JP3459218B2

JP3459218B2 - Friction stir welding method

Info

Publication number: JP3459218B2
Application number: JP2000055192A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 昌邦江角; 一成福寄; 佳彦稲; 徹也松永
Original assignee: Hitachi Ltd
Current assignee: Hitachi Ltd
Priority date: 2000-03-01
Filing date: 2000-03-01
Publication date: 2003-10-20
Anticipated expiration: 2019-11-24
Also published as: JP2001152562A

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】【０００１】【発明の属する技術分野】本発明は形材の摩擦攪拌接合
方法に関するものである。例えば、鉄道車両や建築物等
に使用されるアルミニウム合金製の押し出し形材の摩擦
攪拌接合方法に好適である。【０００２】【従来の技術】摩擦攪拌接合方法は、接合部に挿入した
丸棒（回転工具という。）を回転させながら接合線に沿
って移動させ、接合部を発熱、軟化させ、塑性流動さ
せ、固相接合する方法である。回転工具は、接合部に挿
入する小径部と、外部に位置する大径部とからなる。小
径部と大径部は同軸である。小径部と大径部との境は接
合部に若干挿入されている。これは特開平９−３０９１
６４号公報（ＥＰ０７９７０４３Ａ２）に示されてい
る。【０００３】この文献の図９には中空の押し出し形材の
二面の接合を一方の面の側から行うことが示されてい
る。すなわち、前記一方の面の板を突き合わせ、他方の
面側から摩擦攪拌接合をしている。前記板の外面側は平
らに接合される。前記一方の面の板の端部は、厚さ方向
に直交している。また、上記文献の図７には凸部を設け
た部材を接合することによって良好な摩擦攪拌接合する
ことが示されている。【０００４】【発明が解決しようとする課題】前記特開平９−３０９
１６４号公報（ＥＰ０７９７０４３Ａ２）の図９のよう
に、長尺の２つの板（押し出し形材）を突き合わせ接合
する場合を考える。接合にあたっては接合部の板を上方
から押さえた状態で、摩擦攪拌接合をする。押さえる装
置は押さえ金具や、回転工具と共に移動するローラであ
る。また、２つの板を所定ピッチで仮止め溶接した後、
ローラで押さえて、摩擦攪拌接合をする。板が長尺材で
ある場合は、板の端部が長手方向に波状に変形している
ことがある。この場合、図７に示すように、突き合わせ
部において、２つの板Ｂ１，Ｂ２の端部は上下方向に段
差を生じる。この段差は上方から押さえることによって
なくすることができる。【０００５】しかしながら、この段差をなくするには、
押さえ金具のピッチを小さくする必要があり、装置が高
価になる。また、仮止め溶接した後、摩擦攪拌接合する
場合は、仮止め溶接する際に段差がないことが必要であ
り、同様の問題がある。段差が生じた状態で仮止め溶接
すると、この段差はその後は解消できない。【０００６】本発明の目的は、板の突き合わせ接合にお
いて、接合部に段差のない接合を行うことにある。【０００７】【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的は、第１の板
の端部と第２の板の端部とを突き合わせ、前記第１の板
の前記端部には前記第２の板の側に突出する凸部があ
り、前記第２の板の前記端部には前記凸部を受け入れる
凹部があり、前記突き合わせたとき、前記凸部が前記凹
部に入っており、次に、前記突き合わせた部分を回転工
具によって摩擦攪拌接合するにあたり、前記板の一方の
面側から回転工具を挿入し、前記凹部の深さの半分の位
置に前記回転工具の軸心を実質的に位置させて摩擦攪拌
接合を行うこと、によって達成できる。【０００８】【発明の実施の形態】本発明の一実施例を図１から図６
により説明する。図１は図４の突き合わせ接合部の拡大
図である。図２は図１の突き合わせ部の拡大図であり、
押し出し形材の突き合わせ前の突き合わせ部の状態を示
す図であり、図３は突き合わせ後の状態を示している。
図４は図５の要部拡大図、図５は図６の側構体の要部の
縦断面図である。【０００９】車体２００は、側面を構成する側構体２０
１、屋根を構成する屋根構体２０２、床を構成する台枠
２０３、長手方向の端部を構成する妻構体２０４からな
る。側構体２０１、屋根構体２０２、台枠２０３は、そ
れぞれ複数の押し出し形材を接合して構成している。押
し出し形材の長手方向を車体の長手方向にしている。押
し出し形材はアルミニウム合金製の中空形材である。【００１０】側構体２０１を構成する摩擦攪拌接合用の
中空形材１０、２０の構成および接合方法について説明
する。他の箇所、他の構体も同様である。中空形材１
０、２０は二枚の面板１１、１２、２１、２２とトラス
状に配置した複数のリブ１３、２３からなる。二枚の面
板１１、１２（２１、２２）は実質的に平行である。リ
ブ１３、２３によるトラスのピッチは同一である。トラ
