 52 are alternately laminated to form a columnar laminated body 53, and the outermost layer in the laminating direction is an inactive layer. 55. One end of the internal electrode 52 is alternately covered with an insulator 61 on the left and right sides, and the band-shaped external electrode 70 is formed so as to be electrically connected to the internal electrode 52 from every other layer on the left and right sides. A lead wire 76 is further fixed on the belt-shaped external electrode 70 by solder 77.
[0004]
By the way, in recent years, in order to secure a large displacement amount under a large pressure with a small piezoelectric actuator, a higher electric field is applied, and the piezoelectric actuator is driven continuously for a long period of time.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described piezoelectric actuator, when the piezoelectric actuator is continuously driven for a long period of time under a high electric field and a high pressure, peeling occurs between an internal electrode formed between the piezoelectric bodies and external electrodes for a positive electrode and a negative electrode. There is a problem that no voltage is supplied to the piezoelectric body of the portion, and the displacement characteristic changes during driving.
[0006]
For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 4-237172, the end of the internal electrode exposed on the side surface of the actuator body is covered with an insulating layer made of glass every other layer, and the internal electrode and the upper and lower piezoelectric members are firmly joined. A multilayer piezoelectric actuator is disclosed in which the insulating layer is accommodated in a concave portion of the external electrode to ensure the insulation between the external electrode and the internal electrode. When driven continuously for a long period of time under an electric field and high pressure, a crack occurs in the insulating layer made of glass, and a short circuit occurs between the internal electrode and the external electrode through this crack. Is not supplied, and the displacement characteristic changes during driving.
[0007]
That is, since the actuator body expands and contracts in the laminating direction of the piezoelectric body and the internal electrode, the insulating layer made of glass having a high Young's modulus provided on the end of the internal electrode and the piezoelectric body in the vicinity thereof is continuously driven for a long time. Therefore, there is a problem that short-circuiting easily occurs between the internal electrode and the external electrode through the broken portion because of the failure to withstand the expansion and contraction operation due to this.
[0008]
An object of the present invention is to provide a laminated piezoelectric element and an ejection device which are excellent in durability without disconnection between an external electrode and an internal electrode even when driven continuously for a long time under a high electric field and a high pressure. Aim.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The laminated piezoelectric element of the present invention is a columnar laminated body formed by alternately laminating a plurality of piezoelectric bodies and a plurality of internal electrodes, and is provided on a side surface of the columnar laminated body, and the internal electrodes are provided every other layer. A laminated piezoelectric element comprising a pair of alternately connected external electrodes, wherein the external electrodes are made of a coiled elastic member.
[0010]
In the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention, since the external electrodes are formed of the coil-shaped elastic members, the external electrodes formed of the coil-shaped elastic members are used for the actuator even when driven continuously for a long time under a high electric field and high pressure. Following the expansion and contraction, it is possible to prevent a problem such as disconnection of the external electrode and the internal electrode from occurring, and it is possible to greatly improve the durability.
[0011]
Here, it is desirable that the repetition period of the external electrodes made of the coil-shaped elastic member in the laminating direction is approximately equal to twice the sum of the thickness of the piezoelectric body and the thickness of the internal electrodes. In this case, the contact between the external electrode made of the coil-shaped elastic member and the internal electrode that is the same pole every other layer is reliably formed, and the external electrode and the internal electrode can be electrically reliably connected. it can.
[0012]
Further, in the present invention, it is desirable that the external electrode is composed of a plurality of coil-shaped elastic members. In this case, it is possible to increase the number of contacts between the external electrode formed of the coil-shaped elastic member and the internal electrode, and to apply a large current to the actuator to drive the actuator at high speed. Can be prevented, and a highly reliable actuator can be provided.
[0013]
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the columnar laminated body has a polygonal columnar shape, and has a flat portion at a portion to which an internal electrode of an external electrode formed of a coiled elastic member is connected. In this case, the connection area between the flat portion of the coiled elastic member and the internal electrode exposed on the side surface of the columnar laminate increases, and even when the actuator is continuously driven at a high speed, the external electrode and the internal electrode are not connected to each other. Can be securely connected.
[0014]
Further, in the present invention, it is preferable that the external electrode formed of the coil-shaped elastic member is provided on the columnar laminate in a state inclined with respect to the lamination direction. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the external electrodes perpendicular to the laminating direction can be reduced, the volume of the external electrodes can be reduced, and a small laminated piezoelectric element can be obtained.
