JP3176973U - Shunt, calibration current generator, and calibrated current generator - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a shunt that can be used not only for calibration under a direct current application condition but also for calibration under a large current pulse application condition.
First and fourth conductive plates, a first insulator between the first and second conductive plates, and first and second wires are connected to one end of the resistive element. And a plurality of resistors having third and fourth wires connected to the other end. The resistors are arranged on the circumference so that the positions of the first wires and the third wires are radial, the resistors are connected to the second conductive plate, and the third wires The wire is connected to the first conductive plate, or the first wire is connected to the first conductive plate and the third wire is connected to the second conductive plate. In two adjacent resistors, the first wire of one resistor is connected to the second conductive plate, and the first wire of the other resistor is connected to the first conductive plate.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a calibration technique for a current generator that outputs a large current pulse.

  Conventionally, the calibration of the output current of a current generator that is commercially available is a standard shunt for reference owned by an operator, or a reference standard that has been calibrated by the Japan Electric Meters Certification Institute (JEMIC), a Japanese designated calibration organization. Regular standard shunts, which are regular standards calibrated with shunts as standard, are stored as equipment of third-party organizations and manufacturers in each region and used for calibration work. . However, with respect to a large current which is a problem of the present application, there is a reference standard shunt for direct current, but a reference standard shunt for alternating current has not been provided.

  The “standard shunt” used in the present specification is a name indicating a standard resistor used in the calibration technical field, and is also called a “standard shunt resistor”.

  As shown in FIG. 15, a standard DC shunt 1104 for reference and a standard DC shunt 1506 for reference are connected in series to the output of a DC current source 1502 as a calibration method for the standard DC shunt for normal use. Connect, flow a predetermined DC current, measure the voltage appearing between terminals 1116 and 1118 or 1526 and 1528 at both ends of each shunt with voltmeters 1508 and 1510, respectively, and the measured value and reference standard From the known resistance value of the DC shunt 1104, the resistance value of the normal standard DC shunt 1506 is calculated.

  In general, the operation of calculating the resistance value of the normal standard DC shunt 1506 is called “calibration”.

  In the reference standard DC shunt 1104, a terminal 1112 is a force H terminal, a terminal 1114 is a force L terminal, a terminal 1116 is a sense H terminal, and a terminal 1118 is a sense L terminal. The terminal 1112 and the terminal 1116 are connected in parallel to one end of the internal standard resistance in the reference standard DC shunt 1104, and the terminal 1114 and the terminal 1118 are connected in parallel to the other end of the internal standard resistance. It is connected. Here, the sense terminals 1116 and 1118 are used for voltage detection.

  In the normal standard DC shunt 1506, a terminal 1522 is a force H terminal, a terminal 1524 is a force L terminal, a terminal 1526 is a sense H terminal, and a terminal 1528 is a sense L terminal. It plays the same role as each terminal.

  With the recent development of electric vehicles, solar power generation, wind power generation, etc., the demand for power electronics-related products has increased significantly, and the opportunity for high voltage and large current is increasing. In order to prevent the self-heating of the object to be measured for a short period of time, it is required to perform the measurement by supplying a large current pulse that reaches a short period, that is, by supplying a short-time large current pulse.

  In order to calibrate such a signal source that supplies a large current, that is, a current generator, a common shunt that can be calibrated with a large current is required, but as described in Non-Patent Document 1. In addition, it is necessary to solve the problem that correct characteristics cannot be measured due to self-heating of the shunt when a large current is passed.

  In addition, in order to guarantee the AC characteristic performance of outputting a large current for a short period in the current generator, not only the conventional DC current calibration method shown in FIG. 15 but also the calibration result leads to the guarantee of the AC performance. It is necessary to build a proper calibration system (traceability system).

  As the normal standard DC shunt 1506 in FIG. 15, for example, the shunt of Non-Patent Document 2 can be used. This shunt is compatible with a 1500 A direct current, but is not suitable for calibration when a current pulse is passed because it does not support alternating current.

  The shunt of Non-Patent Document 3 is an AC shunt resistor (shunt), and has a coaxial structure, so that the AC characteristics are excellent, but the rated power is not large, so the reference standard DC shunt Calibration cannot be performed.

  Further, the high-accuracy AC current shunt of Patent Document 1 only supports currents up to 100A.

  Therefore, it can be calibrated under DC current application conditions using a standard DC shunt for reference, has excellent AC characteristics, has little waveform distortion, and can be used for calibration under 1200 A high current pulse application conditions. High accuracy calibrated by a shunt, a current generator capable of generating a large current pulse that can be used for calibration work using the standard DC AC shunt, and a calibration system using the standard DC AC shunt Current generator is needed.

US Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0278527

David W. Braudaway, "Behavior of Resistors and Shunts: With Today's High-Precision Measurement Capability and a Century of Materials Experience, What Can Go Wrong?", IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 48, No. 5, October 1999 Sakai Shunt Mill, AS-S1500A50mv Current Shunt, [online], April 2011, Sakai Shunt Mill, [April 10, 2012 search], Internet Alpha Electronics Co., Ltd., custom product catalog, PZ type resistor, [online], September 10, 2007, Alpha Electronics Co., Ltd. [Search April 7, 2012], Internet

  The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, can be calibrated under DC current application conditions using a standard DC shunt for reference, has excellent AC characteristics, has little waveform distortion, and can calibrate 1200 A high current pulse application conditions. Usable standard DC / AC shunt, current generator capable of generating a large current pulse that can be used for calibration using the standard DC / AC shunt, and standard DC / AC shunt An object of the present invention is to provide a highly accurate current generator calibrated by a calibration system.

