JP2022540686A - 車両用圧縮点火エンジンと電気加熱可能要素を備える排ガス制御装置とを備えるシステム - Google Patents
車両用圧縮点火エンジンと電気加熱可能要素を備える排ガス制御装置とを備えるシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2022540686A JP2022540686A JP2022502817A JP2022502817A JP2022540686A JP 2022540686 A JP2022540686 A JP 2022540686A JP 2022502817 A JP2022502817 A JP 2022502817A JP 2022502817 A JP2022502817 A JP 2022502817A JP 2022540686 A JP2022540686 A JP 2022540686A
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
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Abstract
Description
(i)ポスト噴射は、メイン燃料噴射を燃焼させるプロセスがまだ進行中である間、メイン噴射事象の直後に生じ、シリンダ内の燃焼を意図するものであり、
(ii)アフタ噴射は、燃焼プロセスが完了したかなり後に生じ、シリンダ内の燃焼を意図しない。
(1) 4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H2O、
(2) 4NH3+2NO2+O2→3N2+6H2O、及び
(3) NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3/2H2O(好適な、いわゆる「高速SCR反応」)。
a.エンジンの1つ以上のシリンダ内に炭化水素をポスト噴射して、キーオン/コールドスタートの直後に第1のハニカム基材の温度を上昇させる工程と、
b.低温以下の温度で、工程aからの排気ガスストリーム中の未燃焼炭化水素を第1のハニカム基材の炭化水素吸着剤成分に吸着させ、同時に、排気ガスストリーム中の一酸化窒素(NO)を、第1のハニカム基材の下流に配置された触媒化された第2のハニカム基材上で二酸化窒素(NO2)に酸化させる工程であって、触媒化された第2のハニカム基材が、白金を含む実質的にロジウム非含有の白金族金属(PGM)を含む、酸化する工程と、
c.低温超の温度で、第1のハニカム基材の炭化水素吸着剤成分から炭化水素を熱的に脱離させる工程と、
d.第1のハニカム基材の下流に配置された電気加熱可能要素を加熱して、電気加熱可能要素の下流に配置された触媒化された第2のハニカム基材を、触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の未燃焼炭化水素の酸化ライトオフ温度(T50)以上の温度に加熱する工程と、
e.脱離させた未燃焼炭化水素を、触媒化された第2のハニカム基材上で触媒的に変換する工程と、を含む。
本明細書で使用される用語「混合酸化物」は、概ね、当該技術分野において従来知られているように、単相にての酸化物の混合物を指す。本明細書で使用される用語「複合酸化物」は、概ね、当該技術分野において従来知られているように、2つ以上の相を有する酸化物の組成物を指す。
(i)1つ以上のエンジンシリンダと、1つ以上のエンジンシリンダのための1つ以上の電子制御式燃料噴射器と、を備える、車両用圧縮点火エンジンと、
(ii)エンジンのための排気ラインであって、
炭化水素吸着剤成分を含む第1のハニカム基材を備える第1の排ガス制御装置と、
電気加熱可能な要素と、白金を含む実質的にロジウム非含有の白金族金属(PGM)を含む触媒化された第2のハニカム基材と、を備える、第2の排ガス制御装置と、を備え、電気加熱可能な要素が、触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の上流に配置されている、エンジン用排気ラインと、
(iii)エンジン制御ユニットであって、使用時に、電気加熱可能要素の加熱活性化状態、及びシステムを備える車両のキーオン/コールドスタートに続いて少なくとも第1の排ガス制御装置の温度を上昇させるための1つ以上の電子制御式燃料噴射器の噴射タイミング戦略、の両方を制御するように予めプログラムされた中央処理ユニットを備える、エンジン制御ユニットと、を備える、システム。
a.エンジンの1つ以上のシリンダ内に炭化水素をポスト噴射して、キーオン/コールドスタートの直後に第1のハニカム基材の温度を上昇させる工程と、
b.低温以下の温度で、工程aからの排気ガスストリーム中の未燃焼炭化水素を第1のハニカム基材の炭化水素吸着剤成分に吸着させ、同時に、排気ガスストリーム中の一酸化窒素(NO)を、第1のハニカム基材の下流に配置された触媒化された第2のハニカム基材上で二酸化窒素(NO2)に酸化させる工程であって、触媒化された第2のハニカム基材が、白金を含む実質的にロジウム非含有の白金族金属(PGM)を含む、酸化する工程と、
c.低温超の温度で、第1のハニカム基材の炭化水素吸着剤成分から炭化水素を熱的に脱離させる工程と、
d.第1のハニカム基材の下流に配置された電気加熱可能要素を加熱して、電気加熱可能要素の下流に配置された触媒化された第2のハニカム基材を、触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の未燃焼炭化水素の酸化ライトオフ温度(T50)以上の温度に加熱する工程と、
e.脱離させた未燃焼炭化水素を、触媒化された第2のハニカム基材上で触媒的に変換する工程と、を含む、方法。
Claims (15)
- システムであって、
(i)1つ以上のエンジンシリンダと、前記1つ以上のエンジンシリンダのための1つ以上の電子制御式燃料噴射器と、を備える、車両用圧縮点火エンジンと、
(ii)前記エンジンのための排気ラインであって、
炭化水素吸着剤成分を含む第1のハニカム基材を備える、第1の排ガス制御装置と、
電気加熱可能要素と、白金を含むロジウム非含有白金族金属(platinum group metal、PGM)を含む触媒化された第2のハニカム基材と、を備える第2の排ガス制御装置であって、前記電気加熱可能要素が、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の上流に配置され、前記電気加熱可能要素及び前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の両方が、前記第1のハニカム基材の下流に配置されている、第2の排ガス制御装置と、
前記第2の排ガス制御装置の下流に配置されたアンモニア選択的接触還元触媒を備える第3のハニカム基材である、第3の排ガス制御装置と、
前記電気加熱可能要素の上流及び/又は前記第1のハニカム基材の上流、かつ前記電気加熱可能要素と前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材との間に位置付けられた、1つ以上の温度センサと、を備える、排気ラインと、