スはリブ１３、２３、面板１１、１２、２１、２２の板
厚の中心線によって構成される。頂点は面板１１、１
２、２１、２２側にある。【００１１】車内側のトラスの頂点付近には機器を取り
付けるためのレール１９、２９を一体に設けている。レ
ール１９、２９はＬ状の２つの部材からなる。レールは
内装板や椅子等の機器の取り付け座になる。【００１２】車体の外面側に位置する面板１２、２２の
端部は車内側の面板１１、２１の端部よりも隣接する中
空形材２０、１０側に突出している。この突出した面板
を１２ｂ、２２ｂと呼ぶ。面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの端部同
士を突き合わせて摩擦攪拌接合している。突き合わせ部
の隙間が小さくなるように突き合わせている。面板１２
ｂ、２２ｂの板厚は他の部分の面板１２、２２の板厚よ
りも厚い。【００１３】中空形材１０、２０は面板１２、２２を下
方にしてベッド２４０に載っている。面板１１、２１側
を上方にしている。上方から回転工具２５０を突き合わ
せ部に挿入して摩擦攪拌接合をする。車内側から摩擦攪
拌接合すると言える。面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの端部には車
内側（すなわち面板１１、２１側）に突出する凸部１
６、２６がある。凸部１６、２６の幅、および高さは実
質的に同一である。【００１４】車内側の面板１１の端部と面板２１との端
部との間は接続材３０を介して接合している。接続材３
０の端部はトラスの頂点に設けた座２７（１７）に載っ
ている（重なっている。）。座２７（１７）は、リブ２
３Ａ（１３Ａ）とリブ２３Ｂ（１３Ｂ）との交点にあ
る。座２７（１７）の幅の中央に前記交点がある。つま
り、端部のトラスの頂点は座２７（１７）の幅の中央部
にある。座２７（１７）の幅は接続材３０の凸部３５の
幅と同様である。座２７（１７）は面板２１（１１）の
外面よりも凹んでいる。面板２１（１１）の端部２７ｂ
（１７ｂ）は接続材３０とのアーク溶接用の開先として
傾斜している。【００１５】接続材３０は面板１１、２１の表面があた
かも連続しているようにすることを目的として配置して
いる。このため、座２７（１７）は面板２１（１１）の
外面に対して面板２１（１１）の板厚だけ凹んでいる。
接続材３０の両端３５を除いた中央は板３１であり、そ
の板厚は面板２１（１１）の板厚と実質的に同一であ
る。【００１６】接続材３０の両端には上方に突出する凸部
３５がある。凸部の上面にはＶ字状の溝３６がある。溝
３６は凸部３５の幅の中心にある。凸部３５の幅は回転
工具２５０の大径部２５２の径よりも大きい。溝３６は
回転工具２５０を導くための位置検出用の対象物とな
る。レーザセンサで溝３６を検出し、回転工具２５０の
軸心が溝３６に一致するようにしている。溝３６の延長
線上すなわち回転工具２５０の軸心上に、２つのリブ１
３Ａ（２３Ａ）と１３Ｂ（２３Ｂ）の交点がある。【００１７】接続材３０の幅は二つの中空形材１０、２
０の面板１１、２１の間隔よりも小さい。接続材３０は
中空形材１０、２０と同一材質の押し出し形材である。
接続材３０の長さは中空形材１０、２０の長さと同一で
ある。面板１１の端部から面板２１の端部までの距離Ｐ
（中空形材１０の端部のトラスの頂点から中空形材２０
の端部のトラスの頂点までの距離）は他の位置のトラス
のピッチＰと同一である。中空形材のトラスは、面板１
１、１２、２１、２２側を頂点としたとき、２等辺３角
形である。しかし、中空形材１０、２０の端部のトラス
は２等辺３角形ではない。【００１８】このため、リブ１３Ａ（２３Ａ）は面板１
２（２２）の途中に接続している。リブ１３Ａと面板１
２との接続部と、リブ２３Ａと面板２２との接続部との
間には摩擦攪拌接合装置を挿入する空間が生じる。リブ
１３Ａ、２３Ａはリブ１３Ｂ、２３Ａに比べて立ってい
る（θ１が小さい）ので、リブ１３Ａ、２３Ａの板厚は
リブ１３Ｂ、２３Ａの板厚よりも大きい。リブ１３Ｂ、
２３Ｂの板厚は他のリブ１３の板厚よりも大きい。リブ
１３Ａ、１３Ｂ、１３と面板１１、１２、２１、２２と
の接続部は円弧状である。また、接続部の厚さは強度の
観点から定めている。【００１９】面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの端部、すなわち突き
合わせ部の構成について説明する。面板２２ｂの端部に
は面板１２ｂ側に突出する台形状の凸部２２ｃがある。
面板１２ｂの端部の隣接する中空形材の端面１２ｂｃは
面板２２ｂの凸部２２ｃを受け入れる台形状の凹部１２
ｃがある。凸部２２ｃが凹部１２ｃに入ると、面板１２
ｂ、２２ｂの下面（車体の外面）１２ｂｃ、２２ｂｃは
実質的に同一面になる。【００２０】また、面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの端面１２ｄ、
２２ｄは接触できる。凹部１２ｃ、凸部２２ｃを除く面
板１２ｂ、２２ｂの端面１２ｄ、２２ｄは面板１２ｂ、
２２ｂの厚さ方向に実質的に直交している。凹部１２ｃ
の高さ、深さは凸部２２ｃのそれよりも大きい。凹部１
２ｃ、凸部２２ｃの上端部は面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの上面
