JP2969326B2 - Hand-operated shank of NC machine tool with automatic tool changer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an NC machine tool having an automatic tool changer capable of processing a workpiece while appropriately changing a predetermined tool, and more particularly to a hand removably supported on a main spindle of a head. With shank.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a dedicated robot has been provided to automatically supply and unload a work to and from a table.

[0003]

The above-mentioned prior art has the drawbacks that it is expensive and requires a dedicated installation place. According to the present invention, a shank with a hand can be appropriately transferred between a main shaft of a head and an automatic tool changer, and when mounted on the head side, the main shaft of the head is rotated so that a workpiece can be clamped and released. By doing
An object of the present invention is to provide a hand-operated shank of an NC machine tool having an automatic tool changer that has solved the above-mentioned disadvantages.

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is configured as follows to achieve the above object. That is, a shank detachably connected to the shaft end of the main shaft is rotatably provided in the holding case, and an operating shaft is provided in the holding case so as to be movable only in the axial direction, and a shank is provided between the operating shaft and the shank. A cam device having a cam surface at the axial end face of the rotating shaft is provided, which converts the rotational motion of the operating shaft into a linear motion and transmits it to the operating shaft. And a link mechanism for converting the movement of the holding claw into the contacting / separating direction . When the shank is connected to the main shaft,
Engage the holding case with the head case supporting the spindle.
It is obtained by the provided Ru configure Rukakarigo member. Further, a shank detachably connected to the shaft end of the main shaft is rotatably provided in the holding case, and an operating shaft is provided in the holding case so as to be movable only in the axial direction, and a shank is provided between the shank and the operating shaft. A first one clutch for transmitting only the forward rotation to the operating shaft is provided, and a cam device for converting the forward rotation of the shank into a linear reciprocating motion and transmitting the same to the operating shaft is provided between the first one clutch and the operating shaft. A link mechanism is provided at the lower part of the holding case to rotatably support the holding claws via a revolving body, and to convert a linear reciprocating motion of the operating shaft into a movement of the holding claws in the contact / separation direction.
A second clutch for transmitting only the reverse rotation of the shank to the revolving structure is provided between the shank and the revolving structure.

[0005]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a front view of an essential part of an NC machine tool having an automatic tool changer to which the present invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a shank with a hand showing a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a front view of the cam device, and FIG. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a column (column) supported upright on a bed, which is controlled to move in the left-right (X-axis) and front-rear (Y-axis) directions by an NC control device. A head support 2 that is vertically controlled by a Z-axis servomotor (not shown) is attached to the front (front) side of the support 2.
The head 3 and a spindle motor 5 for driving the spindle 4 of the head 3 are attached to the head 3.

The head 3 is of a cone type in which a lower end of the main shaft 4 is projected downward, and a tool 15 and a shank portion of a shank 16 with a hand described later are detachably fitted and engaged with the lower end of the main shaft 4. A socket (not shown) is formed. Reference numeral 6 denotes an unclamping drive unit for engaging and disengaging a shank portion of the tool 15 fitted in the socket, 7 denotes a table, 7a denotes a jig for fixing the work W to the table, and 8 denotes an unprocessed work W1 to the table. A fitting conveyor 9 for transferring the work W2 to the vicinity, and an unloading conveyor 9 for unloading the processed work W2.

A conventionally known automatic tool changer (ATC unit) 10 is mounted on the left side of the support. This automatic tool changer 10 has a large number of shank holders 11 mounted at a predetermined pitch on an outer peripheral portion of a disc-shaped revolving body that revolves around a horizontal axis, and various shank holders 11 such as end mills 15a and drills 15b. The tool 15 and the shank 16 with a hand are locked so as to be disengageable. Further, a relay arm 12 that rotates about a vertical axis is provided at an intermediate portion between the shank holder 11 and the head 3.

