JP3246701B2 - 3D display device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a three-dimensional display device, and more particularly to a three-dimensional display device for displaying a moving image in three dimensions.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As such a stereoscopic display device, for example, one having a configuration as shown in FIG. 20 is known.

In FIG. 1, images (a parallax image) of a three-dimensional object α1 taken from different directions are taken by cameras α2 and α3. These cameras α2 and α
3 through the video signal exchange α4.
It is alternately input to the RT display device α5 for each field.

On the other hand, the observer α7 has liquid crystal shutter glasses α6.
To observe the CRT display device α5, and the liquid crystal shutter glasses α6 are connected to the CRT display device α5.
When the camera is displaying an image from the camera α2, the glasses on the left side are in a transparent state, and when displaying an image from the camera α3, the glasses on the right side are in a transparent state. .

[0005] Due to the afterimage effect of the observer α7, a parallax image can be simultaneously viewed by both eyes and stereoscopically viewed.

[0006]

However, in the three-dimensional display device configured as described above, although the convergence point is often before and after the screen, the image is displayed on the display surface. In the eyes of the observer α7, a problem has been pointed out that inconsistency occurs in the parallax, convergence, and focal length adjustment, resulting in a feeling of fatigue.

Therefore, the present invention has been made to achieve such an object, and an object of the present invention is to make the observer's eyes inconsistent with its parallax, convergence, and focal length adjustment. An object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic display device that does not occur.

[0008]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Among the inventions disclosed in the present application, the outline of a representative one will be briefly described.
It is as follows.

Means 1. In a stereoscopic display device that can be viewed through glasses that alternately transmit and block light alternately in a time division manner with respect to each of both eyes, an optical scanning device that scans a light beam or a display projection device that projects a flat display image, A plurality of scatter factor control devices for controlling the scatter factor of the at least one scatter factor control device according to the depth of an image displayed by the optical scanning device or the display projection device. Is controlled so as to change.

Means 2. An optical scanning device that scans a light beam or a display projection device that projects a flat display image, a plurality of scattering rate control devices that control the scattering rate of light, and a polarization direction corresponding to the display of the optical scanning device or the display projection device. A variable polarizing device for differentiating, and eyeglasses that transmit light of different polarization directions to each of the two eyes, the scattering rate control device, the light scanning device or display projection device to display the depth of the image displayed Therefore, control is performed to change the scattering rate of at least one scattering rate control device.

Means 3. An optical scanning device that scans two light beams or a display projection device that projects a planar display image;
A polarizing device that makes the polarization direction different for each optical scanning device or display projection device, a plurality of scattering ratio controllers that control the light scattering ratio, and a light beam with different polarization directions transmitted to each of the eyes Glasses, and the scattering rate control device is controlled to change the scattering rate of at least one scattering rate control device according to the depth of an image displayed by the optical scanning device or the display projection device. It is a feature.

Means 4. In any one of the configurations of the above means 1 to 3, a plurality of scattering rate control devices are arranged side by side at a predetermined distance in a depth direction away from the eye, a configuration in which the size increases as the distance from the eye increases, The present invention is characterized by combining at least two or more of the configurations for forming a curvature for correcting the aberration of the projection lens of the display projection device.

Means 5 In any one of the constitutions of the means 1 to 4, the scattering index control device is characterized by comprising a transparent electrode and a variable refractive index medium or a combination of a variable refractive index medium and a polymer. Is what you do.

In the constitution of the means 6, the scattering rate control device is characterized in that the transparent electrode is divided into a plurality of strips.

Means 7 In the configuration of the means 5, the scattering rate control device is characterized in that the substrate contains a polymer.

Means 8 In the configuration of the means 5, the variable-refractive-index medium is formed of a medium containing liquid crystal.

[0017]

According to the construction of the means 1, the position at which the light from the optical scanning device or the display / projection device is scattered is changed in the depth direction by a plurality of scattering rate control devices so that the volume type 3 is changed.
Since the two-dimensional display is performed, and the display presented to each of the two eyes is separated according to the polarization direction, the main elements that give a stereoscopic effect are the binocular parallax, the convergence of the two eyes, and the distance adjustment function of the trouble point of the eyes. A three-dimensional image that does not cause inconsistency can be reproduced in an electrically rewritable form.