[0015]
The injection device of the present invention includes a storage container having an injection hole, the multilayer piezoelectric element accommodated in the storage container, and a valve configured to eject liquid from the injection hole by driving the multilayer piezoelectric element. Is what you do.
[0016]
In such an injection device, as described above, disconnection between the external electrode and the internal electrode in the laminated piezoelectric element itself can be prevented, and the durability can be greatly improved. Therefore, the durability of the injection device can also be improved.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
1A and 1B show an embodiment of a laminated piezoelectric element comprising a laminated piezoelectric actuator according to the present invention, wherein FIG. 1A is a perspective view, and FIG. 1B is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. It is.
[0018]
As shown in FIG. 1, the laminated piezoelectric actuator is configured such that an end of the internal electrode 2 is formed on a side surface of a square columnar laminated body 1a formed by alternately laminating a plurality of piezoelectric bodies 1 and a plurality of internal electrodes 2. The other end of the internal electrode 2 covered with the insulator 3 and not covered with the insulator 3 is connected to each of the external electrodes 4 made of a coiled elastic member, and the lead wire 6 is connected to each external electrode 4. It is fixed and configured.
[0019]
The piezoelectric body 1 is formed of, for example, a piezoelectric ceramic material mainly composed of lead zirconate titanate Pb (Zr, Ti) O 3 (hereinafter abbreviated as PZT) or barium titanate BaTiO 3 . The piezoelectric ceramics are those piezoelectric strain constant d 33 indicating the piezoelectric characteristic is high is preferable.
[0020]
The thickness of the piezoelectric body 1, that is, the distance between the internal electrodes 2 is desirably 50 to 250 μm. This is because, in order to obtain a larger displacement amount by applying a voltage, a method of increasing the number of stacked layers is adopted in the stacked piezoelectric actuator. However, when the number of stacked layers is increased, if the thickness of the piezoelectric body 1 is too large, This is because it is impossible to reduce the size and height of the actuator. On the other hand, if the thickness of the piezoelectric body 1 is too thin, dielectric breakdown easily occurs.
[0021]
An internal electrode 2 is disposed between the piezoelectric bodies 1. The internal electrode 2 is formed of a metal material such as silver-palladium, and applies a predetermined voltage to each of the piezoelectric bodies 1. The effect of causing a displacement due to the inverse piezoelectric effect is produced.
[0022]
The columnar laminated body 1a formed by alternately laminating the plurality of piezoelectric bodies 1 and the plurality of internal electrodes 2 is composed of a calcined powder of piezoelectric ceramic such as PZT and an organic polymer such as acrylic or butyral. A slurry is prepared by mixing a binder and a plasticizer such as DBP (dityl phthalate) or DOP (dibutyl phthalate), and the slurry is formed by a well-known tape forming method such as a doctor blade method or a calendar roll method. 1. A ceramic green sheet to be 1 is produced.
[0023]
Next, a conductive paste is prepared by adding and mixing a binder, a plasticizer, and the like to the silver-palladium powder, and this is printed on the upper surface of each green sheet to a thickness of 1 to 40 μm by screen printing or the like.
[0024]
Finally, a green sheet having a conductive paste printed on the upper surface is laminated, the binder is removed from the laminate at a predetermined temperature, and the laminate is fired at 900 to 1200 ° C.
[0025]
Further, after firing, the internal electrodes 2 are exposed on all side surfaces of the columnar laminated body 1a. However, at least one side surface has a depth of 50 at every other end surface of the piezoelectric body 1 including the end of the internal electrode 2. A groove having a width of about 500 μm and a width of 30 to 200 μm in the stacking direction is formed, and the insulator 3 is formed by filling the groove with glass, epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, silicone rubber, or the like.
[0026]
The insulator 3 alternately insulates the ends of the internal electrodes 2 alternately on the opposite side surfaces of the columnar laminate 1a, and connects the other uninsulated ends of the internal electrodes 2 to a positive electrode and a negative electrode described later. Are connected to a pair of external electrodes 4 made of a coiled elastic member.
[0027]
The insulator 3 is preferably made of a material having a low elastic modulus that follows the displacement of the columnar laminate 1a, specifically, silicone rubber or the like, in order to strengthen the bonding with the columnar laminate 1a. It is.
[0028]
External electrodes 4 each made of a coiled elastic member are connected and fixed to opposing side surfaces of the columnar laminate 1a, and the laminated internal electrodes 2 are electrically connected to the external electrodes 4 alternately. ing. The external electrode 4 made of the coiled elastic member has a function of commonly supplying a voltage necessary for displacing the piezoelectric body 1 to the connected internal electrodes 2 by an inverse piezoelectric effect. It is desirable to fill a material having a low elastic modulus, for example, silicone rubber or the like, so as to bury the external electrode in the gap between the external electrodes 4 formed of the coil-shaped elastic member.