The tool 1 on the shank holder 11 side
5 or shank 16 with hand and tool 1 on head 3 side
When replacing the shank 5 or the shank 16 with a hand, the predetermined shank holder 11a of the automatic tool changing device 10 is moved downward, and the shank holder 11a moved downward is rotated downward. By operating the relay arm 12, the shank holder 11a and the tool 15 on the head 3 side or the hand-mounted shank 16 are appropriately replaced.

The shank 16 with a hand is shown in FIGS.
It is shown as follows. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 17 denotes a holding case.
The shank 19 is rotatably mounted via the shaft 8. This shank 19 has a shaft portion 19 a fitted to the holding case 17.
Are formed stepwise downward to have a small diameter, and a shaft part having an intermediate diameter is rotatably supported on a holding case 17 by a bearing 18. The upper portion of the shank 19 projects upward from the holding case 17 and is formed on a tapered shaft portion 19b having a smaller diameter toward the upper side.

An operating shaft 21 is vertically slidably fitted in the lower portion of the holding case 17, and the tip of a detent pin 22 fixed to the holding case 17 is formed on the upper outer periphery of the operating shaft 21. Slidably engaged with the guide groove 23 in the direction, so that it can be moved only in the vertical direction (axial direction).
A cam device is provided between the shank 19 and the operating shaft 21 for converting the rotational motion of the shank 19 into a linear motion and transmitting the linear motion to the operating shaft 21. That is, the drive cylindrical cam 24 is fixed downward at the lower part of the shank 19, the upward driven cylindrical cam 25 is formed at the upper part of the operating shaft 21, and the operating shaft 21 is urged upward by the return spring 26 to urge it. The cam surfaces of the driving cylindrical cam 24 and the driven cylindrical cam 25 are pressed against each other.

The driving cylindrical cam 24 and the driven cylindrical cam 2
As shown in FIG. 3, a corrugated cam surface 24 having a peak and a valley at a rotation angle of 90 degrees on the end faces opposed to each other, as shown in FIG.
The return spring 26 is formed when the shank 19 rotates and the peak 24a-1 of the cam surface 24a of the driving cylindrical cam 24 faces the peak 25a-1 of the cam surface 25a of the driven cylindrical cam 25. The operating shaft 21 is moved downward against the above, so that the peak portion 24a-1 is moved to the cam surface 2 of the driven cylindrical cam 25.
When facing the valley 25a-2 of 5a, the operating shaft 21 is moved upward by the reaction force of the return spring 26.

A pair of left and right brackets 30, 30 projecting downward are fixed to the lower portion of the holding case 17, and a pair of holding claws 31, 31 opposed to the lower end of each bracket 30, 30 in the front-rear direction. Is attached detachably.
That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the guide shaft 32 is extended in the left-right direction (front-rear direction) and fixed to both sides of the lower ends of the brackets 30, 30.
1 are opposed to each other, and the upper portions thereof are slidably fitted via bushes 33.

Each of the holding claws 31, 31 is connected to a link mechanism 35.
To the lower end of the operating shaft 21 described above. As shown in FIG. 4, the ring mechanism 35 opposes a pair of link arms 36, 36 bent in an inverted L-shape, and connects the bent portions to the bracket 30 by a fulcrum pin 37 so as to be swingable. The upper ends of the arms 36, 36 are connected to the lower end of the operating shaft 21 by a common connecting pin 38, and the lower ends of the link arms 36, 36 are connected to the holding claws 31 by engaging pins 39, 39. , 31 so that when the operating shaft 21 is moved upward,
Each holding claw 31, 31 is connected via each link arm 36, 36.
Are moved in the direction of approaching each other (the state shown by the solid line in the right half of FIG. 4) to clamp the work W (FIG. 1). Conversely, operating shaft 2
1 is moved downward, the holding claws 31, 31 are separated from each other via the link arms 36, 36 (FIG. 4).
(The state shown by the solid line in the left half of the drawing) to release the clamping of the work W.

