JP2847530B2 - Sliding show for magnetically levitated vehicles - Google Patents
Sliding show for magnetically levitated vehiclesInfo
- Publication number
- JP2847530B2 JP2847530B2 JP1171978A JP17197889A JP2847530B2 JP 2847530 B2 JP2847530 B2 JP 2847530B2 JP 1171978 A JP1171978 A JP 1171978A JP 17197889 A JP17197889 A JP 17197889A JP 2847530 B2 JP2847530 B2 JP 2847530B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- friction material
- back plate
- sliding friction
- sliding
- shoe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D2069/004—Profiled friction surfaces, e.g. grooves, dimples
Landscapes
- Braking Arrangements (AREA)
- Railway Tracks (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 この発明は、磁気浮上式車両の滑走シユーに関するも
のである。Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a sliding system for a magnetic levitation type vehicle.
磁気浮上式車両は、磁気浮上式リニアモータ推進等に
よつて軌道上を浮上して走行する車両であり、低公害超
高速鉄道であるため、都市間の新しい輸送期間としてそ
の実用化が期待されている。この磁気浮上式車両には、
浮上力が充分に得られず緊急着地するために、車両側に
滑走シユーを設け、車両を軌道面に安定的に支持しつつ
適度のブレーキ作用を生じさせるようになつている。し
かして、この滑走シユーには、高速からのブレーキ性
能、軽量性、耐熱性、耐摩耗性、非磁性、所要の強度等
を備えることが望まれている。A magnetically levitated vehicle is a vehicle that levitates on a track by propulsion of a magnetically levitated linear motor, etc., and is a low-pollution, ultra-high-speed railway, so its practical application is expected as a new transportation period between cities. ing. This magnetic levitation vehicle has
In order to make an emergency landing due to insufficient levitation force, a sliding shoe is provided on the vehicle side to generate an appropriate braking action while stably supporting the vehicle on the track surface. Thus, it is desired that the sliding shoe has braking performance from high speed, light weight, heat resistance, abrasion resistance, non-magnetism, required strength, and the like.
従来の磁気浮上式車両の滑走シユーとして、例えばチ
タン合金製の裏板にモリブデン製の摺動摩擦材をリベツ
トにて締結してシユーを構成し、このシユーを台車側の
シユー受けに固着するものが提案されている。このよう
な構造の磁気浮上式車両のシユーは、裏板をチタン合金
製とすることにより、軽量化、所要の強度、非磁性等が
確保されると共に、摺動摩擦材をモリブデン製とするこ
とにより、高度の耐熱製、耐摩耗性、非磁性等が得られ
る。As a sliding show of a conventional magnetic levitation type vehicle, for example, a sliding friction material made of molybdenum is fastened to a back plate made of a titanium alloy with a rivet to form a show, and this show is fixed to a show receiver on a bogie side. Proposed. By using a titanium alloy for the back plate of the magnetic levitation vehicle with such a structure, weight reduction, required strength, non-magnetism, etc. are secured, and the sliding friction material is made of molybdenum. , High heat resistance, wear resistance, non-magnetism, etc.
しかしながら、このような従来の磁気浮上式車両の滑
走シユーにあつては、リベツトの締結力によつて、チタ
ン合金製の裏板にモリブデン製の摺動摩擦材が接触する
構造であるため、裏板と摺動摩擦材との接触面に大きな
接触熱抵抗が存在し、緊急着地ブレーキ時に熱容量の小
さい摺動摩擦材が過度に昇温する。磁気浮上式車両は、
最高速度500km/h程度で走行するものであり、浮上力を
失つて緊急着地する際、摺動摩擦材がコンクリート軌道
面と激しく摺接する。この摩擦熱にてリベツトが軟化
し、摺動摩擦材が浮き上がると共に熱変形し、このよう
なブレーキの繰り返し作用によつて摺動摩擦材の浮き上
がり及び熱変形が増進される。その結果、裏板の熱吸収
体としての機能が更に低下すると共に摺動摩擦材の局部
当たりを生じ、安全上の問題を招くのみならず、保守費
や取替費が嵩むこととなつている。However, such a conventional magnetic levitation type vehicle has a structure in which a molybdenum sliding friction material comes into contact with a titanium alloy backing plate by a fastening force of a rivet. A large contact thermal resistance exists on the contact surface between the sliding friction material and the sliding friction material, and the sliding friction material having a small heat capacity excessively rises in temperature during emergency landing braking. Maglev vehicles are
It travels at a maximum speed of about 500km / h, and when it loses levitation force and makes an emergency landing, the sliding friction material makes heavy sliding contact with the concrete track surface. The rivet is softened by this frictional heat, and the sliding friction material is lifted and thermally deformed, and the lifting and thermal deformation of the sliding friction material are enhanced by such a repetitive action of the brake. As a result, the function of the back plate as a heat absorber is further reduced, and a local contact of the sliding friction material is caused, which not only causes a safety problem but also increases maintenance costs and replacement costs.
ところで、シユーをモリブデンにて一体形成した場合
には、高密度で摩擦材としての性状は良好であるが、重
量大、コスト大かつ強度が低く、シユー受けへの取付け
部の所要の強度が得られないなどの不具合がある。一
方、シユーをチタン合金にて一体形成した場合には、重
要及び強度の点では良好であるが、滑走軌道に摺接した
際、激しく火花を発生するなどの点で、実用性に欠け
る。By the way, when the shoe is integrally formed of molybdenum, it has high density and good properties as a friction material, but has a large weight, a large cost and a low strength, and the required strength of the mounting portion to the shoe receiver is obtained. There is a defect such as not being able to do. On the other hand, when the shoe is integrally formed of a titanium alloy, it is good in terms of importance and strength, but lacks practicality in that it violently generates a spark when sliding on a sliding track.