（車体の内面）１２ｂｂ、２２ｂｂの延長線上よりも上
方にある。つまり、凹部１２ｃ、凸部２２ｃの上端部は
凸部１６、２６内にある。【００２１】この構造体の製作方法を説明する。中空形
材１０、２０をベッド４０に載せる。次に、面板１２
ｂ、２２ｂを突き合わせて、面板２２ｂの端部の凸部２
２ｃを面板１２ｂの凹部１２ｃに嵌め合わせる。これに
よって、面板１２ｃ、２２ｃの下面（車体の外面）は実
質的に同一面になる。一方の中空形材が上下方向に波状
になっている場合は、この中空形材を上方から押さえる
等によって、凸部２２ｃを凹部１２ｃに入れる。中空形
材が上下方向に波状になっている場合は、突き合わせ後
も波状かまたはほぼ直線状になろう。面板１２ｂ、２２
ｂの外面は実質的に同一面になる。端面１２ｄ、２２ｄ
は接触するか近接する。【００２２】次に、この中空形材１０、２０をベッド４
０に固定する。次に、端面１２ｄ、２２ｄの部分を上方
からアーク溶接によって仮止めする。仮止め溶接は間欠
的である。面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの突き合わせ部が載るベ
ッド４０の上面は平らである。面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの突
き合わせ部付近、リブ１３Ａ、２３Ａと面板１２ｂ、２
２ｂとの交点付近、リブ１３Ｂ、２３Ｂと面板１２、２
２との交点付近の三者は同一高さのベッド２４０に載っ
ている。【００２３】この状態において、摩擦攪拌接合装置の回
転工具２５０を上方から凸部１６、２６の突き合わせ部
に挿入した状態で、接合線に沿って移動させ、摩擦攪拌
接合する。回転工具２５０の軸心は鉛直方向（接合部の
法線に沿った方向）である。ただし、回転工具２５０の
進行方向に対しては軸心は公知のように傾斜している。【００２４】回転工具２５０は大径部２５２とその先端
の小径部２５１とからなる。小径部２５１の先端（下
端）は面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの下面の近傍に位置してい
る。すなわち、小径部２５１の下端は凹部１２ｃの下端
よりも下方に位置する。大径部２５２の下端は凸部１
６、２６の頂と面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの車内側の面（面板
１１、２１側の面）との間に位置している。大径部２５
２の径は２つの凸部１６、２６からなる幅よりも小さ
い。小径部２５１はねじである。小径部２５１の径は凹
部１２ｃの深さＳよりも大きい。これによって突き合わ
せ部の凹凸部１２ｃ、２２ｃを小径部２５１によって攪
拌できる。図３に示すように、端面１２ｄから凹部１２
ｃの深さＳの１／２の位置に回転工具２５０の軸心を位
置させる。摩擦攪拌接合の際、凸部１６、２６の頂面を
回転工具２５０とともに移動するローラで下方に押さえ
ている。【００２５】レーザセンサで凸部１６、２６を検出す
る。これによって凸部１６、２６の高さ位置を求め、回
転工具２５０の挿入量を定める。また、２つの凸部１
６、２６の突き合わせ部の隙間（端面１２ｄ、２２ｄの
間）を求め、この位置に回転工具２５０の軸心を一致さ
せる。【００２６】この摩擦攪拌接合によって、面板１２ｂ、
２２ｂの突き合わせ部の隙間（端面１２ｄ、２２ｄの間
の隙間、凹部１２ｃと凸部２２ｃの隙間）は埋められ
て、接合される。隙間を埋める金属の原資は凸部１６、
２６である。面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの外面側（車外側）は
平らに接合される。面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの外面側には接
合線の凹部や段差はない。凸部１６、２６の上面は回転
工具２５０の大径部２５２によって凹状になる。凹部の
両側には凸部１６、２６が残る。【００２７】次に、面板１１、２１の座１７、２７に接
続材３０を載せる。次に、接続材３０の端部を面板１
１、２１に対してそれぞれアーク溶接によって仮止めす
る。仮止め溶接は間欠的である。【００２８】次に、面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの突き合わせ部
の摩擦攪拌接合に用いた摩擦攪拌接合装置を用いて接続
材３０と座１７、２７との接合を行う。回転工具２５０
を上方から接続材３０と座２７を重ねた部分に挿入した
状態で、接合線に沿って移動させ、摩擦攪拌接合する。【００２９】凸部３５の幅は回転工具２５０の大径部２
５２の径よりも大きい。凸部３５の幅の中心に溝３６が
ある。回転工具２５０の回転軸心を溝３６に一致させ
る。回転工具２５０の小径部２５１の先端は座１７、２
７に深く挿入している。これによって、重ね接合が行わ
れる。大径部２５２の下端は非凸部の接続材３０の上面
と凸部３５の頂との間にある。凸部３５の上面は回転工
具２５０の大径部２５２によって凹状になる。凸部３５
の上面は回転工具２５０の大径部２５２によって凹状に
なる。凹部の両側には凸部３５が残る。【００３０】摩擦攪拌接合装置の前記センサは溝３６を
検出して、溝３６に沿って回転工具２５０を移動させ
る。回転工具２５０の軸心は２つのリブ１３Ａ、１３Ｂ