  In order to solve this problem, the present invention according to claim 1 is disposed between a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate, and the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate. A first insulator and a plurality of resistors, each of the plurality of resistors being connected to one end of a resistance element in the resistor, the first wire and the second wire; A plurality of resistors comprising third and fourth wires connected to the other end of the element, wherein the plurality of resistors are arranged on a circumference of each of the plurality of resistors. The positions of the first wire and the third wire are arranged so as to be radial, and the position of the first wire by the plurality of resistors is outside the position of the third wire by the plurality of resistors. In each of the plurality of resistors, the first resistor The ear and the third wire have the first wire connected to the second conductive plate, and the third wire passes through the second conductive plate and is connected to the first conductive plate. Either the first wire passes through the second conductive plate and is connected to the first conductive plate, and the third wire is connected to the second conductive plate. In the two adjacent resistors, the first wire of one resistor is connected to the second conductive plate, and the first wire of the other resistor is Is a shunt that passes through the second conductive plate and is connected to the first conductive plate.

  With this configuration, even when a large current flows, self-heating is suppressed by the first and second conductive plates, and the current flows in a distributed manner to the plurality of resistors. In addition to reducing the self-heating at, the direction of the current flowing through the first wire between the adjacent resistors is reversed, the direction of the current flowing through the adjacent resistors is also reversed, and further adjacent Since the direction of the current flowing through the third wire between the resistors is also reversed, the generation of magnetic flux due to the current that flows as a whole is offset. Therefore, the apparent inductance (equivalent inductance) seen from the signal source can be suppressed, and the voltage can be made unaffected by the magnetic field when the voltage is sensed (detected) by the second and fourth wires. Sense measurement can be performed with high accuracy. Therefore, the influence of the inductance component of the shunt on the resistance measurement can be suppressed very slightly.

  Therefore, not only can the influence of self-heating be suppressed when flowing a large direct current through this shunt, but also when a large alternating current such as a pulse current is flowed through this shunt, the self-heating and inductance components are reduced. The influence on the resistance measurement can be suppressed, and therefore, accurate measurement can be performed while suppressing distortion due to the waveform of the flowing signal and fluctuation due to temperature characteristics.

  The present invention according to claim 2 is the shunt according to claim 1, wherein the first wire of each of the plurality of resistors is connected to the first conductive plate or the second conductive plate. The position and the position at which the third wire of each of the plurality of resistors is connected to the first conductive plate or the second conductive plate are concentric with each other, and the connection of the first wire The position to be performed is outside the position to which the third wire is connected.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the shunt according to the first or second aspect, the first conductive plate includes a force-side L terminal, and the second conductive plate is the first conductive plate. And a force-side H terminal extending through the terminal.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the shunt according to the third aspect, each of the force side H terminal and the force side L terminal has a plurality of terminals.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the shunt according to the fourth aspect, the plurality of force side H terminals and the plurality of force side L terminals are respectively converted into one force side AC H terminal and force side AC L terminal. An AC input attachment for connection is further provided.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the shunt according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the first and second conductive plates are formed of copper or silver. .

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the shunt according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, the third conductive plate, the fourth conductive plate, the third conductive plate, and the fourth conductive plate are further provided. A second insulator disposed between the conductive plates, and the position of the second wire by the plurality of resistors is concentric to the outside of the position of the fourth wire by the plurality of resistors. The second wire and the fourth wire in each of the plurality of resistors, the second wire being connected to the third conductive plate, and the fourth wire. Is connected to the fourth conductive plate through the third conductive plate, or the second wire is connected to the fourth conductive plate through the third conductive plate. The fourth wire is in front One of the plurality of resistors, the two adjacent resistors are connected to the third conductive plate, and the second wire of the one resistor is the third conductive plate. The second wire of the other resistor is connected to the plate and passes through the third conductive plate and is connected to the fourth conductive plate.

  The present invention according to claim 8 is the current shunt according to claim 7, wherein the second wire of each of the plurality of resistors is connected to the third conductive plate or the fourth conductive plate. The position and the position at which the third wire of each of the plurality of resistors is connected to the third conductive plate or the fourth conductive plate are concentric with each other, and the connection of the second wire The position to be performed is outside the position to which the fourth wire is connected.

  The present invention according to claim 9 is the shunt according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the fourth conductive plate includes a sense-side L terminal, and the third conductive plate is the fourth conductive plate. And a sense-side H terminal extending through the terminal.

  The present invention according to claim 10 is the shunt according to claim 9, wherein the sense side H terminal and the sense side L terminal form a coaxial connector.

  The present invention according to claim 11 is the shunt according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the third and fourth conductive plates are formed of either brass or copper. .

  According to a twelfth aspect of the present invention, in the shunt according to any one of the seventh to tenth aspects, the third and fourth conductive plates are formed of a printed circuit board having a conductive plate surface. And

  According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the shunt according to any one of the first to twelfth aspects, each of the plurality of resistors is a plate-like resistor having a thickness smaller than a length and a width. Features.

  According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the shunt according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, the second and fourth wires are both longer than the first and third wires. .

