JP2021524742A - 内胚葉細胞から肝臓系統の細胞集団を作り出すためのプロセス、及び、それを含む細胞組成物 - Google Patents
内胚葉細胞から肝臓系統の細胞集団を作り出すためのプロセス、及び、それを含む細胞組成物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は、2018年5月25日に出願した米国仮出願第62/676582号の優先権を主張するものであり、その出願の全内容を、本明細書の一部を構成するものとして援用する。
本発明によれば、内胚葉細胞を、有能な肝細胞系統の細胞(例えば、後方前腸細胞、肝前駆細胞、及び/または、肝細胞)に分化させるプロセスを提供する。肝細胞系統の細胞は、肝細胞に分化することができる細胞、または、肝細胞である細胞とし得る。本開示のプロセスは、一部の実施形態では、それらが、大量の肝細胞系統の細胞、及び/または、生物学的にさらに強力な細胞の生産を可能にするので、有利である。
被包化肝組織は、生体適合性架橋ポリマーで少なくとも部分的に被覆した肝臓オルガノイドを、少なくとも1つ(そして、ある実施形態では、複数)含む。本開示との関連で使用する「肝臓オルガノイド」とは、培養した肝細胞、間葉細胞、及び、内皮細胞の混合物のことを指しており、肝細胞は、本明細書に記載したプロセスを使用して取得する。一部の実施形態では、肝臓オルガノイドは、培養した肝細胞、間葉細胞、及び、内皮細胞の混合物を含む。肝臓オルガノイドは、一般的に、球状の形態を有しており、その表面は不規則となり得る。肝臓オルガノイドの相対直径は、約50〜約500μmである。肝臓の細胞コアは、肝細胞、間葉細胞、及び、任意の内皮細胞から構成されており、そして、一部の実施形態では、培養の間に、細胞外マトリックス、肝細胞、間葉細胞、及び、任意の内皮細胞から生産、及び、構築する。肝臓オルガノイドは、細胞を懸濁培養して得ることができる。一部の実施形態では、特に、被包化肝組織の培養/分化の前に、肝細胞、例えば、肝実質細胞、及び/または、胆管上皮細胞などで、肝臓オルガノイドの表面を、少なくとも部分的に被覆する(一部の実施形態では、実質的に被覆する)。別の実施形態では、肝細胞は、細胞コア全体に分散する(しかし、必ずしも均一である必要はない)。被包化肝組織に存在するオルガノイドは、第1の生体適合性架橋ポリマーで、少なくとも部分的に被覆する(一部の実施形態では、実質的に被覆する)。
被包化肝組織を作り出すプロセスでは、まず、肝臓オルガノイド(複数可)を作り出すことが必要であり、次に、この(これらの)肝臓オルガノイドを、第1の生体適合性架橋ポリマーに(少なくとも部分的に)被包すること(さらに任意に、第2の生体適合性架橋ポリマー、及び、さらなる生体適合性架橋ポリマーに被包すること)が必要である。
本明細書に記載した被包化肝組織は、医薬として使用することができる。本明細書に記載した被包化肝組織は、肝臓の生物学的機能の一部を示すので、それを必要とする対象の肝機能を回復または改善するために、インビボまたはエクスビボで使用することができる。肝機能は、例えば、アルブミン、及び、凝固因子(例えば、フィブリノーゲン、プロトロンビン、第V、第VII、第VIII、第IX、第X、第XI、第XIII因子、ならびに、プロテインC、プロテインS、及び、アンチトロンビン)の合成を決定して、評価することができ、一方で、アルブミン、及び/または、凝固因子の合成の増加は、肝機能の回復または改善を示す。肝機能は、国際標準化比、または、INRを測定して、評価することもできる(例えば、INRの減少は、肝機能の回復または改善を示す)。肝機能は、アンモニアから尿素への無毒化を測定して、評価することもできる(例えば、アンモニアレベルの減少、及び/または、尿素レベルの増加は、肝機能の回復または改善を示す)。
本明細書に記載した被包化肝組織は、少なくとも一部の肝機能を保持するために、肝臓による作用物質(候補薬物など)の代謝を決定して、新薬の発見と開発を合理化するインビトロモデルとして使用することができる。本明細書に記載した被包化肝組織は、作用物質が奏する肝毒性の有無を決定するためにも使用することができる。全身循環に投与すると、(疑わしい)治療薬(認可済、または、開発中のもの)の大多数が、何らかの様式で肝臓の細胞によって代謝される。一部の実施形態では、作用物質(推定治療薬剤など)に肝毒性(例えば、薬物誘導性の肝毒性)が存在するのであれば、本明細書に記載した被包化肝組織を、肝毒性を決定するために使用することができる。薬物(認可済、及び、治験中のもの)は、肝損傷の重要な原因である。肝損傷を招くと報告されている薬物、毒素、及び、薬草は、900を超えており、すべての劇症肝不全症例の20〜40%で薬物が主な原因である。特異体質による薬物反応では、その約75%が、肝移植または死に至る。薬物誘導性の肝損傷は、認可薬物が取り下げられる最も一般的な理由である。作用物質(薬物など)の肝毒性プロファイルを早期に決定することは、新薬の発見と開発を合理化する上で役立つ。