[0029]
Since the external electrode 4 is formed of the coiled elastic member as described above, even when the actuator is continuously driven under a high electric field and high pressure for a long period of time, the external electrode 4 formed of the coiled elastic member expands and contracts the actuator. To prevent the problem that the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2 are disconnected, thereby providing an actuator having excellent durability.
[0030]
The external electrode 4 is made of a metal material having conductivity and elasticity such as Ag, Ni, Cu, Al, W, Mo, stainless steel, and Fe-Ni-Co alloy. Ag, Ni, and stainless steel are desirable from the viewpoint of good conductivity, and the wire diameter of the wire forming the external electrode 4 is 50 to 500 μm from the viewpoint that it has a low resistance and has a high elasticity as a whole. Desirably.
[0031]
The external electrode 4 is connected to the internal electrode 2 in a state where the external electrode 4 is pressed against the side surface of the columnar laminated body 1a by a clamping force from the outside, or is connected to the internal electrode 2 by a conductive adhesive, a conductive paste, solder, or the like. The connection may be fixed.
[0032]
Alternatively, a low-resistance thin film portion may be formed in advance on the exposed side surface of the columnar laminate 1a of the internal electrode 2 connecting the external electrode 4 by vapor deposition, sputtering, plating, or the like.
[0033]
Further, lead wires 6 are connected and fixed to the external electrodes 4 by soldering. The lead wire 6 serves to connect the external electrode 4 to an external voltage supply.
[0034]
Further, in the present invention, the repetition period of the external electrodes 4 formed of the coil-shaped elastic members in the laminating direction is set substantially equal to twice the sum of the thickness of the piezoelectric body 1 and the thickness of the internal electrodes 2. In other words, the repetition period of the external electrodes 4 is set substantially equal to the distance between the internal electrodes 2 of the same polarity exposed every other layer.
[0035]
This is because the repetition period of the external electrodes 4 in the laminating direction is made equal to about twice the sum of the thickness of the piezoelectric body 1 and the thickness of the internal electrodes 2, so that every other side is exposed on the side surface of the columnar laminated body 1 a. The repetition period is equal to the repetition period of the internal electrode 2 having the same polarity, and the connection between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2 can be ensured.
[0036]
Then, a DC voltage of 0.1 to 3 kV / mm is applied to the pair of external electrodes 4 via the lead wires 6 to polarize the columnar laminate 1a, thereby completing a laminated piezoelectric actuator as a product. If the lead wire 6 is connected to an external voltage supply unit and a voltage is applied to the internal electrode 2 via the lead wire 6 and the external electrode 4, each piezoelectric body 1 is greatly displaced by the inverse piezoelectric effect, thereby, for example, It functions as an automotive fuel injection valve that injects fuel into the engine.
[0037]
In the laminated piezoelectric actuator configured as described above, since the external electrode 4 is formed of a coiled elastic member, the external electrode 4 can sufficiently follow the expansion and contraction of the actuator. 2 can be prevented, and a problem of sparks occurring between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2 can be prevented, and a highly reliable actuator can be provided.
[0038]
Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the external electrode 4 may be formed by two coiled elastic members for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In this case, the number of contacts between the external electrode 4 made of a coiled elastic member and the internal electrode 2 can be increased, and even when the actuator is driven at a high speed, a contact failure or disconnection between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2 is caused. Such a problem can be prevented.
[0039]
Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, it is desirable to have a flat portion 4a at a portion where the internal electrode of the external electrode 4 made of a coiled elastic member is connected. That is, the external electrode 4 may be formed of a coil-shaped elastic member having a substantially rectangular or elliptical cross section perpendicular to the laminating direction, and connected to the internal electrode 2 exposed at the long side of the columnar laminated body 1a. In this case, the connection area between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2 can be increased, and even when the actuator is driven at high speed, the connection between the external electrode 4 and the internal electrode 2 can be reliably performed.
[0040]
Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the external electrode 4 made of a coiled elastic member may be connected to the columnar laminate 1a in a state inclined with respect to the lamination direction. That is, in the external electrode 4 of FIG. 1B, the winding direction of the coiled elastic member is substantially perpendicular to the laminating direction, but the external electrode of FIG. The winding direction is inclined by pressing against the columnar laminate 1a. In this case, the cross-sectional area of the external electrodes 4 perpendicular to the laminating direction can be reduced, the volume of the external electrodes 4 can be reduced, and the size of the laminated piezoelectric actuator can be reduced. In addition, the external electrode 4 of FIG. 4 may be further pressed toward the columnar laminate 1a to form a coiled elastic member to be wound along the columnar laminate 1a. In this case, the size of the laminated piezoelectric actuator can be further reduced.