  According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a calibration current generator for supplying a signal to the shunt according to any one of the first to fourteenth aspects, wherein a charge is stored in a charge storage capacitor connected to an output of a power source. A charge storage circuit for storing, a voltage compliance circuit for controlling and outputting a voltage of a discharge signal from the charge storage circuit to a predetermined voltage, and an output signal of the predetermined voltage from the voltage compliance circuit for a predetermined current A current generator for calibration comprising: a current pulse generating circuit that outputs a pulse current of a predetermined duration as a value; and an output unit that outputs the output current from the current pulse generating circuit with a low inductance via a coaxial cable It is.

  With this configuration, a stable current pulse can be supplied when a large current pulse is allowed to flow through the shunt according to any one of claims 1 to 14. Therefore, the shunt is calibrated by the current pulse. Can be done accurately.

  According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the calibration current generator according to the fifteenth aspect, the voltage compliance circuit is configured such that an output voltage of the voltage compliance circuit becomes a voltage value set to a V compliance DAC. The feedback from the output voltage is controlled by controlling the first FET via a feedback resistor and a first operational amplifier, and the current pulse generation circuit is configured such that the output current from the current pulse generation circuit is an I pulse DAC. The output current is controlled by controlling the second FET via the current detection resistor, the differential amplifier, the feedback resistor, and the second operational amplifier so that the pulse waveform and the current value are set to Features.

  The present invention according to claim 17 is a current generator calibrated directly or indirectly by the shunt according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

  With this configuration, it is possible to provide a current generator that can calibrate a large current pulse that has not been calibrated in the past and can generate a highly accurate large current pulse as a product. it can.

  The present invention according to claim 18 is the shunt in which a plurality of resistors are connected in parallel, wherein the plurality of resistors are arranged in an annular shape, and one end of the resistor is oriented inward or outward of the other end. A first conductor and a second conductor, each having a junction point connected to each of a plurality of first connection conductors, each of which is disposed and supplying a current to the resistor, and a first voltage for measuring the voltage of the resistor; The third and fourth conductors having junctions respectively connected to the plurality of connection conductors, and the same of the first plurality of connection conductors supplying current to the adjacent resistors One end of which is connected to different first and second conductors, and the same among the plurality of second connection conductors for measuring the voltage of the adjacent resistors The first and second ends are different from each other in the third and third The structure being connected to the conductors, a shunt, characterized in that it comprises either or both of the structures.

  And by configuring in this way, the direction of the current flowing through the connecting conductor that supplies current to the adjacent resistors is opposite to each other, and the direction of the current flowing through the adjacent resistors is also opposite to each other. The generation of magnetic flux due to the current that flows as a whole is offset. Therefore, the apparent inductance (equivalent inductance) seen from the conductor having the junction can be suppressed, and the influence of the magnetic field of the connection conductor for measuring the voltage can be reduced.

1 is a perspective view illustrating a common standard DC / AC shunt according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the common standard DC alternating current shunt of FIG. It is a front view of the common standard DC alternating current shunt of FIG. It is a bottom view of the common standard direct current alternating current shunt of FIG. It is a top view of the 2nd conductive plate 114 of the normal standard direct current | flow alternating current shunt of FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the JJ cross section of FIG. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the KK cross section of FIG. FIG. 2 is a partially exploded view showing an AC input attachment that can be attached to the normal standard DC / AC shunt of FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a calibration method according to an embodiment of the present invention. 10 is a traceability chart up to a current generator that is a product provided by the flowchart of FIG. 9. FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a calibration circuit in step 902 of FIG. 9. FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a calibration circuit in step 906 of FIG. 9. FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a calibration circuit in step 908 of FIG. 9. It is a block diagram which shows the pulse current source 1202 of FIG. It is a block diagram of the calibration circuit of the common standard DC shunt in the prior art. It is a block diagram which shows the equivalent circuit of a regular standard direct current | flow alternating current shunt by one Example of this invention.

  It should be noted that in the drawings of the present specification, the same reference numerals are used unless otherwise specified.

  An ordinary standard DC / AC shunt 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a normal standard DC / AC shunt 100, FIG. 2 is a plan view thereof, FIG. 3 is a front view thereof, and FIG. 4 is a bottom view thereof. The normal standard DC / AC shunt 100 includes a first conductive plate 110, a second conductive plate 114, a third conductive plate 120, and a fourth conductive plate 124. Further, a first insulator 112 is provided between the first and second conductive plates to maintain insulation between the first and second conductive plates, and between the third and fourth conductive plates. Includes a second insulator 122 to maintain insulation between the third and fourth conductive plates. The first conductive plate is provided with four columnar force-side H terminals 130 and four through holes 132. In each of the four through holes 132, four columnar force-side L terminals 132 are arranged extending from the second conductive plate. The force side H terminals 130 are all kept in electrical connection with the first conductive plate 110, and the force side L terminals 132 are all kept in electrical connection with the second conductive plate 114.

  Each of the first and second conductive plates 110 and 114 is preferably a plate having excellent conductivity, excellent thermal conductivity, and good mechanical strength, preferably a copper plate or silver plate. A plate or a plate made of a metal or an alloy having the same performance (for example, MANGANIN (registered trademark), Manganin (registered trademark)) can be used, but is not limited thereto.

  The third and fourth conductive plates 120 and 124 are both suitably conductive plates, but the thermal conductivity need not be as good as the first and second conductive plates, Preferably, the plate may be a brass plate, a metal plate such as a copper plate, or a printed board having a conductive plate surface, but is not necessarily limited thereto.

  As the first and second insulators 112 and 122, a plate having excellent insulating properties is suitable, and a plate made of bakelite can be preferably used. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

  The fourth conductive plate 124 is provided with a coaxial connector as a sense-side terminal of the standard DC current shunt 100 for common use, and the core conductor 137 of the coaxial connector is electrically connected to the fourth conductive plate 124 and is connected to the coaxial connector. The outer conductor 136 is electrically connected to the third conductive plate 120.