In FIG. 2, reference numeral 40 denotes a set pin provided on the upper part of the holding case 17, and the engagement piece 4 protrudes leftward.
1 and is urged upward by a spring 42. The engagement piece 41 is a positioning groove 43 formed on the outer periphery of the shank 19 before the shank 19 is attached to the holding case 17.
To restrict the rotation of the shank 19 and determine the initial contact position of the cam surfaces 24a and 25a. Also,
When the shank 19 engages with the head 3, the set pin 40 engages with an engaging portion 44 formed on the lower surface of the case of the head 3, and the initial rotation angle of the holding case 17, that is, the holding claw 3
In addition to determining the direction of the shank 19, the shank 19 is allowed to rotate by being displaced downward by the engaging portion 44 and disengaging the engaging piece 41 from the positioning groove 43.

According to the first embodiment, the tapered shaft portion 19b of the shank 19 is attached to the main shaft 4 of the head 3, and in this state, the work W1 on the carry-in conveyor 8 is supplied to the jig 7a on the table 7 side. Is operated as follows according to a command from the NC control device. First, the shank 19 is rotated by, for example, 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction via the main shaft 4, and FIG.
At the peak 24a of the cam surface 24a of the driving cylindrical cam 24.
-1 is the peak 25a- of the cam surface 25a of the driven cylindrical cam 25.
Face 1 Then, the operating shaft 21 is moved downward, and the respective holding claws 31, 3 are connected via the link arms 36, 36.
1 are moved in a direction away from each other, that is, the expanding operation is performed. In this state, the head 3 is controlled to move in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and moved to a position immediately above the work W1 on the carry-in conveyor 8, and then the head 3 is lowered to fit the holding claws 31, 31 onto the work W1. Combine.

Next, the shank 19 is moved through the main shaft 4.
Is rotated 90 degrees in the reverse rotation direction (or further 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction), and the cam surface 24a of the driving cylindrical cam 24 in FIG.
Of the cam surface 25a of the driven cylindrical cam 25 face the valley portion 25a-2. Then, the operating shaft 21 is moved upward by the reaction force of the return spring 26, and the holding claws 31, 31 are moved in the approaching direction to each other via the link arms 36, 36, that is, the working is performed, and the work W1 is operated. Pinch. While raising the head 3 in this state,
After being moved in the horizontal direction to a position immediately above the jig 7a, the head 3 is lowered. Next, the shank 19 is rotated again by 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction (or further 90 degrees in the reverse rotation direction) via the main shaft 4 so that the peak portion 24a-1 of the cam surface 24a of the driving cylindrical cam 24 is changed to the cam surface of the driven cylindrical cam 25. 2
The work W1 is placed on the jig 7a by moving the operating shaft 21 downward so as to face the crest 25a-1 of 5a to open each of the holding claws 31, 31.

Next, when the work W on the table 7 (the jig 7a) is discharged onto the carry-out conveyor 9, the work is performed as follows in accordance with a command from the NC control device. First, the main shaft 4 is rotated 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction, and the ridge 24a-1 of the cam surface 24a of the driving cylindrical cam 24 faces the ridge 25a-1 of the cam surface 25a of the driven cylindrical cam 25 via the shank 19. Then, the operating shaft 21 is moved downward in the same manner as described above, so that each of the holding claws 31, 31 is opened. In this state, head 3
Is moved in the horizontal direction and arranged above the jig 7a,
The head 3 is lowered to fit the holding claws 31, 31 to the work W.