肝細胞様細胞(HLC)を、2つの異なるプロトコル:本明細書に記載したプロトコル(プロトコルBと称する)、PCT/CA2017/051404に記載された標準プロトコル(プロトコルAと称する)で得た。そして、HLCを比較した。
iPSC調製(−3〜0日目)。分化を開始する3日前に、TrypLEを使用して、単一細胞継代を実施した。iPSCを、ラミニンでコーティングしたプレートに置き、そして、Essential 8 Flex培地で培養した。この培地に、最初の24時間だけ、Revita Cell(商標)(ThermoFisher Scientific)を補充した。培地は、毎日交換した。
表2.使用する略語。
Claims (86)
- 内胚葉細胞から後方前腸細胞を作り出すプロセスであって、前記プロセスは、前記内胚葉細胞を、インスリンを含まない第1の培養培地と接触させることを含み、かつ、前記内胚葉細胞を前記後方前腸細胞に分化させることを許容する条件下で第1の添加剤セットを含み、前記第1の添加剤セットは、インスリンを含んでおらず、かつ:
●骨形態形成タンパク質(BMP)シグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)シグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●Wntシグナル伝達経路の阻害因子;及び
●形質転換成長因子β(TGFβ)シグナル伝達経路の阻害因子、を含む、または、本質的にそれらからなる、前記プロセス。 - 前記後方前腸細胞から肝前駆細胞を作り出すこと、及び、肝前駆細胞から肝細胞様細胞を作り出すことをさらに含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1の培養培地は、血清を含む、請求項1または2に記載のプロセス。
- 前記BMPシグナル伝達経路の前記活性化因子が、BMP受容体アゴニストである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記BMP受容体アゴニストが、BMP4である、請求項4に記載のプロセス。
- 前記FGFシグナル伝達経路の前記活性化因子が、FGF受容体アゴニストである、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記FGF受容体アゴニストが、塩基性FGFである、請求項6に記載のプロセス。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路の阻害因子は、Porcupineの生物学的活性を阻害することができる、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路の前記阻害因子が、IWP2である、請求項8に記載のプロセス。
- 前記TGFβシグナル伝達経路の前記阻害因子は、ALK4、ALK5、または、ALK7の内の少なくとも1つの生物学的活性を阻害することができる、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記TGFβシグナル伝達経路の前記阻害因子が、A83−01である、請求項10に記載のプロセス。
- 前記内胚葉細胞は、SOX17、GATA4、FOXA2、CXCR4、または、EOMESの内の少なくとも1つを発現する、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記内胚葉細胞は、c−Kitを実質的に発現することができない、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記後方前腸細胞は、SOX2、FOXA1、FOXA2、HNF4a、AFP、または、アルブミンの内の少なくとも1つを発現する、請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載のプロセスによって取得可能である、または、取得した後方前腸細胞の集団。
- 後方前腸細胞から肝前駆細胞を作り出すプロセスであって、前記プロセスは、前記後方前腸細胞を、第2の培養培地と接触させることを含み、前記後方前腸細胞を前記肝前駆細胞に分化させることを許容する条件下で第2の添加剤セットを含み、前記第2の添加剤セットは:
●インスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●骨形態形成タンパク質(BMP)シグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)シグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●肝細胞成長因子(HGF)シグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;及び
●Wntシグナル伝達経路の阻害因子、を含む、または、本質的にそれらからなる、前記プロセス。 - 前記第2の培養培地が、血清を含む、請求項16に記載のプロセス。