  The first to fourth conductive plates 110, 114, 120, 124 and the first and second insulators 112, 122 are formed in a columnar shape having a predetermined interval as shown in FIG. It is formed as a structure. The holes 156, 178, and 166 of the first, second, and fourth conductive plates are used for attaching the stay 126.

  Further, the plurality of plate-like resistors 138 include the first support plate 210, the second support plate 212, the third support plate 116, the fourth support plate 118, and the plurality of spacers 144, thereby Below the conductive plate 114, the long first and second surfaces of the plurality of resistors 138 are arranged circumferentially along the radial direction of the second conductive plate. The first support plate 210, the second support plate 212, the third support plate 116, and the fourth support plate 118 can be made of bakelite, but are not limited thereto.

  There are two types of connection modes for connecting the resistor 138 to the first to fourth conductive plates 110, 114, 120, and 124, which will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The resistor 138 is a partial cross-sectional view shown by the first connection type by the resistor 138a shown in FIG. 6, which is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line JJ shown in FIG. 2, and a KK line shown in FIG. They are alternately arranged according to two connection forms of the second connection type by the resistor 138b shown in FIG.

  Here, the resistors 138a and 138b are resistors having the same structure, and the structure is described as a block 214 showing a circuit diagram in FIG. This is a four-terminal resistor in which terminals a and c are connected and two terminals b and d are connected to the other terminal. As an example, the resistors 138a and 138b are preferably metal foil film resistors having excellent temperature characteristics, and precision power resistors can be used.

  Referring to FIG. 6, in the first connection type using the resistor 138 a, the wire 202, which is an example of a connection conductor that is connected to the terminal a of the resistor 138 a and supplies current, is first connected by the holding plate 230 and the screw 232. The conductive plate 110 is electrically connected. In addition, a wire 206 that is an example of a connection conductor that is connected to the terminal c of the resistor 138 a and measures a voltage is electrically connected to the fourth conductive plate 124 by a pressing plate 240 and a screw 242. Furthermore, the wire 204, which is an example of a connection conductor that is connected to the terminal b of the resistor 138a and supplies current, is electrically connected to the second conductive plate 114 by the pressing plate 234 and the screw 236, and the resistor 138a A wire 208, which is an example of a connection conductor that is connected to the terminal d and measures a voltage, is electrically connected to the third conductive plate 120 by a pressing plate 244 and a screw 246. Here, it should be noted that the directions of currents flowing through the wires 202 and 204 and the resistor 138a are directions indicated by arrows B, D, and A, respectively.

  Referring to FIG. 7, in the first connection type using the resistor 138 b, the wire 302 connected to the resistor 138 b is electrically connected to the first conductive plate 110 by the pressing plate 330 and the screw 232. In addition, the wire 306 connected to the resistor 138 b is electrically connected to the fourth conductive plate 124 by the pressing plate 340 and the screw 342. Further, the wire 304 connected to the resistor 138 b is electrically connected to the second conductive plate 114 by a pressing plate 334 and a screw 336, and the wire 308 connected to the resistor 138 b is connected to the second conductive plate 114 by a pressing plate 344 and a screw 346. 3 conductive plates 120. Here, it should be noted that the directions of currents flowing through the wires 302 and 304 and the resistor 138b are directions indicated by arrows F, G, and E, respectively.

  Here, referring to FIG. 2, next to the connection groove 154 indicating the position of the connection according to the second connection type, the connection groove 150 and the hole 152 indicating the position of the connection according to the first connection type are arranged, Further, a connection groove 154 indicating the position of the connection according to another second connection type is disposed next to the connection groove 150 and a hole 152 indicating the position of the connection according to another first connection type. It will be appreciated that the connections according to the first and second connection types are arranged alternately, thus forming a circumference. The same can be understood from FIGS. 4 and 5.

  In other words, the plurality of resistors 138 include first and second wires (202 and 206 or 304 and 308) connected to one end of the resistor element R in the resistor, and the resistor element R. And third and fourth wires (204 and 208, or 302 and 306) connected to the other end of the. The plurality of resistors 138 are arranged on the circumference such that the positions of the first wire and the third wire of each of the plurality of resistors are radial, and the first wires of the plurality of resistors 138 A position is arrange | positioned so that a concentric circle may be made | formed outside the position of the 3rd wire by a some resistor (refer FIGS. 1-3, 5-7). Here, in each of the plurality of resistors 138, the first wire (202 or 304) and the third wire (204 or 302) may be formed by connecting the first wire 304 to the second conductive plate 114. The third wire 302 passes through the second conductive plate 114 and is connected to the first conductive plate 110, or the first wire 202 passes through the second conductive plate 114 and passes through the first conductive plate 110. And the third wire 204 is connected to the second conductive plate 114. Furthermore, in two adjacent resistors (138a, 138b) among the plurality of resistors 138, the first wire 304 of one resistor 138b is connected to the second conductive plate 114, and the other resistor 138a The first wire 202 passes through the second conductive plate 114 and is connected to the first conductive plate 110.

  Furthermore, the position where the first wire (202 or 304) of each of the plurality of resistors 138 is connected to the first conductive plate 110 or the second conductive plate 114, and the third of each of the plurality of resistors 138. The position where the first wire (204 or 302) is connected to the first conductive plate 110 or the second conductive plate 114 is concentric with each other, and the position where the first wire is connected is the connection of the third wire. It is outside the position where it is made (see FIGS. 1 to 3 and 5 to 7).