Next, the main shaft 4 is rotated 90 degrees in the reverse rotation direction (or 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction), and the peak portion 24a-1 of the cam surface 24a of the driving cylindrical cam 24 is rotated via the shank 19.
Faces the valley portion 25a-2 of the cam surface 25a of the driven cylindrical cam 25, and moves the operating shaft 21 upward by the reaction force of the return spring 26 to operate the holding claws 31, 31 to operate the work W. Pinch. In this state, the head 3 is raised and moved in the horizontal direction so as to be disposed above the carry-out conveyor 9, and then the head 3 is lowered. Next, the main shaft 4 is again rotated by 90 degrees in the forward direction (or another 90 degrees in the reverse direction).
The working shaft 21 is rotated through the shank 19 so that the peak 24a-1 of the cam surface 24a of the driving cylindrical cam 24 faces the peak 25a-1 of the cam surface 25a of the driven cylindrical cam 25 via the shank 19, and the operating shaft 21 is moved upward. The work W is placed on the carry-out conveyor 9 by opening the holding claws 31.

Next, when machining the work W on the jig 7a, the automatic tool changer 10 is operated in the same manner as in the prior art, and the shank 16 with the hand on the head 3 and the tool holder 11 are operated.
Replace with the specified tool on the side. That is, the hand-operated shank 16 of the head 3 is received by the relay arm 12,
This is delivered to the tool holder 11a at the lower end. Next, for example, the tool holder 11 holding the end mill 15a is moved to the lower end side, and the end mill 15a is received by the relay arm 12 and delivered to the main shaft 4 of the head 3. Next, the main shaft of the head 3 is activated, and the movement of the column 1 and the head support 2 is controlled to process the work W on the jig 7a.

FIG. 5 shows a second embodiment. In this apparatus, a driving cylindrical cam 24-1 is fitted to a shaft portion 19a of a shank 19, and both are connected via a first one-side clutch 50 that transmits only the forward rotation of the shank 19. The -1 cam surface 24a is pressed against the cam surface 25a of the driven cylindrical cam 25 provided on the operating shaft 21 in the same manner as in the first embodiment. A rotary joint 21a rotatable about the vertical axis at the lower end of the operating shaft 21.
And the same link arms 36 as in the first embodiment are suspended from the lower end of the rotary joint 21a. Also,
A revolving structure 51 having gear teeth 51a formed on the outer periphery is rotatably provided at the lower portion of the holding case 17, and a pair of brackets 30 opposed to the left and right at the lower portion of the revolving structure 51 as in the first embodiment. 30 is projected downward and fixed.

A drive gear 52 is fixed above the shaft portion 19a of the shank 19, and the drive gear 52 is connected to the first transmission gear 5
3 The transmission gear 53 is connected to an upper end portion of a transmission shaft 54 disposed in parallel with the shank 19 and rotatably provided on the holding case 17 via a second one-side clutch 55 that transmits only reverse rotation of the shank 19. . Further, a second transmission gear 56 is fixed to the lower end of the transmission shaft 54, and the second transmission gear 56 is meshed with the gear teeth 51a of the revolving unit 51. Reference numeral 57 denotes an indexing ball plunger attached to the lower portion of the holding case 17, which engages with a locking concave portion (not shown) formed at a predetermined rotation angle on the outer periphery of the lower portion of the revolving body 51, and the revolving body 51 is carelessly prepared. To prevent excessive turning. The other structure is the same as that of the first embodiment.

According to the second embodiment, when the shank 19 is rotated through the main shaft 4 by, for example, 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction, the second one clutch 55 becomes inactive and the first one clutch 50 is engaged. Then, the driving cylindrical cam 24-1 rotates 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction, and the peak of the cam surface 24a faces the peak of the cam surface 25a of the driven cylindrical cam 25. As a result, the operating shaft 21 is moved downward, and the holding claws 31, 31 are expanded in the same manner as in the first embodiment. The work W is fitted in this state. The shank 19 is then passed through the spindle 4
Is further rotated by 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction, the driving cylindrical cam 24 is further rotated by 90 degrees in the normal rotation direction via the first one-side clutch 50, and the peak of the cam surface 24a becomes the cam surface of the driven cylindrical cam 25. Facing the valley of 25a. As a result, the operating shaft 21 moves upward, and the holding claws 31, 31 are closed to hold the work W.