（２３Ａ、２３Ｂ）によるトラスの頂点またはその近傍
を通る鉛直線上にある。偏芯に対しては、リブ１３Ａ、
１３Ｂ（２３Ａ、２３Ｂ）の板厚の増大、リブと面板と
を接続する円弧の形状、接続部の厚さ、座１７、２７の
厚さ等によって対応する。接続材３０の接合は座１７と
の接合を行い、次に座２７との接合を行う。２つの回転
工具を用いれば、接続材３０の両端の接合を同時にでき
る。【００３１】これによれば、中空形材の両面の接合を片
面側から行うことができる。このため、一方の面を接合
した構造体を反転させる必要がない。したがって、安価
に、また高精度に製作できるものである。【００３２】また、面板１２ｂ、２２ｂの接合部の外面
は平らに接合できる。凸部１６、２６、３５は構造体内
や車内側にあり、平滑な面が要求される箇所（外面側、
車外側）にはない。また、車外側には回転工具によって
切削されて生じる凹部もない。このため、凸部の切削等
を不要にでき、車体を安価に製作できるものである。【００３３】また、面板１２ｂ、２６ｂの突き合わせ部
は凹部１２ｃと凸部２２ｃとによって嵌め合わせている
ので、２つの面板１２ｂ、２２ｂは一体になり、その外
面は実質的に同一面になる。このため、従来のような段
差がないので、摩擦攪拌接合後、外面側を切削すること
が不要になる。また、切削によって面板１１ｂ、２２ｂ
の板厚が低下することがないので、中空形材を軽量にで
きるものである。もちろん、若干の切削は必要により行
う。【００３４】凸部２２ｃは台形状であるので、凹部１２
ｃに容易に入る。凸部２２ｃは先端の大きさが端面２２
ｄ側よりも小さい形状、例えば、三角形状にできる。一
方、凹部１２ｃも同様の目的で、凹部の底が端面１２ｄ
側よりも小さい形状、例えば、三角形状にできる。面板
１２ｂ、２２ｂの突き合わせ部には凸部１６、２６があ
るので、凸部２２ｃ、凹部１２ｃの隙間を金属で補填で
きる。【００３５】回転工具２５０の軸心は面板の端面１２ｄ
（２２ｄ）の位置にすることができる。しかし、凹部１
２ｃの深さの半分の位置を回転工具２５０の軸心の目標
位置とすれば、小径部２５１の径を小さくできる。凸部
１６、２６によって面板の端部は厚くなっているので、
面板の端部に凹部１２ｃ、凸部２２ｃを容易に設置でき
る。このため、凸部１６、２６を有効に利用できる。【００３６】接続材３０を載せる箇所は摩擦撹拌接合時
の荷重に耐える構造、箇所であればよい。例えば、前記
特開平９−３０９１６４号公報（ＥＰ０７９７０４３Ａ
２）の図９のようにできる。【００３７】上記実施例の形材は中空形材であったが、
中空部は必要でない。また、面板１６、１６ｂ、２２、
２２ｂにリブのみあるものでもよい。また、ベッド４０
はローラなどの裏当てで代用できる。また、上記によっ
て接合したものは建築物などの構造物の外面（目視でき
る面）に使用できる。【００３８】本発明の技術的範囲は、特許請求の範囲の
各請求項に記載の文言あるいは課題を解決するための手
段の項に記載の文言に限定されず、当業者がそれから容
易に置き換えられる範囲にも及ぶものである。【００３９】【発明の効果】本発明によれば、形材の板の突き合わせ
部を嵌め合わせた後、摩擦攪拌接合するようにしている
ので、板を段差無しに接合できるものである。また、回
転工具の小径部の径が小さい回転工具を用いて良好に摩
擦攪拌接合できるものである。 Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method of friction stir welding of profiles. For example, the present invention is suitable for a friction stir welding method of an extruded aluminum alloy material used for railway vehicles, buildings, and the like. [0002] In a friction stir welding method, a round bar (referred to as a rotary tool) inserted into a joint is moved along a joining line while rotating, so that the joint is heated, softened, and plastically fluidized. And a method of solid-phase bonding. The rotary tool has a small diameter portion inserted into the joint and a large diameter portion located outside. The small diameter part and the large diameter part are coaxial. The boundary between the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion is slightly inserted into the joint. This is disclosed in JP-A-9-3091.