(iii)エンジン制御ユニットであって、使用時に、前記電気加熱可能要素の加熱活性化状態、及び前記システムを備える車両のキーオン/コールドスタートに続いて少なくとも前記第1の排ガス制御装置の温度を上昇させるための前記1つ以上の電子制御式燃料噴射器の噴射タイミング戦略、の両方を制御するように予めプログラムされた中央処理ユニットを備え、前記1つ以上の温度センサが、前記システムのフィードバック制御のために、前記エンジン制御ユニットに電気的に接続されている、エンジン制御ユニットと、を備える、システム。 - 前記第1のハニカム基材が、1種以上のロジウム非含有PGM、好ましくは白金及びパラジウムの両方を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1のハニカム基材の白金とパラジウムとの重量比が、4:1>1:1である、請求項2に記載のシステム。
- 前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材が、白金及びパラジウムの両方を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の白金とパラジウムとの重量比が、1:0>3:2であり、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材中に存在する白金とパラジウムとの前記重量比が、前記第1のハニカム基材のものよりも大きい、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材が、第1の上流のゾーンと、第2の下流のゾーンと、を備え、前記第1の上流のゾーンが、1:0>2:1の重量比で白金及びパラジウムの両方を含み、前記第2の下流のゾーンが、白金を含む、請求項4又は5に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1のハニカム基材の単位体積当たりの総PGM充填量が、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の単位体積当たりの総PGM充填量よりも少ない、請求項2~6のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1のハニカム基材の単位体積当たりの総PGM充填量が、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の単位体積当たりの総PGM充填量よりも多い、請求項2~6のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記電気加熱可能要素が、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材と同じ、又は前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の前記第1の上流のゾーンと同じ、PGM組成物を含む、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 窒素還元剤及び/又はその前駆体の供給源と、窒素還元剤及び/又はそれのための前駆体を、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の下流及び前記第3のハニカム基材の上流の前記排気ラインを流れる排気ガス中に噴射するための噴射器と、を備え、前記窒素還元剤又はその前駆体の適用量が、前記予めプログラムされた中央処理ユニットによって制御される、先行請求項のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- キーオン/コールドスタートに続いて車両用圧縮点火エンジンから排出された未燃焼炭化水素及び窒素酸化物(NOx)を含有する排気ガスストリームを処理するための方法であって、
a.前記エンジンの1つ以上のシリンダ内に炭化水素をポスト噴射して、キーオン/コールドスタートの直後に前記第1のハニカム基材の温度を上昇させる工程と、
b.低温以下の温度で、工程aからの前記排気ガスストリーム中の未燃焼炭化水素を第1のハニカム基材の炭化水素吸着剤成分に吸着させ、同時に、前記排気ガスストリーム中の一酸化窒素(NO)を、前記第1のハニカム基材の下流に配置された触媒化された第2のハニカム基材上で二酸化窒素(NO2)に酸化させる工程であって、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材が、白金を含むロジウム非含有白金族金属(PGM)を含む、工程と、
c.前記低温超の温度で、前記第1のハニカム基材の前記炭化水素吸着剤成分から炭化水素を熱的に脱離させる工程と、
d.前記第1のハニカム基材の下流に配置された電気加熱可能要素を加熱して、前記電気加熱可能要素の下流に配置された前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材を、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の前記未燃焼炭化水素の酸化ライトオフ温度(T50)以上の温度に加熱する工程と、
e.前記脱離させた未燃焼炭化水素を、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材上で触媒的に変換する工程と、
f.窒素還元剤及び/又はそれのための前駆体を前記第2の触媒化されたハニカム基材の下流の前記排気ガスストリームに導入し、アンモニアを含有する前記排気ガスストリーム中のNOxを、アンモニア選択的接触還元触媒を備える第3のハニカム基材で変換する工程と、を含む、方法。 - 前記低温が、約200℃~約250の範囲内である、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも前記第1のハニカム基材への入口での排気ガス温度が前記低温未満である期間中、前記電気加熱可能要素が、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材を加熱する、請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 前記エンジンの1つ以上のシリンダに炭化水素をアフタ噴射することによって前記排気ガス中に導入された前記排気ガス中の炭化水素を、前記第1のハニカム基材の1種以上のロジウム非含有PGM上で燃焼させて、前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の、及び/又は前記触媒化された第2のハニカム基材の下流の任意の排ガス制御装置の温度を上昇させる工程を更に含む、請求項11、12、又は13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記エンジンの1つ以上のシリンダに炭化水素をアフタ噴射することによって前記排気ガスに導入された前記排気ガス中の炭化水素を燃焼させる前記工程が、工程dの完了後に行われる、請求項14に記載の方法。
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