Next, when the shank 19 rotates in the reverse direction via the main shaft 4, the first one clutch 50 is deactivated and the second one clutch 55 is engaged and the first transmission gear 53 and the transmission shaft 54 are engaged. The revolving body 51 is revolved through the second transmission gear 56, and the holding claws 31 are revolved about the vertical axis so that the direction of the work W is changed to a predetermined direction. Thereby, when transferring the work W from the carry-in conveyor 8 to the table 7 and from the table 7 to the carry-out conveyor 9, the work W can be changed in a predetermined direction and transferred. When the revolving unit 51 is pivoted to the set angular position, the indexing ball plunger 57 engages with a locking recess provided on the outer periphery of the revolving unit 51 and revolves.
Inadvertent turning is prevented.

[0024]

As is apparent from the above description, the present invention provides a shank which can be appropriately transferred between the main shaft of the head and the automatic tool changer, and the opening and closing operation of the shank by rotating the main shaft. As a result, the work can be carried in and out without providing a dedicated robot as in the related art, which is advantageous in that it is inexpensive, small, and has a small installation space.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a main part of an NC machine having an automatic tool changer to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a shank with a hand showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of a cam device according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a clamping claw according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a shank with a hand showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 support (column) 2 head support 3 head 4 main shaft 5 main shaft motor 6 unclamping drive unit 7 table 7a jig 8 carry-in conveyor 9 carry-out conveyor 10 automatic tool changer (ATC unit) 11 shank holder 12 relay arm 15 tool 15a End mill 15b Drill 16 Hand shank 17 Holding case 18 Bearing 19 Shank 19a Shaft 19b Taper shaft 21 Operating shaft 21a Rotary joint 22 Detent pin 23 Guide groove 24 Drive cylindrical cam (cam device) 24a Cam surface 25 Driven cylindrical cam ( Cam device) 25a cam surface 26 return spring 30 bracket 31 holding claws 32 guide shaft 33 bush 35 link mechanism 36 link arm 37 fulcrum pin 38 connection pin 39 engagement pin 40 set pin 41 engagement piece 2 spring 43 positioning groove 44 engaging portion 50 first one-way clutch 51 turning gear 51a gear teeth 52 the drive gear 53 first conductivity gear 54 conductive shaft 55 second one-way clutch 56 second conductivity gear 57 ball plunger

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A shank detachably connected to a shaft end of a main shaft is rotatably provided on a holding case, and an operating shaft is provided in the holding case so as to be movable only in the axial direction. A cam surface is provided on the axial end face of the rotating shaft to convert the shank's rotational motion to linear motion and transmit it to the operating shaft.
And a link mechanism for converting the linear movement of the operating shaft into a movement in the direction of contact and separation of the holding claw. The shank is connected to the main shaft.
When the holding case is tied to the head supporting the spindle,
A shank with a hand of an NC machine tool having an automatic tool changing device, wherein an engaging member for engaging with a case is provided . 2. A shank, which is detachably connected to a shaft end of a main shaft, is rotatably provided on a holding case, and an operating shaft is provided in the holding case so as to be movable only in the axial direction, between the shank and the operating shaft. A first clutch for transmitting only the forward rotation of the shank to the operating shaft, and a cam for converting the forward rotation of the shank into a linear reciprocating motion between the first one clutch and the operating shaft for transmission to the operating shaft. A device is provided, and a holding mechanism is rotatably suspended below a holding case via a revolving body, and a link mechanism for converting a linear reciprocating motion of an operating shaft into a movement of the holding claw in a contact / separation direction is provided. An automatic tool changer having an automatic tool changing device, wherein a second one-side clutch for transmitting only reverse rotation of the shank to the revolving structure is provided between the revolving structure and the revolving structure.
Shank with hand of C machine tool.