According to the configuration of the above-described means 2, in addition to the effect obtained by the means 1, it is possible to eliminate the necessity of performing separate control of display presentation on the glasses.

According to the configuration of the means 3, the same effects as those of the means 2 can be obtained.

According to the structure of the means 4, the viewing angle in the depth direction can be improved.

According to the configuration of the means 5, the size and the control can be simplified.

According to the configuration of the means 6, the object of the present invention can be achieved, and further simple control can be performed.

According to the configuration of the means 7, the weight can be reduced.

According to the structure of the means 8, the size can be reduced and the control can be performed with high accuracy.

[0025]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of a stereoscopic display device according to the present invention will be described below. In each of the embodiments described below, description will be made mainly on a plane including both eyes of the observer. This is because it is easy to feel a three-dimensional effect. However, it goes without saying that the same applies to other aspects.

Embodiment 1 FIG . FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing one embodiment of a stereoscopic display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram on a plane including both eyes of an observer.

In FIG. 1, an optical scanning device or a display projection device 1a1 and a plurality of scattering rate control devices 1a arranged in parallel are provided.
2 and a pair of eyeglasses 1a4 equipped with a transmission / blocking device that alternately transmits and blocks the right and left eyes alternately.
R, 1a5L. For example, a light beam is scanned by the optical scanning device 1a1 toward the scattering rate control device 1a2, or a flat display image is projected from the display projection device 1a1 toward the scattering rate control device 1a2, and the scattering rate control is performed in accordance with the display image. By changing the scattering rate of the device 1a2, a volume scanning type three-dimensional display can be realized.

Here, the optical device 1a1 comprises, for example, a combination of a light source (semiconductor laser, lamp, LED, CRT, etc.), a mirror and a mirror driving device, a combination of a light source and a light changing device, and the like. . Display projection device 1a1
Are, for example, a combination of a light source and a light transmittance control device (such as a liquid crystal display device) or a light-emitting display device (an LED display device,
(A plasma display device, a fluorescent tube display device, a CRT, etc.). Further, the scattering rate control device 1a2 is configured to include, for example, a transparent electrode (ITO film, ZnOx film, etc.) and a refractive index variable medium (a medium containing a liquid crystal, a material having an electro-optical effect, a chromic material, or the like). . Further, the transmission / blocking device is composed of, for example, a liquid crystal display device that is not divided into pixels. Obviously, various other materials, devices and combinations having the same function can be considered.

The three-dimensional display device configured as described above is to change the scattering rate of the scattering rate control device 1a2 in accordance with the display of the optical scanning device or the display projection device 1a1. That is, for example, when an image at the position 1a6 in FIG. 2 is to be expressed, the light at the scattering rate control device 1a7 arranged at a depth position corresponding to the position of the image 1a6 among the plurality of scattering rate control devices 1a2. Is set to be large, and the scattering ratio of another scattering ratio control device is set to be small (for example, 20% or less).

Thus, for example, the light 1a9 from the optical scanning device or the display projection device 1a1 is scattered.
Since the light is scattered only at a7, the depth position of the image 1a6 can be expressed.

In the spectacles 1a4, transmission / blocking is repeated in accordance with the time at which the optical scanning device or the display / projection device 1a1 displays images corresponding to the left and right eyes, so that the left and right eyes 1a5R, 1a5L are not displayed. It will look separate.

For this reason, in such an embodiment, it is possible to eliminate the contradiction between the focus adjustment of the eye and the binocular parallax or the convergence of the two eyes, thereby realizing a natural stereoscopic view that provides a sufficient stereoscopic effect. You can do it.

Here, in FIG. 1, the depth direction is represented by a plurality of scattering rate control devices fixedly arranged in the depth direction, but as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the scattering device is controlled by the moving device 1b8. The same purpose can be achieved by moving 1b7 in the depth direction or by moving the scattering rate control device in the depth direction by the rotating device 1b9 as shown in FIG. 3B. In this case, effects such as reduction in the number of scattering rate control devices and improvement in light use efficiency are provided.