- 前記インスリンシグナル伝達経路の前記活性化因子が、インスリン受容体アゴニストである、請求項16または17に記載のプロセス。
- 前記インスリン受容体アゴニストが、インスリンである、請求項18に記載のプロセス。
- 前記BMPシグナル伝達経路の前記活性化因子が、BMP受容体アゴニストである、請求項16〜19のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記BMP受容体アゴニストが、BMP4である、請求項20に記載のプロセス。
- 前記FGFシグナル伝達経路の前記活性化因子が、FGF受容体アゴニストである、請求項16〜21のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記FGF受容体アゴニストが、塩基性FGFである、請求項22に記載のプロセス。
- 前記HGFシグナル伝達の前記活性化因子が、HGF受容体アゴニストである、請求項16〜23のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記HGF受容体アゴニストが、HGFである、請求項24に記載のプロセス。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路の活性化因子は、GSK3の生物学的活性を阻害することができる、請求項16〜25のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路の活性化因子が、CHIR99021である、請求項26に記載のプロセス。
- 前記後方前腸細胞は、SOX2、FOXA1、FOXA2、HNF4a、AFP、または、アルブミンの内の少なくとも1つを発現する、請求項16〜27のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記肝細胞前駆細胞は、α−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、アルブミン(ALB)、サイトケラチン7(CK7)、サイトケラチン19(CK19)、SOX9、PDX1、PROX1、HHEX、HNF4a、または、上皮細胞接着分子(EpCAM)の内の少なくとも1つを発現する、請求項16〜28のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項16〜29のいずれか1項に記載のプロセスによって取得可能である、または、取得した後方前腸細胞の集団。
- 肝前駆細胞から成熟肝細胞様細胞を作り出すためのプロセスであって:
(i)前記肝前駆細胞を、前記肝細胞系統の細胞を取得する条件下で、第3の添加剤セットを含む第3の培養培地と接触させ、前記第3の添加剤セットが:
●インスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●骨形態形成タンパク質(BMP)シグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●線維芽細胞成長因子(FGF)シグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●肝細胞成長因子(HGF)シグナル伝達経路の活性化因子;
●Wntシグナル伝達経路の阻害因子;
●形質転換成長因子β(TGFβ)シグナル伝達経路の阻害因子;
●サイトカイン;及び
●糖質コルチコイド、を含む、または、本質的にそれらからなるものであり;
(ii)前記肝細胞系統の細胞を、未成熟肝細胞様細胞を取得する条件下で、第4の添加剤セットを含む第4の培養培地と接触させ、前記第4の添加剤セットが:
●サイトカイン;及び
●糖質コルチコイド、を含む、または、本質的にそれらからなるものであり;及び
(iii)前記未成熟肝細胞様細胞を、前記成熟肝細胞様細胞を取得する条件下で、第5の添加剤セットを含む第5の培養培地と接触させ、前記第5の添加剤セットが、サイトカインを含んでおらず、かつ、糖質コルチコイドを含む、または、本質的にそれからなる、ことを含む、前記プロセス。 - 前記第4、第5、及び/または、第6の培養培地が、血清を含む、請求項31に記載のプロセス。
- 前記インスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化因子が、インスリン受容体アゴニストである、請求項31または32に記載のプロセス。
- 前記インスリン受容体アゴニストが、インスリンである、請求項33に記載のプロセス。
- 前記BMPシグナル伝達経路の活性化因子が、BMP受容体アゴニストである、請求項31〜34のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記BMP受容体アゴニストが、BMP4である、請求項35に記載のプロセス。