この発明は、このような従来の技術的課題に鑑みてな
されたものであり、その構成は、台車側に取付けられる
シユー受けに、非磁性金属製の裏板と、該裏板に熱間等
方圧加圧によつて金属接合され、該裏板よりも熱膨張係
数が小、比重が大、比強度が小、高融点かつ耐摩耗性の
高いモリブデン、モリブデン合金又はタングステン製の
摺動摩擦材とからなるシユーを固着してなり、該摺動摩
擦材が軌道面を滑走する磁気浮上式車両の滑走シユーで
あつて、該裏板の上面及び該摺動摩擦材の下面が、該裏
板に該摺動摩擦材を金属接合させた後に仕上げ加工され
て平行平面をなすと共に、少なくとも該シユーの滑走方
向と交差する方向に、該シユーの摺動摩擦材側から裏板
にまで達する切溝を形成した磁気浮上式車両の滑走シユ
ーである。そして、裏板は、摺動摩擦材に熱間等方圧加
圧によつて金属接合されたチタン又はチタン合金を有す
るものとすることができる。すなわち、裏板は、チタン
又はチタン合金単体にて構成し、或いはチタン又はチタ
ン合金にアルミニウム合金を金属接合させた複合材にへ
構成することができる。The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional technical problem, and has a structure in which a non-magnetic metal back plate and a hot plate or the like are attached to a shoe receiver attached to a bogie side. A sliding friction material made of molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy or tungsten having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion, a larger specific gravity, a smaller specific strength, a high melting point and a high wear resistance than the back plate, and is metal-joined by a direct pressure. Wherein the sliding friction material slides on the raceway surface of a magnetic levitation type vehicle, wherein the upper surface of the back plate and the lower surface of the sliding friction material are attached to the back plate. After the sliding friction material is metal-joined, it is finished to form a parallel plane, and at least in a direction intersecting the sliding direction of the shoe, a magnetic groove formed from the sliding friction material side of the shoe to the back plate is formed. This is a sliding show for a floating vehicle. The back plate may include titanium or a titanium alloy metal-bonded to the sliding friction material by hot isostatic pressing. That is, the back plate can be formed of titanium or a titanium alloy alone, or can be formed of a composite material in which titanium or a titanium alloy is metal-bonded to an aluminum alloy.
シユー受けにシユーを固着し、このシユー受けを台車
に取付けた状態にて、磁気浮上式車両が走行する。そし
て、磁気浮上式車両の緊急着地ブレーキ時に、摺動摩擦
材が軌道面を滑走し、車体が支持される。この滑走に伴
つて、摺動摩擦材が昇温し、特に車両の使用条件が過酷
な場合例えば高速度走行、車体重量が大等において著し
く昇温する。その際、裏板と摺動摩擦材との熱膨張係数
の相違に起因してつまり裏板の大きな熱膨張によつて、
摺動摩擦材が引張力を受け、耐摩耗性を備えるモリブデ
ン、モリブデン合金又はタングステン製の摺動摩擦材に
剪断応力が作用する。The magnetically levitated vehicle travels with the shoe fixed to the shoe receiver and the shoe receiver attached to the bogie. Then, at the time of emergency landing braking of the magnetic levitation type vehicle, the sliding friction material slides on the track surface, and the vehicle body is supported. As the vehicle slides, the temperature of the sliding friction material rises, and particularly when the operating conditions of the vehicle are severe, for example, when the vehicle runs at a high speed and the vehicle body weight is large, the temperature rises remarkably. At that time, due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the back plate and the sliding friction material, that is, due to the large thermal expansion of the back plate,
The sliding friction material receives a tensile force, and a shear stress acts on the sliding friction material made of molybdenum, molybdenum alloy, or tungsten having wear resistance.
しかしながら、軌道面と摺接する摺動摩擦材は裏板と
熱間等方圧加圧による金属接合によつて全面的に一体化
して熱伝導が良好であり、実質的に熱容量が向上してい
るため、摺動摩擦に生ずる摩擦熱は熱吸収体として機能
する裏板に良好に伝導され、摺動摩擦材の温度の昇温が
防止されると共に、切溝の存在によつて摺動摩擦材への
応力が分散緩和されるので、裏板に対して脆弱な摺動摩
擦材の接合面近傍に亀裂ひいては摺動摩擦材の欠損を発
生することが良好に防止される。シユーは一般に滑走方
向に長いため、少なくともシユーの滑走方向と交差する
方向に切溝を構成することにより、摺動摩擦材が長手方
向に分割されることとなり、上記応力の分散作用が良好
に得られる。そして、裏板を、チタン又はチタン合金製
とすることにより、シユーの軽量化、所要の強度等が良
好に得られ、また、チタン又はチタン合金にアルミニウ
ム合金を金属接合させて構成すれば、軽量化と熱容量増
加とを良好に両立させることができる。However, since the sliding friction material that is in sliding contact with the raceway surface is fully integrated with the back plate by metal bonding by hot isostatic pressing, heat conduction is good, and the heat capacity is substantially improved. The frictional heat generated in the sliding friction is well conducted to the back plate functioning as a heat absorber, preventing the temperature of the sliding friction material from rising, and reducing the stress on the sliding friction material due to the presence of the kerf. Since the dispersion is alleviated, cracks in the vicinity of the joint surface of the sliding friction material that is fragile with respect to the back plate, and thus, the occurrence of the loss of the sliding friction material are favorably prevented. Since the shoe is generally long in the sliding direction, the sliding friction material is divided in the longitudinal direction at least by forming the kerf in a direction intersecting with the sliding direction of the shoe, so that the stress dispersing action can be obtained well. . By making the back plate made of titanium or a titanium alloy, the weight of the shoe can be reduced, the required strength, etc. can be obtained favorably. And heat capacity can be satisfactorily compatible.