In FIG. 1, a case has been described in which, for example, the scattering rate of one scattering rate controller 1a7 is set large for one image point 1a6, but as shown in FIG. It goes without saying that the scattering rate of the rate control device may be increased. In this case, for example, an image 1c6 viewed through a see-through material 1c10 such as glass can be expressed. That is, the fogging and reflection of the glass are caused by the left and right eyes 1c5.
R, the scattering rate of the scattering rate control device located at a position corresponding to the image 1c10 of the glass as viewed from 1c5L, for example, the scattering rate of the scattering device of 1c9 is lower than that of the scattering control device 1c7 expressing the rear image 1c6. It can be expressed by setting higher by a scattering control device other than.

Further, in such an embodiment, since the number of the scattering rate control devices is limited, the resolution of the depth position is also limited. However, as shown in FIG. 5, the focusing effect of the human eye works only when the visual distance is short (about 2 m or less), and the depth resolution is the highest, compared with the visual distance of 1/10 or more. It can be seen that there is an allowable range between the angle of convergence and the convergence angle as shown in FIG. For this reason, in practice, for example, by disposing 10 to 20 or more scattering rate control devices in the depth direction, it is possible to eliminate the contradiction between the convergence and the focusing operation of the eye. However, the number is not limited to this number. For realizing a complete and natural stereoscopic vision, the number of scattering rate control devices may be increased due to other factors such as securing continuity of dynamic parallax. It is needless to say that may be increased.

Further, as shown in FIG. 7, an optical scanning device or a display projection device 1e1 is arranged on the same side as the eyes 1e5R and 1e5L with respect to the scattering rate control device 1e7, or as shown in FIG. Scanning and display projection from the nearer to the eye using, making it easier to scan and project the display and making the display of the part close to the eye clearer than the display at the back, and the light Scanning device and display projection device 1
Needless to say, a method of reducing the display speed on the angular light scanning device or the display projection device 1e1 by dividing the scanning range and the display range for the scattering rate control device 1e2 by using a plurality of e1s can be considered.

Embodiment 2 FIG . FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a plane including both eyes of the observer.

This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in the method of separating and presenting images to the right and left eyes. That is, in the first embodiment, separate presentation to the left and right eyes 1a5R and 15L is performed by repeating transmission / blocking of the glasses 1a4 corresponding to the presentation time of the image of the optical scanning device or the display projection device 1a1. In contrast, in the present embodiment,
Using the variable polarizer 28, the polarization direction of light passing through the scattering rate controller 22 is changed in a time-division manner, and a difference in transmission characteristics depending on the polarization direction of the polarizer attached to the glasses 24
Images are separately presented to the left and right eyes 25R and 25L.

By doing so, in the first embodiment, it is necessary to send a signal to the glasses 24 which are worn by many people and may move frequently, whereas in the present embodiment, it is necessary to send a signal. It has the effect of disappearing. Here, as the variable polarizing device 28, for example, a liquid crystal display device without dividing the pixel and excluding one of the polarizing plates can be considered.

Embodiment 3 FIG . FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a plane including both eyes of the observer.

The present embodiment also differs from the first and second embodiments in the method of separating and presenting images to the left and right eyes. That is, in the first embodiment, the transmission / reception of the glasses 1a4 corresponding to the presentation time of the image of the optical scanning device or the display projection device 1a1 is repeated. The polarization direction of the light passing through the control device 22 is changed in a time-division manner, and the image is separated into the left and right eyes 1a5R, 1a5L or 25R, 25L due to the difference in transmission characteristics depending on the polarization direction of the polarization device mounted on the glasses 24. Presenting. In contrast, in the present embodiment,
For example, a plurality of optical scanning devices or display projection devices are provided, for example, 3aR and 3aL, and polarization devices 3a8R and 3aL having different polarization directions are installed in front of each,
By using the scattering rate control device 3a2 that almost preserves the polarization direction, the left and right eyes 3a5R, 3a,
Separate presentation of images is performed on a5L.

By doing so, the first embodiment,
In the second embodiment, it is necessary to send a signal to the glasses, for example, 1a4 or the variable polarizer 28, but in the present embodiment, this is not necessary, and the optical scanning device and the display are almost half the speed as compared with the first and second embodiments. There is an effect that the projection device only needs to be driven.