  In this way, the first and second conductive plates 110 and 114 have a current junction branching to the plurality of first wires 202, 304 and a current junction branching to the plurality of third wires 204, 302. It is a conductor having a point.

  Further, the plurality of resistors 138 are arranged on the circumference so that the positions of the second wire and the fourth wire of each of the plurality of resistors are radial. The position of the wire is arranged so as to form a concentric circle outside the position of the fourth wire by the plurality of resistors (see FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7). Here, in each of the plurality of resistors 138, the second wire (206 or 308) and the fourth wire (208 or 306) may be formed by connecting the second wire 308 to the third conductive plate 120. The fourth wire 306 passes through the third conductive plate 120 and is connected to the fourth conductive plate 124, or the second wire 206 passes through the third conductive plate 120 and passes through the fourth conductive plate 124. And the fourth wire 208 is connected to the third conductive plate 120. Furthermore, in the two adjacent resistors (138a, 138b) among the plurality of resistors 138, the second wire 308 of one resistor 138b is connected to the third conductive plate 120, and the other resistor 138a The second wire 206 passes through the third conductive plate 120 and is connected to the fourth conductive plate 124.

  Furthermore, the position where the second wire (206 or 308) of each of the plurality of resistors 138 is connected to the fourth conductive plate 124 or the third conductive plate 120, and the fourth of each of the plurality of resistors 138. The position where the second wire (208 or 306) is connected to the fourth conductive plate 124 or the third conductive plate 120 is concentric with each other, and the position where the second wire is connected is the connection of the fourth wire. It is outside the position where it is placed (see FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 6, and 7).

  In this way, the third and fourth conductive plates 120 and 124 serve as a junction of the measurement circuits of the second wires 206 and 308 and the fourth wires 208 and 306 for measuring the voltage of the resistor 138. It has a conductor.

  Here, the flow of current from each terminal will be described. The current supplied from the force side H terminal 130 flows from the arrow B to the arrow D and the arrow A in the connection by the first connection type, and the force side L Flows to terminal 134. Since the wire 208 connected to the core conductor 137 of the sense side coaxial connector and the wire 206 connected to the outer conductor 136 are used for voltage detection, the current flowing through them can be ignored.

  Similarly, in the connection by the second connection type, the current supplied from the force side H terminal 130 flows from the arrow F along the arrows G and E to the force side L terminal 134. Here, since the wire 308 connected to the core conductor 137 of the sense side coaxial connector and the wire 306 connected to the outer conductor 136 are used for voltage detection, the current flowing through them can be ignored.

  That is, in the normal standard DC / AC shunt 100, since the first and second connection types are alternately arranged in the connection of the adjacent resistors 138, between the adjacent resistors, the adjacent force side H The current flows in opposite directions between the wires connected to the terminals and between the wires connected to the adjacent force-side L terminals. For this reason, even if a large current pulse is input to the force terminal, due to the above-described connection, the direction of current flow between adjacent resistors and the wires connected to the force-side H terminal or L terminal are adjacent to each other. Since the direction of current flow between the wires is reversed, the generation of the magnetic field is canceled and suppressed. As a result, the apparent inductance (equivalent inductance) seen from the signal source is suppressed, and the voltage of the resistor is not affected by the magnetic flux when sensing the voltage of the resistor. Therefore, the influence of the inductance component in the regular standard DC / AC shunt 100 on the resistance measurement can be reduced to a small amount.

  In addition, since the current from the force-side H terminal is distributed to each resistor 138 via the first and second conductive plates 110 and 114, self-heating is suppressed as much as possible in both direct current and alternating current. Can be ignored.

  Further, the wires 206 and 208 are longer than the wires 202 and 204. The conductive plates 120 and 124 are separated from the conductive plates 110 and 114, and the conductive plates 120 and 124 are guided by magnetic induction generated in the conductive plates 110 and 114. Current generated on the 124 side is reduced.

  Here, the size of the first and second conductive plates 110 and 114 is large enough to suppress self-heating and mechanical deformation with respect to the flowing current. For example, the diameter is 30 centimeters. The thickness is 10 millimeters.

  In the above-described normal standard DC / AC shunt 100, when a DC current is input, the DC current source 4 capable of supplying at least 300 A each using four H terminals 130 and four L terminals 134 as force side terminals. Each table is connected to each pair of H terminal 130 and L terminal 134 for use.

  Next, the AC input attachment 410 of the regular standard DC / AC shunt 100 used when inputting AC current pulses will be described with reference to FIG.

  When an AC current such as a current pulse is used, an AC input attachment 410 is attached to the regular standard DC AC shunt 100 as shown in FIG. That is, in the screw holes 402a to 402d and 404a to 404d provided on the tops of the four force side H terminals 130a to 130d and the four force side L terminals 134a to 134d of the normal standard DC / AC shunt 100, respectively. The screw holes 422a to 422d and 424a to 424d corresponding to these screw holes are respectively screwed with screws. Thereby, the force side H terminals 130a to 130d are electrically connected to the columnar force side AC H terminal 416, and the force side L terminals 134a to 134d are electrically connected to the columnar force side AC L terminal 418. The

  Here, the AC input attachment 410 includes a fifth conductive plate 412 and a sixth conductive plate 414, and is insulated by a third insulator (not shown) inserted between the fifth and sixth conductive plates. Has been. Further, the fifth conductive plate 412 includes a through hole 420 and is insulated from the force side AC L terminal 418.