以下、この発明の実施例について図面を参照して説明
する。Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第1,2図は、この発明の１実施例を示す。図中におい
て符号１は、磁気浮上式車両の台車を示し、台車１のブ
ラケツト1aには、金属製のシユー受け２が、磁気浮上式
車両の滑走方向（第１図に矢印Ａにて示す。）と直交し
て延在するピン３によつて揺動自在に取付けられる。ま
たピン３と台車１との間には、磁気浮上式車両の滑走方
向（Ａ方向）に延在するブレーキアンカー４が設けら
れ、ブラケツト1aを補強している。そしてシユー受け２
の底面には、シユー５が複数個のボルト6a,ナツト6bに
よつて着脱自在に固着され、滑走シユーを構成する。1 and 2 show one embodiment of the present invention. In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a bogie of a magnetically levitated vehicle, and a bracket 1a of the bogie 1 has a metal shoe receiver 2 in the sliding direction of the magnetically levitated vehicle (indicated by an arrow A in FIG. 1). ) Is swingably mounted by a pin 3 extending perpendicularly to (3). A brake anchor 4 is provided between the pin 3 and the bogie 1 to extend in the sliding direction (A direction) of the magnetically levitated vehicle, and reinforces the bracket 1a. And show 2
A shoe 5 is removably fixed to the bottom surface of the vehicle by a plurality of bolts 6a and nuts 6b to form a sliding shoe.
シユー５は、熱膨張係数が大、比重が小、比強度が
大、比較的低融点かるつ耐摩耗性が比較的低い非磁性金
属性の裏板６と、裏板６に金属接合され、裏板６よりも
熱膨張係数が小、比重が大、比強度が小、高融点かつ耐
摩耗性が高いモリブデン、モリブデン合金又はタングス
テン製の摺動摩擦材７とからなる。このような裏板６
は、チタン又はチタン合金単体製が好適であり、更に軽
量化を達成するために、摺動摩擦材７に金属接合される
チタン又はチタン合金に、アルミニウム合金を金属接合
させた複合材製とすることができる。また摺動摩擦材７
は、チタン又はチタン合金に対し上記の性状を備える、
モリブデン若しくは高温での強度を向上させたモリブデ
ン合金又はタングステン製とする。The shoe 5 has a large thermal expansion coefficient, a small specific gravity, a large specific strength, a relatively low melting point, a non-magnetic metal back plate 6 having a relatively low wear resistance, and a metal joint to the back plate 6, It is made of a sliding friction material 7 made of molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy or tungsten having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion, a larger specific gravity, a smaller specific strength, a higher melting point and a higher wear resistance than the back plate 6. Such back plate 6
Is preferably made of titanium or a titanium alloy alone, and is made of a composite material in which an aluminum alloy is metal-joined to titanium or a titanium alloy which is metal-joined to the sliding friction material 7 in order to further reduce the weight. Can be. Sliding friction material 7
Has the above properties for titanium or titanium alloy,
It is made of molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy having improved strength at high temperatures, or tungsten.
更に、裏板６の厚さは、磁気浮上式車両の重量を支持
すると共に緊急着地時の衝撃力に耐え得、かつシユー受
け２への充分な取付け強度及び熱容量を得るのに必要な
厚さ（この実施例にあつては、20mmに設定した。）、ま
た摺動摩擦材７の厚さは、摩耗量を考慮して定められ
（この実施例にあつては、5mmに設定した。）、シユー
５全体の大きさは、熱容量も考慮して定められる。Further, the thickness of the back plate 6 is sufficient to support the weight of the magnetic levitation type vehicle, to withstand the impact force at the time of emergency landing, and to obtain sufficient mounting strength and heat capacity to the shoe receiver 2. (In this example, the thickness was set to 20 mm.) The thickness of the sliding friction material 7 was determined in consideration of the amount of wear (in this example, it was set to 5 mm). The size of the entire shoe 5 is determined in consideration of the heat capacity.
このようなシユー５は、次のようにして製作される。
すなわち、第２図（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示すように平板状
の裏板６の一側表面に、摺動摩擦材７を構成する複数個
（この実施例にあつては６個）の摩擦片7Aを相互に所定
間隔を保持して配置し、熱間等方圧加圧（HIP）にて各
摩擦片7Aと裏板６とを金属接合する。熱間等方圧加圧
は、アルゴン等の不活性ガス下で温度を上げて圧接する
拡散接合法であり、圧接した境界面が溶融して金属接合
する。その際、摺動摩擦材７は相互に所定間隔を保持し
て複数個に分割されているため、熱間等方圧加圧による
接合完了後の冷却時に、裏板６と摺動摩擦材７との熱膨
張係数の差に起因してモリブデン、モリブデン合金又は
タングステン製の摺動摩擦材７に剪断応力が過大に発生
し、接合面近傍に亀裂を生ずることが防止される。熱間
等方圧加圧による接合終了後には、第２図（ｃ）に示す
ように複数個の摩擦片7Aの間に位置する裏板６を所定深
さに切削し、摺動摩擦材７側から裏板６にまで達し、シ
ユー５の滑走方向（Ａ方向）と交差する方向に延在する
比較的深いＵ字型の切溝8a及び滑走方向（Ａ方向）に延
在する比較的浅いＵ字形の切溝8bを形成する。各切溝8
a,8bは、Ｕ字形に仕上げることにより、応力集中箇所が
生じないように考慮されている。また、この切溝8a,8b
の形成と同時に、裏板６の四隅及び切溝8aの各両端部
に、各ボルト6a頭部用の平坦な座面8c及びボルト挿通用
孔8dを形成する。Such a shoe 5 is manufactured as follows.