[0041]
The multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention is not limited to these, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0042]
FIG. 5 shows an injection device of the present invention. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 31 denotes a storage container. An injection hole 33 is provided at one end of the storage container 31, and a needle valve 35 that can open and close the injection hole 33 is stored in the storage container 31.
[0043]
A fuel passage 37 is provided in the injection hole 33 so as to be able to communicate therewith. The fuel passage 37 is connected to an external fuel supply source, and the fuel is constantly supplied to the fuel passage 37 at a constant high pressure. Therefore, when the needle valve 35 opens the injection hole 33, the fuel supplied to the fuel passage 37 is ejected at a constant high pressure into a fuel chamber (not shown) of the internal combustion engine.
[0044]
The upper end of the needle valve 35 has a large diameter, and serves as a piston 41 that can slide with a cylinder 39 formed in the storage container 31. The above-mentioned piezoelectric actuator 43 is stored in the storage container 31.
[0045]
In such an injection device, when the piezoelectric actuator 43 expands by applying a voltage, the piston 41 is pressed, the needle valve 35 closes the injection hole 33, and the supply of fuel is stopped. Further, when the application of the voltage is stopped, the piezoelectric actuator 43 contracts, the disc spring 45 pushes back the piston 41, and the injection hole 33 communicates with the fuel passage 37 to perform the fuel injection.
[0046]
【Example】
(Example 1)
First, external electrodes were formed using a coil-shaped elastic member made of stainless steel having a wire diameter of 100 μm, a repetition cycle of 300 μm, and a center diameter of 2 mm, and a laminated piezoelectric actuator as shown in FIG. 1 was produced. The cross section of the columnar laminated body perpendicular to the laminating direction is a square having a side length of 7 mm.
[0047]
Further, the piezoelectric body was formed of PZT having a thickness of 147 μm, the internal electrode was formed of a silver-palladium alloy having a thickness of 3 μm, and the number of layers of each of the piezoelectric body and the internal electrode was 300. Further, on the external electrode forming surface on the opposite side surface of the columnar laminated body, grooves were alternately formed on the exposed end portions of the internal electrodes every other layer, and the grooves were filled with silicone rubber as an insulator.
[0048]
By inserting the columnar laminated body including the external electrode into the tube made of the fluororesin, the external electrode composed of the coil-shaped external electrode is brought into contact with the internal electrode by the pinching force of the tube so that the columnar laminated body is in contact with the internal electrode. Was pressed and fixed to the opposing side surfaces.
[0049]
Thereafter, a direct current electric field of 3 kV / mm was applied to the external electrodes of the positive electrode and the negative electrode via lead wires for 15 minutes to perform a polarization treatment, thereby obtaining a laminated piezoelectric actuator.
[0050]
As a result of applying a DC voltage of 150 V to the obtained laminated piezoelectric actuator, a displacement of 40 μm was obtained in the laminating direction. Furthermore, an AC voltage of 0 to +150 V was applied to this actuator at room temperature at a frequency of 60 Hz. As a result, when the actuator was driven up to 1 × 10 9 cycles, a displacement of 40 μm was obtained. I couldn't see it. In Table 1, the sample No. Described in 1.
[0051]
(Example 2)
Next, a laminated piezoelectric actuator having the same configuration as that of Example 1 except that the configuration of the external electrode was changed as shown in Table 1 was manufactured. Sample No. Reference numeral 2 denotes an external electrode formed by using the same coil-shaped elastic member as in Example 1 except that the center diameter is 1 mm, as shown in FIG. Sample No. Reference numeral 3 denotes an external electrode as shown in FIG. 3 formed by using the same coil-shaped elastic member as in Example 1 except that the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the laminating direction is substantially rectangular. Further, the sample No. of the comparative example. Reference numeral 4 shows an external electrode formed as shown in FIG. 6 using a paste in which silver powder is dispersed in glass.
[0052]
A drive test was performed by applying an AC voltage of 200 V at room temperature at a frequency of 60 Hz to the obtained laminated piezoelectric actuator. The displacement amount obtained in the initial stage was 50 μm in all the samples (Nos. 1 to 4). Table 1 shows the obtained results.