  The fifth and sixth conductive plates 412, 414 are the first and second conductive plates 110, 114, both of which have excellent electrical conductivity, excellent thermal conductivity, and good mechanical strength. Preferably, a copper plate, a silver plate, or a metal or alloy having the same performance (for example, MANGANIN (registered trademark), Manganin (registered trademark)) can be used. However, the present invention is not limited to this. As the third insulator, a plate having excellent insulating properties is suitable, and a plate made of bakelite can be preferably used. However, the third insulator is not limited to this.

  Next, referring to FIGS. 9 to 13, a product capable of generating a large current pulse from the reference standard DC shunt 1104 using the normal standard DC AC shunt 100 which is one embodiment of the present invention. A method 900 for calibrating a current generator is described.

  First, in Step 902, the National Metrology Institute (NMI) of each country, or a corresponding calibration organization (JEMIC in Japan, for example, the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the United States ( NIST)) is used to calibrate the resistance under DC conditions from the reference standard DC shunt calibrated to the normal standard DC AC shunt using a DC current source.

  FIG. 11 shows the connection circuit 1100 at step 902. The reference standard DC shunt 1104 is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 15, and description of each terminal is omitted. The normal standard DC / AC shunt 1106 has been described as the normal standard DC / AC shunt 100 in FIGS. 1 to 8, and an equivalent circuit thereof has a resistance component Ra and an inductance component La therein as shown in FIG. A force side H terminal 1122, a force side L terminal 1124, a sense side H terminal 1126 (that is, a core conductor 137 of a coaxial connector), and a sense side L terminal 1128 (that is, an outer conductor 136 of the coaxial connector). The H terminal is connected to a terminal that is not connected to the inductance component La of the equivalent circuit Ra, and both L terminals are connected to a terminal that is not connected to the resistance component Ra of the inductance component La of the equivalent circuit, expressed. Therefore, the voltage across the shunt 1106 can be measured by measuring the voltage between the sense side terminals 1126 and 1128.

  The voltmeters 1108 and 1110 are preferably voltmeters having a high-precision voltage measurement function. As an example, an Agilent 3458A multimeter manufactured by Agilent Technologies is used, but the voltmeter is not limited thereto. .

  As shown in the connection diagram 1100 of FIG. 11, a reference standard DC shunt 1104 and a normal standard DC AC shunt 1106 are connected in series to the output of the DC current source 1102, and a predetermined DC current is supplied to each shunt. Measure the voltage appearing between the terminals at both ends of each of them with the respective voltmeters 1108 and 1110, and calibrate the resistance of the normal standard DC / AC shunt 1106 from those measured values and the known resistance value of the reference standard DC shunt 1104 To do.

  Therefore, in step 902, the accurate resistance value of the normal standard DC / AC shunt 1106 under DC conditions is determined, whereby various calibrations such as pulse current conditions are performed using the standard DC / DC shunt 1106. Will be able to do.

  For example, Agilent DC8731A high power DC power supplies manufactured by Agilent Technologies are connected in parallel to the DC current source 1102, but the present invention is not limited to this. Further, although 1200 A is supplied as the direct current, it is not limited to this value of current.

  Next, at step 904, as shown in FIG. 8, an AC input attachment 410 is attached to the force terminal of the regular standard DC / AC shunt 100 (1106 in FIG. 11) so that an AC current can be input.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 9 and 12, in step 906, the resistance calibration under the pulse current condition is performed from the normal standard DC / AC shunt 1106 to the normal standard AC shunt 1206 using the pulse current source 1202. I do. That is, as shown in the connection diagram 1200 of FIG. 12, the normal standard AC / AC shunt 1106 and the normal AC / current shunt 1206 are connected in series to the output of the pulse current source 1202, and become a predetermined value only for a predetermined period. A pulse current is passed, and the voltage appearing between the terminals at both ends of each shunt is measured by the respective voltmeters 1208 and 1210. From these measured values and the known resistance value of the normal standard DC / AC shunt 1106, the standard AC current is used. The resistance of the shunt 1206 under the pulse current condition is calibrated.

  The voltmeters 1208 and 1210 are preferably voltmeters having a high-accuracy voltage measurement function. As an example, an Agilent 3458A multimeter manufactured by Agilent Technologies is used, but the voltmeter is not limited thereto. .

  This step 906 makes it possible to calibrate the pulse current condition with the normal standard AC shunt 1206 that is lower in cost and easier to handle than the normal standard DC / AC shunt 1106.

  Here, the common standard AC shunt 1206 can use, as an example, the shunt described in Non-Patent Document 3, but is not limited thereto.

  The roles of the terminals 1222 to 1228 of the normal standard AC shunt 1206 in FIG. 12 are the same as those shown in FIG.

  As the pulse current source 1202, a calibration pulse current source 1400 shown in FIG. 14 is used.

  Referring to FIG. 14, a calibration pulse current source 1400 includes a charge storage circuit 1402, a voltage compliance circuit 1410, a current pulse generation circuit 1420, and an output unit 1450. A current between the output terminals 1460 and 1462 is provided. Output a pulse.

  The charge storage circuit 1402 stores the voltage output output from the floating power supply 1404 connected to the commercial power supply terminals 1406 and 1408 as charges in the charge storage capacitor C1 via the resistor R1.