That is, as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), a plurality of (six in this embodiment) friction members constituting the sliding friction material 7 are formed on one side surface of the flat back plate 6. The pieces 7A are arranged at a predetermined interval from each other, and the friction pieces 7A and the back plate 6 are metal-bonded by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Hot isostatic pressing is a diffusion bonding method in which the temperature is increased under an inert gas such as argon and pressure is applied, and the pressed interface is melted and metal-joined. At this time, since the sliding friction material 7 is divided into a plurality of parts while maintaining a predetermined distance from each other, the cooling between the back plate 6 and the sliding friction material 7 at the time of cooling after the completion of joining by hot isostatic pressing is performed. Excessive shear stress is generated in the sliding friction material 7 made of molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy, or tungsten due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient, thereby preventing a crack from being generated near the joint surface. After completion of the joining by hot isostatic pressing, the back plate 6 located between the plurality of friction pieces 7A is cut to a predetermined depth as shown in FIG. To the back plate 6, and a relatively deep U-shaped incision 8a extending in a direction intersecting the sliding direction (A direction) of the shoe 5 and a relatively shallow U extending in the sliding direction (A direction). A U-shaped kerf 8b is formed. 8 kerfs
The a and 8b are designed so as not to cause stress concentration points by finishing in a U-shape. Also, these kerfs 8a, 8b
At the same time, flat seating surfaces 8c for the heads of the bolts 6a and bolt insertion holes 8d are formed at the four corners of the back plate 6 and at both ends of the cut grooves 8a.
ところで、大きな熱容量が必要でなくシユー５ひいて
は裏板６を薄肉に形成する場合には、摺動摩擦材７の亀
裂は、熱間等方圧加圧による接合時に生ずることは比較
的少なく、主として緊急着地ブレーキ時に過度に昇温し
て生ずるため、摺動摩擦材７を１枚の平板として熱間等
方圧加圧による接合に供し、熱間等方圧加圧による接合
後に摺動摩擦材７側から裏板６にまで達する切溝8a,8b
を必要に応じて形成してもよい。In the case where a large heat capacity is not required and the shell 5 and the back plate 6 are formed to be thin, cracks in the sliding friction material 7 are relatively rarely generated at the time of joining by hot isostatic pressing. Since the sliding friction material 7 is generated as an excessively high temperature at the time of the landing brake, the sliding friction material 7 is provided as a single flat plate for joining by hot isostatic pressing, and after joining by hot isostatic pressing, from the sliding friction material 7 side. Grooves 8a, 8b reaching back plate 6
May be formed as necessary.
また、摺動摩擦材７を１枚の平板として、熱間等方圧
加圧による接合後にシユー５を冷却すると、熱膨張係数
の差に起因して第３図に誇張して示すように摺動摩擦材
７の滑走方向（Ａ方向）中央部を凸とする湾曲歪みを発
生する。そこで、熱間等方圧加圧による接合後に、シユ
ー５の第３図に斜線にて示す部分を切除して、シユー５
の両面すなわち裏板６の上面及び摺動摩擦材７の下面を
平行平面に仕上げ加工することができる。この加工によ
り、裏板６がシユー受け２に全面にて密着すると共に、
摺動摩擦材７が軌道９面に全面にて摺接するようにな
る。加えて、シユー受け２は、台車１のブラケツト1aに
ピン３によつて揺動自在に取付けられているため、ブレ
ーキ時に揺動し、滑走方向（矢印Ａ方向）前部の摺動摩
擦材７の摩耗が促進されるが、第３図に示す摺動摩擦材
７によれば、その前後部が共に肉厚に形成されているた
め、摺動摩擦材７の摺動面積を広く確保しつつ、その厚
さに応じた摩耗量が得られ、高価なモリブデン等を有効
利用することができると共に、裏板６が軌道９面と直接
摺接することが長期間にわたつて良好に防止される。When the sliding friction material 7 is formed as a single flat plate and the shower 5 is cooled after joining by hot isostatic pressing, the sliding friction is exaggerated as shown in FIG. A curved distortion is generated in which the center of the material 7 in the sliding direction (A direction) is convex. Then, after joining by hot isostatic pressing, the portion of the shroud 5 shown in FIG.
, That is, the upper surface of the back plate 6 and the lower surface of the sliding friction material 7 can be finished to parallel planes. By this processing, the back plate 6 is in close contact with the shoe receiver 2 over the entire surface,
The sliding friction material 7 comes into sliding contact with the entire surface of the track 9. In addition, since the shoe receiver 2 is swingably attached to the bracket 1a of the cart 1 by the pins 3, it swings at the time of braking, so that the sliding friction material 7 at the front in the sliding direction (arrow A direction) is formed. Although the abrasion is promoted, according to the sliding friction material 7 shown in FIG. 3, since the front and rear portions are both formed to be thick, the sliding friction material 7 has a large sliding area while maintaining a large sliding area. An appropriate amount of wear can be obtained, and expensive molybdenum or the like can be effectively used, and the direct contact of the back plate 6 with the surface of the track 9 can be effectively prevented for a long period of time.
