JP2023521845A - リチウム二次電池用電解質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用電解質およびこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023521845A JP2023521845A JP2022562357A JP2022562357A JP2023521845A JP 2023521845 A JP2023521845 A JP 2023521845A JP 2022562357 A JP2022562357 A JP 2022562357A JP 2022562357 A JP2022562357 A JP 2022562357A JP 2023521845 A JP2023521845 A JP 2023521845A
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- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- electrolyte
- active material
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 14
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- ZBKFYXZXZJPWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=S ZBKFYXZXZJPWNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate group Chemical group [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiocyanate group Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011871 silicon-based negative electrode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum lithium cobalt(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Co++].[Ni++] NDPGDHBNXZOBJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004426 substituted alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 14
- -1 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene Chlorobenzene Chemical compound 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphine group Chemical group P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000003232 water-soluble binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-difluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1F GOYDNIKZWGIXJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
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- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
Description
一実施形態によるリチウム二次電池用電解質は、非水性有機溶媒、リチウム塩および添加剤を含み、前記添加剤は下記化学式1で表される化合物を含むことができる。
L1は、単一結合、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~5のアルキレン基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~5のシクロアルキレン基、または置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6~15のアリーレン基であり、
Zは、イソシアネート基(-NCO)、イソチオシアネート基(-NCS)、シアネート基(-OCN)、チオシアネート基(-SCN)、シアノ基(-CN)、またはイソシアノ基(-NC)であり、
R1およびR2は同一であるか互いに異なり、それぞれ独立して、水素、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルケニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、またはハロゲン化物基である。
Lix2Niy2Coz2Al1-y2-z2O2
上記化学式5中、1≦x2≦1.2、0.6≦y2≦1、そして0≦z2≦0.5であってもよい。
前記負極は、電流集電体およびこの電流集電体の上に形成された負極活物質を含む負極活物質層を含む。
実施例1
正極活物質としてLiNi0.88Co0.105Al0.015O2、バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライドおよび導電材としてカーボンブラックをそれぞれ98:1:1の重量比で混合して、N-メチルピロリドンに分散させて正極活物質スラリーを製造した。
(電解液組成)
塩:1.5M LiPF6
溶媒:エチレンカーボネート:エチルメチルカーボネート:ジメチルカーボネート(EC:EMC:DMC=2:1:7の体積比)
添加剤:下記化学式2で表される化合物0.5重量%
実施例1で前記化学式2で表される化合物1.0重量%使用したことを除いては実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
実施例1で前記化学式2で表される化合物1.5重量%使用したことを除いては実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
正極活物質をLiNi0.88Co0.105Al0.015O2の代わりにLiCoO2を使用したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤を使用しないことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
添加剤を使用せず、正極活物質をLiNi0.88Co0.105Al0.015O2の代わりにLiCoO2を使用したことを除いては前記実施例1と同様な方法でリチウム二次電池を製造した。
初期放電容量は次のような方法で測定された。実施例1、2および4、比較例1~2によって製造されたそれぞれのリチウム二次電池を常温(25℃)で1Aの電流で3分間予備充電(pre-charging)を実施した後、24時間リチウム二次電池の電解液含浸のためのエイジング(aging)を実施した。その後、定電流条件下で4.2Vまで充電後、2.5Vまで放電し、これを再びSOC(state of charge)50%水準に充電した後、45℃で3日間エイジングを実施して化成工程を行う。その後、常温(25℃)で定電流-定電圧で1.6C、4.2Vおよび0.025Cカット-オフ充電条件および定電流2.5Cおよび2.5Vカット-オフ放電条件の充放電をそれぞれ1回ずつ実施した後、放電容量を計算してその結果を下記表1および2に示した。
DC-IR(Direct Current Internal Resistance)は次のような方法で測定された。実施例1~2および比較例1によって製造されたそれぞれのリチウム二次電池を常温(25℃)で4Aおよび4.2Vで充電し、100mAでカット-オフして30分間休止させた。その後、10Aおよび10秒、1Aおよび10秒、そして10Aおよび4秒でそれぞれ放電後、18秒地点および23秒地点それぞれでの電流および電圧を測定して、ΔR=ΔV/ΔI式によって初期抵抗(18秒地点での抵抗と23秒地点での抵抗の差)を計算して下記表3に示した。
実施例1~3および比較例1によって製造されたリチウム二次電池を60℃で充電状態(SOC、state of charge=100%)で30日間放置して、高温(60℃)放置時内部抵抗増加率を評価してその結果を下記表4に示した。
抵抗増加率(%)=[(30日放置した後のDC-IR-初期DC-IR)/初期DC-IR]×100
112:負極
113:セパレータ
114:正極
120:電池容器
140:封入部材
Claims (9)
- 非水性有機溶媒、リチウム塩、および添加剤を含み、
前記添加剤は下記化学式1で表される化合物を含む、
リチウム二次電池用電解質:
L1は、単一結合、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~5のアルキレン基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~5のシクロアルキレン基、または置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6~15のアリーレン基であり、
Zは、イソシアネート基(-NCO)、イソチオシアネート基(-NCS)、シアネート基(-OCN)、チオシアネート基(-SCN)、シアノ基(-CN)、またはイソシアノ基(-NC)であり、
R1およびR2は同一であるか互いに異なり、それぞれ独立して水素、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルケニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~10のアルキニル基、置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、またはハロゲン化物基である。 - 前記Lは単一結合、または置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1~3のアルキレン基であり、
前記Zはイソシアネート基(-NCO)またはイソチオシアネート基(-NCS)であり、
前記R1およびR2は互いに同一であるか異なるハロゲン化物基である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。 - 前記Lは単一結合であり、
前記Zはイソシアネート基(-NCO)またはイソチオシアネート基(-NCS)であり、
前記R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して-Fである、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。 - 前記添加剤は電解質総重量に対して0.05重量%~5重量%含まれる、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 前記添加剤は電解質総重量に対して0.1重量%~3重量%含まれる、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用電解質。
- 正極活物質を含む正極;
負極活物質を含む負極;および
請求項1~6のうちのいずれか一項によるリチウム二次電池用電解質を含む、リチウム二次電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、リチウムニッケル酸化物、リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン酸化物、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸化物、リチウムニッケルリン酸化物およびこれらの組み合わせから選択されるリチウムニッケル系遷移金属酸化物を含む、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池。
- 前記負極活物質は、Si系負極活物質またはSn系負極活物質を含む、請求項7に記載のリチウム二次電池。
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