  Next, the voltage compliance circuit 1410 switches and discharges the electric charge stored in the charge storage capacitor C1 by the FET 1412, and the voltage of the discharged signal is converted into a V compliance DA converter by the operational amplifier 1414 and the negative feedback resistor R3. (DAC) 1416 is operated by controlling the FET 1412 so that the voltage setting value specified by 1416 is obtained, and the voltage compliance circuit 1410 outputs the setting voltage in the V compliance DAC 1416.

  Next, in the current pulse generating circuit 1420, the current pulse generating circuit 1420 outputs the pulse waveform having the waveform set by the I pulse DAC 1428 and the set peak value of the current from the current pulse generating circuit 1420. By feeding back a current value detected as a voltage between the differential amplifier 1424 and the resistor R9, the FET 1422 is controlled via the operational amplifier 1426, and a desired current pulse is output.

  The output unit 1450 includes the coaxial cable 1452 and suppresses the inductance, thereby outputting the current pulse output from the current pulse generation circuit 1420 to the output terminals 1460 and 1462 while suppressing waveform distortion.

  With the above configuration, the calibration pulse current source 1400 can output a large current that can be used for calibration work and a current pulse that is supplied for a predetermined short period of time.

  Returning to FIG. 12, by using the normal standard DC / AC shunt 1106 calibrated under the DC condition in Step 902 as the reference source of the calibration under the pulse current condition in Step 906 with the above configuration, The standard AC shunt 1206 can be calibrated.

  The pulse current is 1200 A and the pulse current is shorter than 1 ms. However, the present invention is not limited to this.

  Note that step 906 was not realized with any conventional shunt that does not allow for use in both direct and alternating current and does not support current pulses as high as 1200A.

  Next, as shown in step 908 in FIG. 9 and connection diagram 1300 in FIG. 13, the force side H terminal 1222 and the force side L terminal 1224 of the normal standard AC shunt 1206 are connected to the output terminal of the current generator 1302 which is a product. The voltmeter 1308 is connected to the sense side H terminal 1226 and the sense side L terminal 1228 of the normal standard AC shunt 1206, and a current pulse having a predetermined current value is output from the current generator 1302. The voltage appearing at both ends of the voltage generator 1206 is measured with a voltmeter 1308, and the current value of the current pulse output from the current generator 1302 is calculated using the known resistance value of the normal standard AC shunt 1206 to generate the current Calibrate the current output of the device 1302.

  The voltmeter 1308 is preferably a voltmeter having a high-precision voltage measurement function. As an example, an Agilent 3458A multimeter manufactured by Agilent Technologies is used, but the voltmeter 1308 is not limited thereto.

  Note that the calibration of the current generator 1302 can be performed for a plurality of current pulses, and further, an appropriate calibration result can be calculated for a plurality of current pulses for a plurality of current values.

  Next, FIG. 10 shows a traceability chart 1000 established from the standard DC shunt for reference to the current generator as a product, established by the method shown in FIG. That is, from the reference standard DC shunt 1002 (that is, 1104 in FIG. 11) calibrated by the NMI or a calibration organization corresponding to NMI, a standard DC current shunt is used by a DC current source 1004 (that is, 1102 in FIG. 11). Traceability is established at 1006 (i.e., 1106 in FIGS. 11 and 12), and the normal standard AC shunt 1010 (i.e., the normal standard AC shunt 1010 (i.e., the pulse current source 1202 of FIG. 12) is used as the normal standard DC / AC shunt 1006. That is, traceability is established in 1206 in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, and traceability is established for the current generator 1012 which is a product (that is, 1302 in FIG. 13) by the regular standard AC shunt 1010.

  The traceability up to such a current generator, which is such a product, has been conventionally considered that a standard current shunt is not used for both direct current and alternating current with a large current, and a current pulse as large as 1200 A Note that it was not realized because it was not supported.

  9 and 10, it is also possible to directly calibrate the current generator 1302 as a product by using the calibrated normal standard AC / AC shunt 1106 without using the regular standard AC shunt 1206.

  In addition, as described above, the current generator 1302 that is a product is capable of generating a large current by directly or indirectly calibrating the shunt using the standard DC / AC shunt 100 or 1106 or calibrating the current generator. It is possible to provide a highly accurate current output function that establishes traceability from the reference standard DC shunt 1104 in the current pulse output performance.

  As described above, the embodiments of the present invention have been described. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above description is for illustrative purposes, and various modifications or replacements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. It will be understood that such a range is also included in the present invention.

100 Common Standard DC / AC Shunt 110 110 First Conductive Plate 112 First Insulator 114 Second Conductive Plate 116 Third Support Plate 118 Fourth Support Plate 120 Third Conductive Plate 122 Second Insulator 124 Fourth conductive plate 130, 130a, 130b, 130c, 130d Force side H terminal 132 Through hole 134, 134a, 134b, 134c, 134d Force side L terminal 136 Outer conductor of coaxial connector 137 Coaxial connector core conductor 138, 138a, 138b Plate resistor 144 Spacers 202a, 204a, 206a, 208a Wire 210 First support plate 212 Second support plate 302a, 304a, 306a, 308a Wire 410 AC input attachment 412 Fifth conductive plate 414 Sixth conductive play 1102 DC current sources 1104 reference standard DC shunt 1106 working standard DC-AC shunt 1108,1110,1208,1210,1308 voltmeter 1202 pulsed current source 1206 working standard AC shunt 1302 current generator (products)
1400 calibration current generator 1402 charge storage circuit 1410 voltage compliance circuit 1420 current pulse generation circuit 1450 output unit

Claims (18)