次に作用について説明する。 Next, the operation will be described.
ボルト6a,ナツト6bにてシユー５を固着したシユー受
け２を、ピン３にて台車１に取付けた状態にて磁気浮上
式車両が走行する。そして、緊急着地時には、摺動摩擦
材７がコンクリート製等の軌道９面を滑走し、ブレーキ
作用が得られると共に台車１が支持される。この滑走に
伴つて、摺動摩擦材７が昇温し、特に車両使用条件が過
酷な場合例えば高速度走行、車体重量が大等において著
しく昇温し、摺動摩擦材７が1500℃以上にまで昇温す
る。そして、裏板６と摺動摩擦材７との熱膨張係数の相
違に起因してつまり裏板６の大きな熱膨張によつて摺動
摩擦材７が引張力を受け、モリブデン等からなる摺動摩
擦材７に剪断応力が作用する。The magnetic levitation type vehicle travels in a state where the shoe receiver 2 to which the shoe 5 is fixed with the bolts 6a and the nuts 6b is attached to the bogie 1 with the pins 3. Then, at the time of emergency landing, the sliding friction material 7 slides on the surface of the track 9 made of concrete or the like, so that the braking action is obtained and the bogie 1 is supported. With this sliding, the temperature of the sliding friction material 7 rises, especially when the vehicle operating conditions are severe, for example, at high speeds, when the vehicle weight is large, etc., and the temperature of the sliding friction material 7 rises to 1500 ° C. or more. Warm up. The sliding friction material 7 receives a tensile force due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the back plate 6 and the sliding friction material 7, that is, due to a large thermal expansion of the back plate 6, and the sliding friction material 7 made of molybdenum or the like. Is subjected to shear stress.
しかしながら、軌道９面と摺接する摺動摩擦材７は裏
板６と金属接合によつて全面的に一体化して熱伝導が良
好であり、実質的に熱容量が向上している。このため、
摺動摩擦材７に生ずる摩擦熱が熱吸収体として機能する
裏板６に良好に放散され、摺動摩擦材７の過度の昇温が
防止されると共に、切溝8a,8bの存在によつて摺動摩擦
材７への応力が複数個の摩擦片7Aに分散されて緩和され
る。その結果、裏板６に対して脆弱な摺動摩擦材７の接
合面近傍に亀裂ひいては摺動摩擦材７の欠損等を発生す
ることが良好に防止される。なお、裏板６と摺動摩擦材
７との金属接合箇所の接合強度を実験にて測定したとこ
ろ、摩擦方向の剪断応力が30kg f/mm2以上であり、高速
走行する磁気浮上式車両の滑走シユーとして充分耐え得
るものであることを確認した。However, the sliding friction material 7 slidably in contact with the surface of the track 9 is entirely integrated with the back plate 6 by metal bonding, has good heat conduction, and has substantially improved heat capacity. For this reason,
The frictional heat generated in the sliding friction material 7 is satisfactorily radiated to the back plate 6 functioning as a heat absorber, preventing the sliding friction material 7 from being excessively heated and sliding due to the presence of the cut grooves 8a and 8b. The stress on the dynamic friction material 7 is dispersed and reduced by the plurality of friction pieces 7A. As a result, cracks in the vicinity of the joint surface of the sliding friction material 7 that is fragile with respect to the back plate 6 and the occurrence of breakage of the sliding friction material 7 and the like are favorably prevented. The joint strength of the metal joint between the back plate 6 and the sliding friction material 7 was measured by an experiment, and the shear stress in the friction direction was 30 kg f / mm 2 or more. It was confirmed that the shoe could withstand enough.
第４図には、シユー５の他の構造例を示す。この構造
例にあつては、第４図（ａ）及び（ｂ）に示すように平
板状の裏板６の一側表面に、複数個（この構成例にあつ
ては４個）の摩擦片7Aを相互に所定間隔を確保して１単
位7Bとし、更に各単位7B間に大きめの間隔Ｌを確保し
て、滑走方向（Ａ方向）に３単位配置し、裏板６と各摩
擦片7Aとを熱間等方圧加圧（HIP）にて金属接合し、摺
動摩擦材７を形成する。裏板６は、熱膨張係数が大、比
重が小かつ比強度の大きい非磁性金属製（例えば、チタ
ン、チタン合金製等）であり、摺動摩擦材７は、裏板６
よりも熱膨張係数が小、比重が大、比強度が小、高融点
かつ耐摩耗性の高いモリブデン、モリブデン合金又はダ
ングステン製である。FIG. 4 shows another structural example of the shoe 5. In this structural example, as shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), a plurality of (four in this configuration example) friction pieces are provided on one surface of the flat back plate 6. The units 7A are arranged at a predetermined interval from each other to form one unit 7B. Further, a large interval L is secured between the units 7B, and three units are arranged in the sliding direction (A direction). Are joined to each other by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) to form a sliding friction material 7. The back plate 6 is made of a non-magnetic metal (for example, titanium, a titanium alloy, or the like) having a large coefficient of thermal expansion, a small specific gravity, and a large specific strength.
It is made of molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy or dungsten having a smaller coefficient of thermal expansion, a larger specific gravity, a smaller specific strength, a high melting point and a high wear resistance.