No. 64 (EP0797043A2). FIG. 9 of this document shows that the joining of two surfaces of a hollow extruded profile is performed from one side. That is, the plates on one side are abutted, and friction stir welding is performed from the other side. The outer surface of the plate is joined flat. The end of the plate on the one surface is orthogonal to the thickness direction. FIG. 7 of the above document shows that good friction stir welding is achieved by joining members provided with protrusions. [0004] The above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9-309 is disclosed.
Consider a case where two long plates (extruded members) are butt-joined as shown in FIG. 9 of Japanese Patent Publication No. 164 (EP0797043A2). In joining, friction stir welding is performed while the plate at the joint is held down from above. The holding device is a holding bracket or a roller that moves together with the rotary tool. Also, after temporarily welding the two plates at a predetermined pitch,
Press with a roller to perform friction stir welding. When the plate is a long material, the ends of the plate may be deformed in a wavy shape in the longitudinal direction. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, in the abutting portion, the ends of the two plates B1 and B2 have a step in the vertical direction. This step can be eliminated by pressing from above. However, in order to eliminate this step,
It is necessary to reduce the pitch of the holding metal, and the device becomes expensive. Further, in the case of performing friction stir welding after the temporary fixing welding, it is necessary that there is no step at the time of the temporary fixing welding, and there is a similar problem. If temporary welding is performed in a state where a step is formed, the step cannot be eliminated thereafter. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a butt-joining of plates in which a joining portion has no step. The above object is achieved by abutting an end of a first plate with an end of a second plate, and attaching the second plate to the end of the first plate. There is a protrusion protruding on the side of the plate, the end of the second plate has a recess for receiving the protrusion, and when the butts are abutted, the protrusion is in the recess, In friction stir welding the butted portion with a rotary tool , one of the plates
This can be achieved by inserting a rotary tool from the surface side and performing friction stir welding with the axis of the rotary tool substantially positioned at half the depth of the recess. FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 show an embodiment of the present invention.
This will be described below. FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of the butt joint of FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a butt portion of FIG.
It is a figure which shows the state of the butting part before butting of an extruded shape material, and FIG. 3 has shown the state after butting.
4 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 5, and FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the side structure of FIG. The vehicle body 200 has a side structure 20 forming a side surface.
1, a roof structure 202 constituting a roof, an underframe 203 constituting a floor, and a wife structure 204 constituting an end in a longitudinal direction. The side structure 201, the roof structure 202, and the underframe 203 are each formed by joining a plurality of extruded members. The longitudinal direction of the extruded profile is set to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. The extruded profile is a hollow profile made of an aluminum alloy. The structure and joining method of the hollow sections 10 and 20 for friction stir welding forming the side structure 201 will be described. The same applies to other parts and other structures. Hollow profile 1
Reference numerals 0 and 20 each include two face plates 11, 12, 21 and 22 and a plurality of ribs 13 and 23 arranged in a truss shape. The two face plates 11, 12 (21, 22) are substantially parallel. The pitch of the truss by the ribs 13 and 23 is the same. The truss is constituted by the center line of the thickness of the ribs 13 and 23 and the face plates 11, 12, 21 and 22. The vertices are face plates 11, 1
It is on the 2, 21, 22 side. Rails 19 and 29 for mounting equipment are integrally provided near the top of the truss inside the vehicle. The rails 19 and 29 are composed of two L-shaped members. The rails serve as seats for equipment such as interior boards and chairs. The ends of the face plates 12 and 22 located on the outer surface side of the vehicle body protrude toward the adjacent hollow members 20 and 10 than the ends of the face plates 11 and 21 inside the vehicle. The protruding face plates are called 12b and 22b. The ends of the face plates 12b and 22b are abutted against each other to perform friction stir welding. The butting portions are butted so that the gap is small. Face plate 12
The plate thickness of b and 22b is larger than the plate thickness of the face plates 12 and 22 in the other portions. The hollow sections 10, 20 rest on a bed 240 with the face plates 12, 22 downward. The side of the face plates 11 and 21 faces upward. The rotary tool 250 is inserted into the butted portion from above to perform friction stir welding. It can be said that friction stir welding is performed from the inside of the car. At the ends of the face plates 12b and 22b, a convex portion 1 protruding toward the inside of the vehicle (that is, toward the face plates 11 and 21).