In this embodiment, since there are two optical scanning devices or display projection devices, the problem that the space becomes large easily occurs. In this case, as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, it is arranged near the center, as shown in FIG.
Further, the above problem can be solved by using a prism or the like instead of a mirror and arranging the mirror so as to expand in the left-right direction.

Embodiment 4 FIG . FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

In the figure, the scattering rate control device 4a2
The size is arranged so as to increase as the distance from the left and right eyes 4a5R and 4a5L increases. As a result, for example, it is possible to maintain the same viewing angle as that of an image farther than the eye, even if the image is farther than the eye. In addition, even when the number of pixels displayed at one position is fixed, the viewing angle from the eye is kept substantially constant, so that the effect that the display resolution is felt to be constant for the eye is achieved.

Further, as shown in FIG. 15, by increasing the size of the farthest scattering rate control device 4b11 so as to cover almost the visual field, it is possible to greatly enhance the sense of realism by the so-called capturing effect.

FIG. 16 shows an embodiment for correcting image distortion due to the aberration of the projection lens. In the figure, the scattering rate control device 4c2 is configured to have a curved surface in which image distortion due to lens aberration does not easily occur in the peripheral portion. By doing so, even when the scattering rate control device 4c2 is enlarged, distortion of the entire display can be suppressed. Although only one scattering rate control device is shown in the figure for convenience, it is apparent that the present invention can be applied to a plurality of cases.

Embodiment 5 FIG . FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the scattering rate control device used in the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

In FIG. 9A, the transparent electrode 6a1 (I
It is composed of a combination of a TO film, a ZnOx film, etc.), a transparent electrode 6a2, a polymer 6a3 and a variable refractive index medium 6a4 (liquid crystal, polymer liquid crystal, etc.) therebetween. Transparent electrode 6a1
And the voltage applied between the transparent electrode 6a2 and
For the light 6a5 input to this device, the refractive index of the variable refractive index medium 6a3 changes, and the difference between the refractive index of the polymer 6a4 and the refractive index changes. When the refractive index difference is large, light is largely scattered, and when the refractive index difference is small, the scattering is small. In particular, when there is almost no refractive index difference, light is transmitted without any scattering. That is, the light scattering rate can be changed thereby. Here, when a liquid crystal polymer is used as the variable refractive index medium 6a3, the response speed is slower, but there is an effect that a large device can be easily manufactured.

FIG. 6B shows that the mixing ratio of the polymer 6a8 and the variable refractive index medium 6a9 is opposite to that in the case of FIG. Even with such a configuration, a similar effect can be obtained.

FIG. 9C shows a case where only the variable refractive index medium is used instead of the polymer and the variable refractive index medium. It is composed of a transparent electrode 6b1 (ITO film, ZnOx, etc.), a transparent electrode 6b2, and a variable refractive index medium 6b3 (liquid crystal, polymer liquid crystal, etc.) between them. When a low-frequency voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 6b1 and the transparent electrode 6b2, the molecules constituting the variable refractive index medium move violently in response thereto, so that the light 6b5 input to this device has a non-uniform refractive index. Distribution occurs. When the distribution difference of the refractive index is large, the light is largely scattered, and when the distribution difference of the refractive index difference is small, the scattering is small. That is, the light scattering rate can be changed thereby. Since the refractive index difference can be controlled by a voltage application method (frequency, etc.), the scattering rate can be electrically changed.

Here, FIGS. 7A to 7C show the case where the scattering index is changed by the change in the refractive index by the variable index medium, and depending on the variable index range and the shape of the variable index material. There is a problem that the variable range and the variable center position of the scattering rate are limited. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 7D, by combining with the fixed scatterer 6c6, the variable range can be widened and the variable center position can be set arbitrarily. Many combinations of the fixed scatterers are possible by mixing transparent media (transparent polymer material or the like) having different refractive indexes. In the dynamic configuration, the position of the transparent electrode is provided on the fixed scatterer. However, it goes without saying that the transparent electrode may be provided at a position below the transparent electrode 6c2.

The use of, for example, liquid crystal as the variable-refractive-index medium has the effects that the variable-refractive-index range is widened, the driving voltage can be reduced, and the area can be easily increased.