- 前記FGFシグナル伝達経路の活性化因子が、FGF受容体アゴニストである、請求項31〜36のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記FGF受容体アゴニストが、塩基性FGFである、請求項37に記載のプロセス。
- 前記HGFシグナル伝達経路の前記活性化因子が、HGF受容体アゴニストである、請求項31〜38のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記HGF受容体アゴニストが、HGFである、請求項39に記載のプロセス。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路の前記活性化因子は、GSK3の生物学的活性を阻害することができる、請求項31〜40のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記Wntシグナル伝達経路活性化因子の活性化因子が、CHIR99021である、請求項41に記載のプロセス。
- 前記TGFβシグナル伝達経路の前記阻害因子は、ALK4、ALK5、または、ALK7の内の少なくとも1つの生物学的活性を阻害することができる、請求項31〜42のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記TGFβシグナル伝達経路の阻害因子が、A83−01である、請求項43に記載のプロセス。
- 前記サイトカインが、オンコスタチンM(OSM)である、請求項31〜44のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記糖質コルチコイドが、デキサメタゾンである、請求項31〜44のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記肝前駆細胞は、α−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、アルブミン(ALB)、サイトケラチン7(CK7)、サイトケラチン19(CK19)、SOX9、PDX1、PROX1、及び/または、HNF4aの少なくとも1つを発現する、請求項31〜46のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記未成熟肝細胞様細胞、及び/または、成熟肝細胞様細胞は、α−胎児性タンパク質(AFP)、アルブミン(ALB)、ASGR1、HNF4a、または、SOX9の内の少なくとも1つを発現する、請求項31〜47のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記成熟肝細胞様細胞は、検出可能なCyp3A4活性を有しており、検出可能なレベルのアルブミン、及び/または、尿素を発現する、請求項31〜48のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項31〜49のいずれか1項に記載のプロセスによって取得可能である、または、取得した肝細胞様細胞の集団。
- 内胚葉細胞から肝前駆細胞を作り出すためのプロセスであって:
(a)請求項1〜14のいずれか1つのプロセスを実行して、後方前腸細胞を取得する、または、請求項15に記載の後方前腸細胞の集団を提供する;及び
(b)前記後方前腸細胞を、請求項16〜29のいずれか1つのプロセスに供して、前記肝前駆細胞を取得する、ことを含む、または、本質的にそれらからなる、前記プロセス。 - 請求項51に記載のプロセスによって取得可能である、または、取得した肝前駆細胞の集団。
- 肝細胞前駆細胞から肝細胞様細胞を作り出すためのプロセスであって:
(a)請求項16〜29のいずれか1つのプロセスを実行して、肝前駆細胞を取得する、または、請求項30に記載の肝前駆細胞の集団を提供する;及び
(b)前記肝前駆細胞を、請求項31〜49のいずれか1つで定義したプロセスに供して、肝細胞様細胞を取得する、ことを含む、または、本質的にそれらからなる、前記プロセス。 - 請求項53に記載のプロセスによって取得可能である、または、取得した肝細胞様細胞の集団。
- 内胚葉細胞から肝細胞様細胞を作り出すためのプロセスであって:
(a)請求項1〜14のいずれか1つのプロセスを任意に実行して、後方前腸細胞を取得する、または、請求項15に記載の後方前腸細胞の集団を任意に提供する;
(b)前記後方前腸細胞を、請求項16〜29のいずれか1つのプロセスに供して、肝前駆細胞を取得する、または、請求項30に記載の肝前駆細胞の集団を提供する;及び
(c)前記肝前駆細胞を、請求項31〜49のいずれか1つのプロセスに供して、前記肝細胞様細胞を取得する、ことを含む、または、本質的にそれらからなる、前記プロセス。 - 請求項55に記載のプロセスによって取得可能である、または、取得した肝細胞様細胞の集団。
- 被包化肝臓組織を作り出すためのプロセスであって:
(a)請求項54または56に記載の肝細胞様細胞の集団を提供する;