6, 26. The widths and heights of the projections 16 and 26 are substantially the same. An end of the face plate 11 on the inside of the vehicle and an end of the face plate 21 are joined via a connecting member 30. Connection material 3
The zero end rests (overlaps) on a seat 27 (17) provided at the top of the truss. Seat 27 (17) is rib 2
It is at the intersection of 3A (13A) and rib 23B (13B). The intersection is located at the center of the width of the seat 27 (17). That is, the vertex of the end truss is located at the center of the width of the seat 27 (17). The width of the seat 27 (17) is the same as the width of the projection 35 of the connection member 30. The seat 27 (17) is recessed from the outer surface of the face plate 21 (11). End 27b of face plate 21 (11)
(17b) is inclined as a groove for arc welding with the connecting member 30. The connecting members 30 are arranged so that the surfaces of the face plates 11 and 21 are continuous. For this reason, the seat 27 (17) is recessed by the thickness of the face plate 21 (11) with respect to the outer surface of the face plate 21 (11).
The center of the connecting member 30 excluding the both ends 35 is a plate 31 whose thickness is substantially the same as the thickness of the face plate 21 (11). At both ends of the connecting member 30, there are convex portions 35 projecting upward. There is a V-shaped groove 36 on the upper surface of the projection. The groove 36 is located at the center of the width of the projection 35. The width of the convex portion 35 is larger than the diameter of the large diameter portion 252 of the rotary tool 250. The groove 36 is an object for position detection for guiding the rotary tool 250. The groove 36 is detected by the laser sensor so that the axis of the rotary tool 250 coincides with the groove 36. On the extension of the groove 36, that is, on the axis of the rotary tool 250, the two ribs 1
There is an intersection of 3A (23A) and 13B (23B). The width of the connecting member 30 is two hollow members 10, 2
0 is smaller than the interval between the face plates 11 and 21. The connecting member 30 is an extruded member made of the same material as the hollow members 10 and 20.
The length of the connecting member 30 is the same as the length of the hollow members 10 and 20. Distance P from end of face plate 11 to end of face plate 21
(From the top of the truss at the end of the hollow section 10 to the hollow section 20
Is the same as the pitch P of the trusses at other positions. The hollow truss truss is face plate 1
When the vertices are on the 1, 12, 21, and 22 sides, it is an isosceles triangle. However, the trusses at the ends of the hollow members 10, 20 are not isosceles triangles. For this reason, the rib 13A (23A) is
2 (22). Rib 13A and face plate 1
2 and the connection between the rib 23A and the face plate 22 have a space for inserting the friction stir welding apparatus. Since the ribs 13A and 23A stand up (θ1 is smaller) than the ribs 13B and 23A, the thickness of the ribs 13A and 23A is larger than the thickness of the ribs 13B and 23A. Rib 13B,
The plate thickness of 23B is larger than the plate thickness of the other ribs 13. The connection between the ribs 13A, 13B, 13 and the face plates 11, 12, 21, 22 is arc-shaped. Further, the thickness of the connection portion is determined from the viewpoint of strength. The configuration of the ends of the face plates 12b and 22b, that is, the butting portion will be described. At the end of the face plate 22b, there is a trapezoidal protrusion 22c protruding toward the face plate 12b .
The end face 12bc of the hollow member adjacent to the end of the face plate 12b has a trapezoidal concave portion 12 for receiving the convex portion 22c of the face plate 22b.
There is c. When the convex portion 22c enters the concave portion 12c, the face plate 12
The lower surfaces (outer surfaces of the vehicle body) 12bc and 22bc of b and 22b are substantially the same. The end faces 12d of the face plates 12b and 22b,
22d can contact. The end faces 12d and 22d of the face plates 12b and 22b excluding the concave portions 12c and the protruding portions 22c are face plates 12b and
22b is substantially orthogonal to the thickness direction. Recess 12c
Is greater in height and depth than that of the protrusion 22c. Recess 1
2c, the upper end of the convex portion 22c is located above the extension of the upper surface (the inner surface of the vehicle body) 12bb, 22bb of the face plates 12b, 22b. That is, the upper ends of the concave portion 12c and the convex portion 22c are inside the convex portions 16 and 26. A method for manufacturing this structure will be described. The hollow members 10 and 20 are placed on a bed 40. Next, the face plate 12
b, 22b butted against each other to form a projection 2 at the end of the face plate 22b.