[0053]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003598057
[0054]
Sample No. In the case of No. 4, since the external electrode is formed of a silver-dispersed glass paste having a high Young's modulus, the external electrode cannot follow the expansion and contraction of the actuator and is pulled between the external electrode and the actuator in 1 × 10 4 cycles. Stress was generated, cracks were generated at the connection between the external electrodes and the internal electrodes, and sparks were generated.
[0055]
On the other hand, Sample No. 1 in which an external electrode was formed using the coiled elastic member of the present invention. In Nos. 1 to 3, the external electrodes could sufficiently follow the expansion and contraction of the actuator, and the displacement amount hardly decreased even when the actuator was continuously driven at a high speed for 1 × 10 9 cycles.
[0056]
Further, in Sample No. in which an external electrode was formed using two coiled elastic members. Sample No. 2 in which the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the laminating direction was substantially square. In No. 3, since the contact area between the external electrode and the internal electrode is large, a contact failure occurs between the external electrode and the internal electrode even when the device is continuously driven at a high applied voltage at a high speed for 1 × 10 10 cycles. It can be seen that they have high reliability without any problem.
[0057]
【The invention's effect】
According to the multilayer piezoelectric element of the present invention, since the external electrode is formed by the coil-shaped elastic member, the external electrode can sufficiently follow the expansion and contraction of the multilayer piezoelectric element, and the contact failure between the external electrode and the internal electrode is poor. In addition, it is possible to prevent a problem such as sparking of an external electrode, and to provide a laminated piezoelectric element having high reliability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIGS. 1A and 1B show a laminated piezoelectric actuator of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a perspective view, and FIG. 1B is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of another laminated piezoelectric actuator of the present invention formed using external electrodes formed of two coil-shaped elastic members.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of still another laminated piezoelectric actuator of the present invention formed using external electrodes having flat portions.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of still another laminated piezoelectric actuator of the present invention in which an external electrode is inclined.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing an injection device of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional laminated piezoelectric actuator.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Piezoelectric body 1a ... Columnar laminated body 2 ... Internal electrode 4 ... External electrode 4a ... Flat part 31 ... Storage container 33 ... Injection hole 35 ... Valve 43 ..Piezoelectric actuators

Claims (5)

複数の圧電体と複数の内部電極とを交互に積層して形成された柱状積層体と、該柱状積層体の側面に設けられ、前記内部電極が一層おきに交互に接続された一対の外部電極とを具備してなる積層型圧電素子であって、前記外部電極がコイル状弾性部材からなることを特徴とする積層型圧電素子。A columnar laminated body formed by alternately laminating a plurality of piezoelectric bodies and a plurality of internal electrodes, and a pair of external electrodes provided on the side surfaces of the columnar laminated body, wherein the internal electrodes are alternately connected every other layer Wherein the external electrode is made of a coiled elastic member. 外部電極が複数個のコイル状弾性部材からなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の積層型圧電素子。2. The multilayer piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein the external electrode comprises a plurality of coil-shaped elastic members. 柱状積層体が多角柱状であり、コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極の内部電極が接続される部分に平坦部を有することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の積層型圧電素子。3. The multilayer piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein the columnar laminate has a polygonal columnar shape, and has a flat portion at a portion to which an internal electrode of an external electrode made of a coiled elastic member is connected. コイル状弾性部材からなる外部電極が、積層方向に対して傾斜した状態で柱状積層体に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のうちいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子。The multilayer piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the external electrode made of a coil-shaped elastic member is provided on the columnar laminate in a state inclined with respect to the laminating direction. 噴射孔を有する収納容器と、該収納容器内に収容された請求項1乃至4のうちいずれかに記載の積層型圧電素子と、該積層型圧電素子の駆動により前記噴射孔から液体を噴出させるバルブとを具備してなることを特徴とする噴射装置。A storage container having an ejection hole, the multilayer piezoelectric element according to any one of claims 1 to 4 accommodated in the storage container, and driving the multilayer piezoelectric element to eject a liquid from the injection hole. An injection device comprising a valve.
JP2000363698A 2000-11-29 2000-11-29 Multilayer piezoelectric element and injection device Expired - Fee Related JP3598057B2 (en)

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DE10236986A1 (en) * 2002-08-13 2004-02-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Piezoelectric actuator for operating a switching valve in vehicle fuel injection systems has an electrode structure consisting of a first outer electrode and a second flexible outer electrode formed by a helix
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EP1650816A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-26 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Piezoelectric actuator
JP2006303044A (en) * 2005-04-18 2006-11-02 Denso Corp Laminated piezoelectric material element
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