A first conductive plate;
A second conductive plate;
A first insulator disposed between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate;
A plurality of resistors, each of the plurality of resistors being connected to first and second wires connected to one end of the resistance element in the resistor, and to the other end of the resistance element; A plurality of resistors comprising a third and a fourth wire connected;
The plurality of resistors are arranged on a circumference so that positions of the first wire and the third wire of each of the plurality of resistors are radial, and the first resistor is formed by the plurality of resistors. The position of the wire is arranged so as to form a concentric circle outside the position of the third wire by the plurality of resistors,
In each of the plurality of resistors, the first wire and the third wire are configured such that the first wire is connected to the second conductive plate, and the third wire is the second conductive plate. A plate is connected to the first conductive plate, or the first wire is connected to the first conductive plate through the second conductive plate, and the third wire is connected to the first conductive plate. Either connected to the second conductive plate,
Two adjacent resistors of the plurality of resistors are connected such that the first wire of one resistor is connected to the second conductive plate, and the first wire of the other resistor is the second wire. Connected to the first conductive plate through the conductive plate of
Shunt.   A position at which the first wire of each of the plurality of resistors is connected to the first conductive plate or the second conductive plate; and the third wire of each of the plurality of resistors is the first The positions connected to one conductive plate or the second conductive plate are concentric with each other, and the position where the first wire is connected is outside the position where the third wire is connected. The shunt according to claim 1.   3. The shunt according to claim 1, wherein the first conductive plate includes a force-side L terminal, and the second conductive plate includes a force-side H terminal extending through the first conductive plate. vessel.   The shunt according to claim 3, wherein each of the force side H terminal and the force side L terminal has a plurality of terminals.   5. The shunt according to claim 4, further comprising an AC input attachment that connects the plurality of force-side H terminals and the plurality of force-side L terminals to one force-side AC H terminal and a force-side AC L terminal, respectively.   The shunt according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first and second conductive plates are formed of copper or silver. further,
A third conductive plate;
A fourth conductive plate;
A second insulator disposed between the third conductive plate and the fourth conductive plate;
The position of the second wire by the plurality of resistors is arranged to form a concentric circle outside the position of the fourth wire by the plurality of resistors,
In each of the plurality of resistors, the second wire and the fourth wire include the second wire connected to the third conductive plate, and the fourth wire is connected to the third conductive plate. A plate is connected to the fourth conductive plate through the plate, or the second wire is connected to the fourth conductive plate through the third conductive plate, and the fourth wire is connected to the fourth conductive plate. Either connected to the third conductive plate;
In the two adjacent resistors of the plurality of resistors, the second wire of the one resistor is connected to the third conductive plate, and the second wire of the other resistor Is connected to the fourth conductive plate through the third conductive plate,
The flow shunt according to any one of claims 1 to 6.   A position at which the second wire of each of the plurality of resistors is connected to the third conductive plate or the fourth conductive plate; and the third wire of each of the plurality of resistors is the first The positions connected to the third conductive plate or the fourth conductive plate are concentric with each other, and the position where the second wire is connected is outside the position where the fourth wire is connected. A shunt according to claim 7.   9. The shunt current according to claim 7, wherein the fourth conductive plate includes a sense side L terminal, and the third conductive plate includes a sense side H terminal extending through the fourth conductive plate. vessel.   The shunt according to claim 9, wherein the sense side H terminal and the sense side L terminal form a coaxial connector.   The shunt according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the third and fourth conductive plates are formed of either brass or copper.   The shunt according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the third and fourth conductive plates are formed of a printed circuit board having a conductive plate surface.   The shunt according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein each of the plurality of resistors is a plate resistor having a thickness smaller than a length and a width.   The shunt according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the second and fourth wires are both longer than the first and third wires. A calibration current generator for supplying a signal to the shunt according to claim 1,
A charge storage circuit for storing charge in a charge storage capacitor connected to the output of the power supply;
A voltage compliance circuit for controlling the voltage of the discharge signal from the charge storage circuit to a predetermined voltage and outputting it;
A current pulse generating circuit that outputs a pulse current of a predetermined duration at a predetermined current value for the output signal of the predetermined voltage from the voltage compliance circuit;
A calibration current generator, comprising: an output unit that outputs an output current from the current pulse generation circuit with low inductance via a coaxial cable. The voltage compliance circuit receives feedback from the output voltage via the feedback resistor and the first operational amplifier so that the output voltage of the voltage compliance circuit becomes a voltage value set in the V compliance DAC. Control by controlling
The current pulse generation circuit converts the output current into a current detection resistor, a differential amplifier, a feedback resistor, and a current value so that the output current from the current pulse generation circuit has a pulse waveform and a current value set in the I pulse DAC. Controlling by controlling the second FET through the second operational amplifier;
The current generator for calibration according to claim 15.   A current generator calibrated directly or indirectly by a shunt according to claim 1. In a shunt with multiple resistors connected in parallel,
The plurality of resistors are arranged in an annular shape, and are arranged so that one end of the resistor is inside or outside the other end,
First and second conductors having junctions respectively connected to a first plurality of connection conductors for supplying current to the resistor, and a second plurality of connection conductors for measuring the voltage of the resistor And third and fourth conductors each having a junction point connected to each other,
One end of the same side of the first plurality of connection conductors for supplying current to the adjacent resistors is connected to one of the different first and second conductors, and adjacent One of the second plurality of connection conductors for measuring the voltage of the resistor is connected to one of the third and fourth conductors which are different from each other. Or a shunt characterized by having both structures.

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