2c is fitted into recess 12c of face plate 12b. As a result, the lower surfaces (outer surfaces of the vehicle body) of the face plates 12c and 22c become substantially the same. If one of the hollow sections is wavy in the vertical direction, the convex section 22c is inserted into the concave section 12c by pressing the hollow section from above. If the hollow profile is wavy in the vertical direction, it will be wavy or nearly straight after the butting. Face plates 12b, 22
The outer surface of b is substantially the same. End faces 12d, 22d
Touch or approach. Next, the hollow members 10 and 20 are
Fix to 0. Next, the end faces 12d and 22d are temporarily fixed by arc welding from above. Temporary welding is intermittent. The upper surface of the bed 40 on which the butted portions of the face plates 12b and 22b are placed is flat. Near the butted portion of the face plates 12b and 22b, the ribs 13A and 23A and the face plates 12b and 2b
2b, near the intersection with the ribs 13B, 23B and the face plates 12, 2
The three persons near the intersection with 2 are on a bed 240 of the same height. In this state, the friction stir welding is performed by moving the rotary tool 250 of the friction stir welding apparatus along the welding line with the rotary tool 250 being inserted from above into the butted portions of the projections 16 and 26. The axis of the rotary tool 250 is in the vertical direction (the direction along the normal line of the joint). However, the axis is inclined in a known manner with respect to the traveling direction of the rotary tool 250. The rotary tool 250 has a large diameter portion 252 and a small diameter portion 251 at the tip thereof. The distal end (lower end) of the small diameter portion 251 is located near the lower surfaces of the face plates 12b and 22b. That is, the lower end of the small diameter portion 251 is located below the lower end of the concave portion 12c. The lower end of the large diameter portion 252 is the convex portion 1
It is located between the tops 6 and 26 and the inner surface of the face plates 12b and 22b (the surface on the side of the face plates 11 and 21). Large diameter part 25
The diameter of 2 is smaller than the width formed by the two convex portions 16 and 26. The small diameter portion 251 is a screw. The diameter of the small diameter portion 251 is larger than the depth S of the concave portion 12c. Thus, the uneven portions 12c and 22c of the butted portion can be stirred by the small diameter portion 251. As shown in FIG.
The axis of the rotary tool 250 is positioned at a position １／ of the depth S of c. At the time of friction stir welding, the top surfaces of the projections 16 and 26 are held down by rollers that move together with the rotary tool 250. The convex portions 16 and 26 are detected by a laser sensor. Thus, the height positions of the convex portions 16 and 26 are obtained, and the insertion amount of the rotary tool 250 is determined. In addition, two convex portions 1
A gap (between the end faces 12d and 22d) between the butting portions 6 and 26 is obtained, and the axis of the rotary tool 250 is made to coincide with this position. By this friction stir welding, the face plate 12b,
The gap between the butting portions 22b (the gap between the end faces 12d and 22d, the gap between the concave portion 12c and the convex portion 22c) is filled and joined. The source of the metal that fills the gap is the convex 16,
26. The outer surfaces (outside of the vehicle) of the face plates 12b and 22b are joined flat. There are no concave portions or steps of the joining line on the outer surface side of the face plates 12b and 22b. The upper surfaces of the convex portions 16 and 26 are concave by the large diameter portion 252 of the rotary tool 250. The protrusions 16 and 26 remain on both sides of the recess. Next, the connecting member 30 is placed on the seats 17 and 27 of the face plates 11 and 21. Next, the end of the connection member 30 is attached to the face plate 1.
1 and 21 are temporarily fixed by arc welding. Temporary welding is intermittent. Next, the connection member 30 and the seats 17 and 27 are joined using the friction stir welding apparatus used for friction stir welding of the butted portions of the face plates 12b and 22b. Rotary tool 250
Is moved along the joining line in a state where the connecting member 30 and the seat 27 are inserted from above into the overlapped portion, and friction stir welding is performed. The width of the convex portion 35 is the large diameter portion 2 of the rotary tool 250.
52 is larger than the diameter. A groove 36 is provided at the center of the width of the protrusion 35. The rotation axis of the rotary tool 250 is aligned with the groove 36. The tip of the small diameter portion 251 of the rotary tool 250 is
7 deeply inserted. Thereby, lap joining is performed. The lower end of the large diameter portion 252 is located between the upper surface of the non-convex connecting member 30 and the top of the convex portion 35. The upper surface of the convex portion 35 is concave by the large diameter portion 252 of the rotary tool 250. Convex part 35
Is concave due to the large diameter portion 252 of the rotary tool 250. The convex portions 35 remain on both sides of the concave portions. The sensor of the friction stir welding apparatus detects the groove 36 and moves the rotary tool 250 along the groove 36. The axis of the rotary tool 250 has two ribs 13A and 13B.
(23A, 23B) on a vertical line passing at or near the vertex of the truss. For eccentricity, rib 13A,
13B (23A, 23B), the shape of the arc connecting the rib and the face plate, the thickness of the connection portion, the thickness of the seats 17, 27, and the like correspond. The joining of the connecting member 30 is performed by joining with the seat 17 and then with the seat 27. If two rotating tools are used, both ends of the connecting member 30 can be joined at the same time. According to this, the joining of both sides of the hollow profile can be performed from one side. For this reason, there is no need to invert the structure in which one surface is joined. Therefore, it can be manufactured at low cost and with high precision. The outer surface of the joint between the face plates 12b and 22b can be joined flat. The convex portions 16, 26, and 35 are located inside the structure or inside the vehicle, and are required to have a smooth surface (the outer surface side,
Outside). In addition, there is no concave portion formed by cutting with the rotary tool on the outside of the vehicle. For this reason, the cutting of the convex portion can be made unnecessary, and the vehicle body can be manufactured at low cost. Since the butted portions of the face plates 12b and 26b are fitted by the concave portion 12c and the convex portion 22c, the two face plates 12b and 22b are integrated and the outer surfaces thereof are substantially the same. For this reason, since there is no step as in the related art, it is not necessary to cut the outer surface after the friction stir welding. Also, the face plates 11b and 22b are cut by cutting.