(b)懸濁液において、前記肝細胞様細胞、間葉細胞、及び、任意の内皮細胞を組み合わせ、そして、培養して、(i)肝細胞様細胞、及び/または、胆管上皮細胞で少なくとも部分的に覆われており、かつ、間葉細胞、及び、任意の内皮細胞を含む細胞コア、(ii)球状の形態、及び、(iii)約50〜約500μmの相対直径を含む、少なくとも1つの肝臓オルガノイドを取得する;及び
(c)前記少なくとも1つの肝臓オルガノイドを、第1の生体適合性架橋ポリマーで少なくとも一部を覆う、ことを含む、前記プロセス。 - 前記内胚葉細胞と肝細胞様細胞を、培養前に、1:0.2〜7の比率で組み合わせる、請求項57に記載のプロセス。
- 前記内胚葉細胞と内皮細胞を、培養前に、1:0.2〜1の比率で組み合わせる、請求項57または58に記載のプロセス。
- 前記肝細胞様細胞、内胚葉細胞、及び、内皮細胞の内の少なくとも1つを、幹細胞の分化から得る、請求項57〜59のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記幹細胞が、多能性幹細胞である、請求項60に記載のプロセス。
- 前記内皮細胞が、内皮前駆細胞である、請求項57〜61のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 少なくとも1つの前記肝臓オルガノイドを、前記第1の生体適合性架橋ポリマーで実質的に覆うことを含む、請求項57〜62のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1の生体適合性架橋ポリマーが、ポリ(エチレン)グリコール(PEG)を含む、請求項57〜63のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1の生体適合性架橋ポリマーを、第2の生体適合性架橋ポリマーで少なくとも一部を覆うことをさらに含む、請求項57〜64のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1の生体適合性架橋ポリマーを、前記第2の生体適合性架橋ポリマーで実質的に覆うことを含む、請求項65に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第1の生体適合性架橋ポリマーは、少なくとも一部が生分解性である、請求項57〜66のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2の生体適合性架橋ポリマーは、少なくとも一部が生分解に対して抵抗性である、請求項57〜67のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 前記第2の生体適合性架橋ポリマーが、ポリ(エチレン)グリコール(PEG)を含む、請求項65〜68のいずれか1項に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項57〜69のいずれか1項に記載のプロセスによって取得可能である、または、取得した、被包化肝臓組織。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか1項で定義した第1の添加剤セット。
- 請求項71に記載の第1の添加剤セットを含み、かつ、インスリンシグナル伝達経路の活性化因子を含まない第1の培養培地。
- 内胚葉細胞をさらに含む、請求項72に記載の第1の培養培地。
- 後方前腸細胞をさらに含む、請求項72または73に記載の第1の培養培地。
- 請求項16〜29のいずれか1項で定義した第2の添加剤セット。
- 請求項75で定義した第2の添加剤セットを含む第2の培養培地。
- 後方前腸細胞を含む、請求項76に記載の第2の培養培地。
- 肝前駆細胞をさらに含む、請求項76または77に記載の第2の培養培地。
- 請求項31〜49のいずれか1項で定義した第3の添加剤セット。
- 請求項79で定義した第3の添加剤セットを含む第3の培養培地。
- 請求項31〜49のいずれか1項で定義した第4の添加剤セット。
- 請求項81で定義した第4の添加剤セットを含む第4の培養培地。
- 請求項31〜49のいずれか1項で定義した第5の添加剤セット。
- 請求項83で定義した第5の添加剤セットを含み、かつ、サイトカインを含まない第5の培養培地。
- 後方前腸細胞、肝前駆細胞、または、肝細胞様細胞を作り出すためのキットであって:
●請求項71、75、77、81、または、83のいずれか1項で定義した添加剤セットの少なくとも1つ;及び/または
●請求項72、76、80、82、または、84のいずれか1項で定義した少なくとも1つの培地;及び
●後方前腸細胞、肝前駆細胞、または、肝細胞様細胞を作り出すための説明書を含む、前記キット。 - ●内胚葉細胞、
●後方前腸細胞、及び/または
●肝前駆細胞、をさらに含む、請求項85に記載のキット。
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