Embodiment 6 FIG . FIG. 18 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the transparent electrode 5a1 of the scattering rate control device 5a2 is formed in a strip shape, and the scattering rate control device 5a2 having such a configuration is used as shown in FIG. In addition, what is arranged at a predetermined distance is used as the scattering rate control device 5b2.

In this case, for example, after forming a three-dimensional position in the depth direction to be displayed by increasing the scattering factor at a desired position of the strip-like electrode (for example, a dark strip-like portion in the figure). By projecting from the optical scanning device or the display projection device 5b1, three-dimensional display can be performed. Thereby, the scattering rate control device 5b
2 or the optical scanning device or the display projection device 5b1.

Embodiment 7 FIG . FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the scattering rate control device used in the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

The substrates 76 and 77 containing the polymer are used as the substrates for forming the structure as described in the fourth embodiment. By doing so, the weight of the entire apparatus can be reduced. It works.

Further, since a substrate capable of processing a curved surface or a flexible substrate can be used, the effect of being able to provide a curved surface as described in the fourth embodiment is achieved.

[0060]

As will be apparent from the above description, according to the stereoscopic display device of the present invention, there is no inconsistency in the binocular parallax, convergence, focal length adjustment and the like of the observer's eyes. I can do it.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a plane including both eyes of an observer in the configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the scattering rate control device in the configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another embodiment of the scattering rate control device in the configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the scattering rate control device in the configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing another embodiment of the scattering rate control device in the configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a configuration diagram showing a variable example in the configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram showing a variable example in the configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a plane including both eyes of an observer in the configuration of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

12 is an explanatory diagram of a plane including both eyes of an observer in the configuration of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a scattering rate control device used in the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the scattering rate control device used in the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the scattering rate control device used in the stereoscopic display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a configuration diagram illustrating an example of a conventional stereoscopic display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a1 an optical scanning device or a display projection device, 1a2 a scattering rate control device, 1a4 an eyeglass, and 1a6 an image.

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A stereoscopic display device which can be viewed through eyeglasses which alternately transmits and blocks light alternately in a time-sharing manner with respect to each of both eyes, wherein the optical scanning device scans light beams or the display projects a flat display image. A projection device and a plurality of scatter factor control devices for controlling the scatter factor of light, the scatter factor control device comprising at least one scatter factor in accordance with the depth of an image displayed by the optical scanning device or the display projection device. A stereoscopic display device, wherein control is performed so as to change a scattering rate of a control device. 2. An optical scanning device for scanning a light beam or a display projection device for projecting a flat display image, a plurality of scattering rate control devices for controlling a light scattering rate, and a display for the optical scanning device or display projection device. A variable polarizer that makes the polarization directions different according to each other, and glasses that transmit light with different polarization directions to each of the two eyes, wherein the scattering rate control device is displayed by the optical scanning device or the display projection device. A stereoscopic display device, wherein control is performed to change the scattering rate of at least one scattering rate control device according to the depth of an image to be made. 3. An optical scanning device for scanning two light beams or a display projection device for projecting a flat display image, a polarizing device for making the polarization direction different for each optical scanning device or display projection device, and A plurality of scattering rate control devices that control the scattering rate of the light, and glasses that transmit light in different polarization directions to each of the eyes, wherein the scattering rate control device is controlled by the optical scanning device or the display projection device. A stereoscopic display device, wherein control is performed to change the scattering rate of at least one scattering rate control device according to the depth of an image to be displayed. 4. A configuration in which a plurality of scattering rate control devices are arranged side by side at a predetermined distance in a depth direction away from the eyes,
4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least two of a configuration for increasing the size of the projection lens of the display projection device and a configuration for forming a curvature for correcting aberration of the projection lens of the display projection device are combined. The stereoscopic display device according to any one of the three items. 5. A scattering rate control device comprising a transparent electrode and a variable refractive index medium or a combination of a variable refractive index medium and a polymer.
The stereoscopic display device according to any one of the descriptions. 6. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 5, wherein the scattering rate control device has a transparent electrode divided into a plurality of strips. 7. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 5, wherein the scattering rate control device has a substrate containing a polymer. 8. The three-dimensional display device according to claim 5, wherein the variable-refractive-index medium is formed of a medium containing liquid crystal.