The thickness of the hollow profile can be reduced because the thickness of the hollow profile does not decrease. Of course, some cutting is performed as needed. Since the convex portion 22c has a trapezoidal shape, the concave portion 12c
Enter c easily. The size of the tip of the convex part 22c is the end face 22.
The shape can be smaller than the d-side, for example, triangular. On the other hand, the concave portion 12c has the same purpose, and the bottom of the concave portion is the end surface 12d.
The shape can be smaller than the side, for example, triangular. Since the abutting portions of the face plates 12b and 22b have the convex portions 16 and 26, the gap between the convex portion 22c and the concave portion 12c can be filled with metal. The axis of the rotary tool 250 is the end face 12d of the face plate.
(22d). However, recess 1
If the position at half the depth of 2c is the target position of the axis of the rotary tool 250, the diameter of the small diameter portion 251 can be reduced. Since the end portions of the face plate are thickened by the convex portions 16 and 26,
The concave portion 12c and the convex portion 22c can be easily installed at the end of the face plate. For this reason, the convex portions 16 and 26 can be used effectively. The connection member 30 may be placed on any structure and location that can withstand the load during friction stir welding. For example, JP-A-9-309164 (EP0797043A)
As shown in FIG. 9 of 2). Although the profile in the above embodiment was a hollow profile,
No hollow is necessary. In addition, face plates 16, 16b, 22,
22b may have only ribs. Bed 40
Can be replaced with a backing such as a roller. Moreover, what was joined by the above can be used for the outer surface (visible surface) of a structure such as a building. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the language described in each claim of the claims or the language described in the section of the means for solving the problems, and is easily replaced by those skilled in the art. It extends to a range. According to the present invention, since the friction stir welding is performed after the butt portions of the shaped plates are fitted together, the plates can be joined without any step. Also, times
Using a rotary tool with a small diameter at the small diameter part of the rotary tool
It can be rub-stirred and joined.

【図面の簡単な説明】【図１】本発明の一実施例の突き合わせ接合部の縦断面
図。【図２】図１の突き合わせ接合部の突き合わせ前の縦断
面図。【図３】図１の突き合わせ接合部の突き合わせ後の縦断
面図。【図４】本発明の一実施例の中空形材の接合部の中空形
材の縦断面図。【図５】本発明一実施例の一組の中空形材の縦断面図。【図６】鉄道車両の車体の斜視図。【図７】従来の突き合わせ部の縦断面図。【符号の説明】１０、２０中空形材１２、１２ｂ、２２、２２ｂ面板１２ｃ、１６、２２ｃ、２６凹部１２ｂｃ、２２ｂｃ外面３０接続材４０ベッド２０１側構体２０２屋根構体２０３台枠２５０回転工具BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a butt joint according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the butt joint portion of FIG. 1 before butting; FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view after a butt joint of FIG. 1 has been butted; FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a hollow section at a joint of the hollow sections according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of a pair of hollow profiles according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a vehicle body of a railway vehicle. FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view of a conventional butting portion. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10, 20 Hollow profiles 12, 12b, 22, 22b Face plates 12c, 16, 22c, 26 Recesses 12bc, 22bc Outer surface 30 Connecting material 40 Bed 201 Side structure 202 Roof structure 203 Underframe 250 Rotary tool

フロントページの続き (72)発明者稲佳彦山口県下松市大字東豊井794番地株式会社日立製作所笠戸事業所内 (72)発明者松永徹也山口県下松市大字東豊井794番地株式会社日立製作所笠戸事業所内 (56)参考文献特開平11−267859（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開平11−28583（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開平11−90654（ＪＰ，Ａ) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.⁷，ＤＢ名) B23K 20/12 Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshihiko Ina 794, Higashi-Toyoi, Oji, Kudamatsu-shi, Yamaguchi Pref.Hitachi, Ltd.Kasato Works, Hitachi, Ltd. In-house (56) References JP-A-11-267859 (JP, A) JP-A-11-28583 (JP, A) JP-A-11-90654 (JP, A) (58) Fields studied (Int. . ^7, DB name) B23K 20/12

Claims

(57) Claims 1. The end of the first plate and the end of the second plate are abutted, and the end of the first plate is in contact with the end of the second plate. There is a protrusion projecting to the side, the end of the second plate has a recess for receiving the protrusion, and when the butts are butted, the protrusions are in the recesses. and the Upon friction stir welding by the rotary tool portion, the rotary tool from one face side of the plate
And performing friction stir welding by substantially positioning the axis of the rotary tool at a position half the depth of the concave portion.