この金属接合に際し、摺動摩擦材７には前記実施例と
同様に、裏板６と摺動摩擦材７との熱膨張係数の差に起
因してモリブデン等からなる摺動摩擦材７に剪断応力が
発生するが、摺動摩擦材７は複数個の摩擦片7Aに分割さ
れているので、剪断応力が過大に発生することが回避さ
れ、摺動摩擦材７に亀裂を生ずることが防止される。At the time of this metal joining, a shear stress is generated in the sliding friction material 7 made of molybdenum or the like due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the back plate 6 and the sliding friction material 7 as in the above-described embodiment. However, since the sliding friction material 7 is divided into the plurality of friction pieces 7A, excessive generation of shear stress is avoided, and cracking of the sliding friction material 7 is prevented.
熱間等方圧加圧による接合終了後には、第４図
（ｃ），（ｄ）に示すように、各単位7Bの間に位置する
裏板６を所定深さに切削し、摺動摩擦材７側から裏板６
にまで達し、シユー５の滑走方向（Ａ方向）と交差する
方向に延在する比較的深いＵ字形の切溝8a′を形成し、
また各単位7B内の摩擦片7A間に位置する裏板６も切削
し、滑走方向（Ａ方向）と交差する方向に延在する比較
的浅いＵ字形の切溝8e′及び滑走方向（Ａ方向）に延在
する比較的浅いＵ字形の切溝8b′をそれぞれ形成する。
なお、各切溝8a′,8b′,8e′の形成に際し、裏板６の四
隅及び切溝8a′の各両端部に、ボルト6a頭部の座面8c′
及びボルト挿通用孔8d′を形成する。After completion of the joining by hot isostatic pressing, the back plate 6 located between the units 7B is cut to a predetermined depth as shown in FIGS. Back plate 6 from 7 side
To form a relatively deep U-shaped incision 8a 'extending in a direction intersecting the sliding direction (A direction) of the shoe 5,
The back plate 6 located between the friction pieces 7A in each unit 7B is also cut, and a relatively shallow U-shaped incision 8e 'extending in a direction intersecting the sliding direction (A direction) and the sliding direction (A direction) ), A relatively shallow U-shaped kerf 8b 'is formed.
When forming the cuts 8a ', 8b', 8e ', the four corners of the back plate 6 and both ends of the cut 8a' are provided with seating surfaces 8c 'of the heads of the bolts 6a.
And a bolt insertion hole 8d '.
このようなシユー５を用いた磁気浮上式車両の滑走シ
ユーによれば、摺動摩擦材７がコンクリート製の軌道９
面を滑走して摩擦熱にて昇温した際、裏板６と摺動摩擦
材７との熱膨張係数の差に起因してモリブデン等からな
る摺動摩擦材７に剪断応力が作用する。しかしながら、
各切溝8a′,8b′,8c′の存在によつて摺動摩擦材７に作
用する応力が分散緩和され、摺動摩擦材７に亀裂を発生
することが良好に防止され、第２図に示す実施例とほぼ
同様の作用が得られる。また、この構造例によれば、摺
動摩擦材７を第２図に示す実施例よりも多数に分割した
ので、同じ大きさのシユー５の場合、摺動摩擦材７に作
用する応力が更に分散され、その結果亀裂を生じ難い。According to the sliding show of a magnetic levitation type vehicle using such a show 5, the sliding friction material 7 is made of a concrete track 9
When the surface is slid and heated by frictional heat, a shear stress acts on the sliding friction material 7 made of molybdenum or the like due to a difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the back plate 6 and the sliding friction material 7. However,
Due to the presence of the grooves 8a ', 8b', 8c ', the stress acting on the sliding friction material 7 is dispersed and alleviated, and the occurrence of cracks in the sliding friction material 7 is effectively prevented, as shown in FIG. Almost the same operation as the embodiment can be obtained. Further, according to this structural example, since the sliding friction material 7 is divided into a larger number than in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in the case of the shoe 5 having the same size, the stress acting on the sliding friction material 7 is further dispersed. As a result, cracks are unlikely to occur.
以上の説明によつて理解されるように、この発明によ
れば、下記の諸効果が得られる。As understood from the above description, according to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.
（１）摺動摩擦材は裏板に熱間等方圧加圧によつて金属
接合され、完全な接合状態が得られるので、熱伝導が良
く、裏板を熱吸収体として充分に活用できると共に、摺
動摩擦材側から裏板にまで達する切溝を形成して摺動摩
擦材を分割したため、摺動摩擦材に裏板と熱膨張係数の
差に基づく亀裂を生じ難く、シユーの耐久性が著しく向
上する。(1) The sliding friction material is metal-bonded to the back plate by hot isostatic pressing to obtain a perfect bonding state, so that heat conduction is good and the back plate can be fully utilized as a heat absorber. Since the sliding friction material is divided by forming a groove extending from the sliding friction material side to the back plate, cracks are unlikely to occur in the sliding friction material due to the difference between the back plate and the coefficient of thermal expansion, significantly improving the durability of the shoe. I do.
（２）摺動摩擦材に亀裂を生じ難い構造であるため、裏
板の肉厚化が可能となり、裏板の肉厚化によつてシユー
の熱容量が増大するので、摺動摩擦材の過熱が防止さ
れ、この点からも摺動摩擦材の亀裂発生を抑制でき、ま
た耐摩耗性を備える摺動摩擦材の厚肉化も図れてシユー
の寿命を向上できる。また裏板の肉厚化と切溝の形成と
が相俟つてシユーの異常変形が防止され、軌道面との局
部当たりに基づく偏摩耗が回避されるため、シユーの耐
久性が著しく向上する。(2) Since the sliding friction material has a structure that does not easily crack, the thickness of the back plate can be increased, and the heat capacity of the shoe increases due to the increase in the thickness of the back plate, thereby preventing overheating of the sliding friction material. Also from this point, the occurrence of cracks in the sliding friction material can be suppressed, and the thickness of the sliding friction material having wear resistance can be increased, so that the life of the shoe can be improved. In addition, the thickening of the back plate and the formation of the cut groove prevent abnormal deformation of the shoe and prevent uneven wear due to local contact with the raceway surface, thereby significantly improving the durability of the shoe.
（３）シユーは、非磁性金属製の裏板に、裏板よりも比
重が大であるモリブデン、モリブデン合金又はタングス
テン製の摺動摩擦材を熱間等方圧加圧によつて金属接合
して構成されているため、モリブデン、モリブデン合金
又はダングステン単体にてシユーを構成する場合と比較
して、シユーが軽量化される。例えば、裏板を軽量かつ
比強度の高いチタン又はチタン合金製とすることによ
り、シユーの軽量化及び強度向上を共に図ることがで
き、重量を50％削減することも可能である。(3) The shoe is metal-bonded to a non-magnetic metal back plate by using a molybdenum, molybdenum alloy or tungsten sliding friction material having a higher specific gravity than the back plate by hot isostatic pressing. Since it is configured, the weight of the shoe is reduced as compared with the case where the shower is composed of molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy or dangsten alone. For example, when the back plate is made of titanium or a titanium alloy having a high weight and a high specific strength, the weight of the shoe can be reduced and the strength can be improved, and the weight can be reduced by 50%.
（４）シユー（裏板）の再利用が可能である。すなわ
ち、長期使用により、摺動摩擦材が摩耗してシユーの交
換が必要になり、シユー受けからシユーを取り外した
際、高温の熱履歴を受けたシユーに反りを生ずる傾向を
呈する。しかし、この発明によれば、摺動摩擦材側から
裏板にまで達する切溝を形成したため、シユーの反りが
軽減され、裏板の再利用が可能になる。(4) The shoe (back plate) can be reused. That is, the sliding friction material wears out due to long-term use, and replacement of the shoe is required. When the shoe is removed from the shoe receiver, the shoe subjected to the high-temperature heat history tends to be warped. However, according to the present invention, since the notch extending from the sliding friction material side to the back plate is formed, warpage of the shoe is reduced, and the back plate can be reused.
（５）摺動摩擦材を熱膨張係数の小さなモリブデン、モ
リブデン合金又はダングステンにて形成し、裏板を熱膨
張係数の大きな金属にて形成したため、熱間等方圧加圧
による金属接合後の摺動摩擦材に一般に圧縮応力が残存
するが、ブレーキ時に摺動摩擦材が昇温して熱膨張する
際、摺動摩擦材の圧縮残留応力が相殺される傾向になる
ため、シユーの歪みが軽減される。(5) The sliding friction material is made of molybdenum, a molybdenum alloy or dangsten having a small coefficient of thermal expansion, and the back plate is made of a metal having a large coefficient of thermal expansion. Generally, compressive stress remains in the dynamic friction material. However, when the sliding friction material is heated and thermally expanded during braking, the compressive residual stress of the sliding friction material tends to be canceled out, so that distortion of the shear is reduced.
（６）裏板に摺動摩擦材を熱間等方圧加圧によつて金属
接合し、冷却した状態では裏板と摺動摩擦材の熱膨張係
数の差に起因して摺動摩擦材の滑走方向中央部を凸とす
る湾曲歪みが発生するが、裏板の上面と摺動摩擦材の下
面とを平行平面に仕上げ加工することにより修正され
る。これにより、裏板がシユー受けに全面にて密着する
と共に、摺動摩擦材が軌道面に全面にて摺接するように
なる。加えて、シユー受けは、台車に取付けた状態での
ブレーキ時に揺動し、滑走方向前部の摺動摩擦材の摩耗
が促進されるが、この加工を施した摺動摩擦材によれ
ば、その前後部が共に肉厚に形成されているため、摺動
摩擦材の摺接面積を広く確保しつつ、その厚さに応じた
摩耗量が得られ、高価なモリブデン等を有効利用するこ
とができると共に、裏板が軌道面と直接摺接することが
長時間にわたつて良好に防止される。(6) The sliding friction material is metal-bonded to the back plate by hot isostatic pressing, and in the cooled state, the sliding direction of the sliding friction material due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the back plate and the sliding friction material. Curvature distortion having a convex central portion occurs, but is corrected by finishing the upper surface of the back plate and the lower surface of the sliding friction material into parallel planes. As a result, the back plate comes into close contact with the shoe receiver over the entire surface, and the sliding friction material comes into sliding contact with the track surface over the entire surface. In addition, the shoe receiver swings at the time of braking in a state of being mounted on the bogie, and the wear of the sliding friction material at the front in the sliding direction is promoted. Since both parts are formed thick, while ensuring a wide sliding contact area of the sliding friction material, a wear amount according to the thickness is obtained, and expensive molybdenum and the like can be effectively used, and The sliding contact of the back plate with the raceway surface is effectively prevented for a long time.
第1,2図はこの発明の１実施例を示し、第１図は滑走シ
ユーを磁気浮上式車両に取付けた状態を示す正面図，第
２図（ａ）は金属接合前のシユーを示す正面図，第２図
（ｂ）は同じく平面図，第２図（ｃ）は金属接合後のシ
ユーを示す正面図，第２図（ｄ）は同じく平面図，第３
図はシユーを示す説明図，第４図はシユーの他の構造例
を示し、第４図（ａ）は金属接合前のシユーを示す正面
図，第４図（ｂ）は同じく平面図，第４図（ｃ）は金属
接合後のシユーを示す正面図，第４図（ｄ）は同じく平
面図である。 1:台車,2:シユー受け,3:ピン,5:シユー,6:裏板,7:摺動
摩擦材,8a,8b,8a′,8b′,8e′：切溝,8c,8c′：座面,8
d,8d′：ボルト挿通用孔,9:軌道,A:滑走方向。1 and 2 show an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a state in which a sliding shoe is mounted on a magnetic levitation type vehicle, and FIG. 2 (a) is a front view showing the shoe before metal joining. FIG. 2 (b) is a plan view, FIG. 2 (c) is a front view showing the shell after metal bonding, FIG. 2 (d) is a plan view, and FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing a shell, FIG. 4 shows another structural example of the shell, FIG. 4 (a) is a front view showing the shell before metal bonding, FIG. FIG. 4 (c) is a front view showing the shoe after metal bonding, and FIG. 4 (d) is a plan view of the same. 1: Bogie, 2: Shoe holder, 3: Pin, 5: Show, 6: Back plate, 7: Sliding friction material, 8a, 8b, 8a ', 8b', 8e ': Cut groove, 8c, 8c': Seat Face, 8
d, 8d ': Bolt insertion hole, 9: Track, A: Sliding direction.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 出村 要 埼玉県羽生市東５丁目４番71号 株式会 社曙ブレーキ中央技術研究所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−107871（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−142705（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−99590（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特公 昭64−10386（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) 実公 昭57−48685（ＪＰ，Ｙ２) (58)調査した分野(Int.Cl.6，ＤＢ名) B61F 3/00 B61B 13/08──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Kaname Demura 5-4-171 Higashi, Hanyu City, Saitama Prefecture Inside Akebono Brake Central Research Institute Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-63-107871 (JP, A) JP-A-62-142705 (JP, A) JP-A-61-99590 (JP, A) JP-B-64-10386 (JP, B2) JP-B-57-48685 (JP, Y2) (58) (Int.Cl. 6 , DB name) B61F 3/00 B61B 13/08
Claims (2)
性金属製の裏板と、該裏板に熱間等方圧加圧によつて金
属接合され、該裏板よりも熱膨張係数が小、比重が大、
比強度が小、高融点かつ耐摩耗性の高いモリブデン、モ
リブデン合金又はタングステン製の摺動摩擦材とからな
るシユーを固着してなり、該摺動摩擦材が軌道面を滑走
する磁気浮上式車両の滑走シユーであつて、該裏板の上
面及び該摺動摩擦材の下面が、該裏板に該摺動摩擦材を
金属接合させた後に仕上げ加工されて平行平面をなすと
共に、少なくとも該シユーの滑走方向と交差する方向
に、該シユーの摺動摩擦材側から裏板にまで達する切溝
を形成したことを特徴とする磁気浮上式車両の滑走シユ
ー。A back plate made of a non-magnetic metal, and a metal plate joined to the back plate by hot isostatic pressing to have a coefficient of thermal expansion higher than that of the back plate. Small, large specific gravity,
A sliding of a magnetic levitation vehicle in which a shoe made of molybdenum, molybdenum alloy or tungsten sliding friction material having a small specific strength, high melting point and high wear resistance is fixed, and the sliding friction material slides on a track surface. The upper surface of the back plate and the lower surface of the sliding friction material are subjected to finish processing after the sliding friction material is metal-bonded to the back plate to form a parallel plane, and at least to the sliding direction of the shoe. A sliding shoe for a magnetically levitated vehicle, wherein a cut groove is formed in a direction intersecting from the sliding friction material side of the shoe to the back plate.
つて金属接合されたチタン又はチタン合金を有する請求
項（１）記載の磁気浮上式車両の滑走シユー。2. The sliding show for a magnetic levitation vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the back plate comprises titanium or a titanium alloy metal-bonded to the sliding friction material by hot isostatic pressing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1171978A JP2847530B2 (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1989-07-05 | Sliding show for magnetically levitated vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1171978A JP2847530B2 (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1989-07-05 | Sliding show for magnetically levitated vehicles |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0338465A JPH0338465A (en) | 1991-02-19 |
| JP2847530B2 true JP2847530B2 (en) | 1999-01-20 |
Family
ID=15933272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1171978A Expired - Fee Related JP2847530B2 (en) | 1989-07-05 | 1989-07-05 | Sliding show for magnetically levitated vehicles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2847530B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6371261B1 (en) * | 1997-11-06 | 2002-04-16 | Otis Elevator Company | Molybdenum alloy elevator safety brakes |
| KR100729095B1 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2007-06-14 | 주식회사 포스코 | Damper apparatus of apron feeder chute |
| JP4997166B2 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2012-08-08 | 株式会社ジャムコ | Normal conducting suction type magnetic levitation vehicle |
| US9546048B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2017-01-17 | Simatek Bulk Systems A/S | Drum dispenser |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5748685U (en) * | 1980-09-04 | 1982-03-18 | ||
| JPS6410386A (en) * | 1987-07-03 | 1989-01-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Circular arc input method |
-
1989
- 1989-07-05 JP JP1171978A patent/JP2847530B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0338465A (en) | 1991-02-19 |
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