JP2021510540A - 修飾細胞の増幅およびその応用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2018年9月28日に提出された米国出願16/146,218、2018年8月23日に提出された米国仮出願62/721,791、2018年6月27日に提出された米国仮出願62/690,892、2018年4月18日に提出された米国仮出願62/659,233、2018年6月19日に提出された米国仮出願62/687,059、2018年5月31日に提出された米国仮出願62/678,836、2018年4月17日に提出された米国仮出願62/659,114、2018年2月6日に提出された米国仮出願62/626,781、2018年1月26日に提出された米国仮出願62/622,601、および2018年1月12日に提出された米国仮出願62/616,609、2018年1月11日に提出された米国仮出願62/616,079の優先権の利益を主張し、そのすべての内容は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
2018年12月18日頃に作成された、ファイルサイズが約949 KBの「Sequence Listing.txt」と題するコンピューターで読み取り可能なテキストファイルには、本出願の配列表が含まれており、そのすべての内容は参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
例示的な実施形態は以下のとおりである。
WBC細胞の細胞表面分子または第2のCARが結合する抗原に由来する試薬の存在下で細胞を培養することを含む、実施形態3−5のいずれか一項に記載の細胞を培養する方法。
第1のCARおよび第2のCARをコードする核酸を細胞に導入すること、ここで、第1のCARの結合ドメインがWBCの細胞表面分子に結合し、かつ第2のCARの結合ドメインがWBCの細胞表面分子と異なる抗原に結合し、および、
WBCの細胞表面分子または第2のCARが結合する抗原に由来する試薬の存在下で細胞を培養することを含む、インビトロでCAR細胞を調製するための方法。
(i)SEQ ID:76または85のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖相補的決定領域1と、SEQ ID:77または86のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖相補的決定領域2と、SEQ ID:78または87のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖相補的決定領域3と、および(ii)SEQ ID:73または82のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖相補的決定領域1と、TRP−ALA−SER(WAS)またはSEQ ID:83のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖相補的決定領域2と、SEQ ID:75または84のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖相補的決定領域3と、を含む、実施形態28に記載の修飾T細胞。
(i)SEQ ID:76のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖相補的決定領域1と、SEQ ID:77のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖相補的決定領域2と、SEQ ID:78のアミノ酸配列を含む重鎖相補的決定領域3と、および(ii)SEQ ID:73のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖相補的決定領域1と、TRP−ALA−SER(WAS)のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖相補的決定領域2と、SEQ ID:75のアミノ酸配列を含む軽鎖相補的決定領域3と、を含む、実施形態28に記載の修飾T細胞。
図1に示すように、CD19 CAR(CAR:配列番号207およびscFv:配列番号6)および腫瘍関連MUC1 CAR(CAR:配列番号202およびscFv:配列番号70)をコードするレンチウイルスベクター(「Chimeric Receptors Containing CD137 Signal Transduction Domains Mediate Enhanced Survival of T Cells and Increased Antileukemic Efficacy In Vivo,」 Molecular Therapy,2009年8月,第17巻第8号,1453-1464を参照し、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる」)を生成した。
T細胞を、デュアルCAR(CD19 CARおよびTA−MUC1 CAR、図8および図9のデュアルCARを参照)をコードするレンチウイルスベクターおよびシングルCAR(TA−MUC1 CAR、図8および図9の5E5 CARを参照)をコードするレンチウイルスベクターでそれぞれトランスフェクションした。2種類のT細胞および異なる単一型または複数型の基底細胞(substrate cell)を共培養し、IFN−γの放出を観察した。基底細胞は、MUC1陽性腫瘍細胞(MCF−7)、MUC1陰性腫瘍細胞(231)およびCD19陽性腫瘍細胞(RK19)を含む。E:T(エフェクター細胞:標的細胞)の比率が1:1/3:1/10:1/30:1(すなわち、CAR−T細胞:標的腫瘍細胞)であるCAR−T細胞と標的腫瘍を24時間共培養した。その後、上清を回収し、IFN−γの放出を測定した。CAR−T細胞および基底細胞を共培養したとき、様々なレベルのIFN−γ放出が観察された(図7を参照)。図8および図9にさらに示すように、デュアルCAR−T細胞は、CD19陽性腫瘍細胞およびMUC1陽性腫瘍細胞との共培養に応答して、IFN−γを放出し、一方、シングルCAR−T細胞は、CD19陽性腫瘍細胞との共培養に応答して、少量のIFN−γを放出した。さらに、CD19陽性腫瘍細胞およびMUC1陽性腫瘍細胞との共培養に応答して、デュアルCAR−T細胞は、シングルCAR−T細胞と比較してより多くのIFN−γを放出した。細胞培養、細胞傷害性Tリンパ球測定の構築に関連する技術は、「Control of large,established tumor xenografts with genetically retargeted human T cells containing CD28 and CD137 domains」,PNAS 2009年3月3日、第106巻第9号、3360−3365に記載されており、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
患者から初代T細胞を得た。得られた初代T細胞を2つのグループに分けた。グループ1の初代T細胞は、抗TSHR CARをコードする核酸配列(SEQ ID:8)を含むレンチウイルスベクターで形質導入した。グループ2の初代T細胞は、TSHRをコードする核酸配列(SEQ ID:20)を含むレンチウイルスベクターで形質導入した。フローサイトメトリーを実施し、分析して、それぞれ初代T細胞におけるCARおよびTSHRの発現を決定した(図8および図9)。細胞培養、レンチウイルスベクターの構築およびフローサイトメトリーに関連する技術は、「Control of large, established tumor xenografts with genetically retargeted human T cells containing CD28 and CD137 domains」,PNAS 2009年3月3日, 第106巻第9号,3360−3365に記載されており、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
グループ1およびグループ2の初代T細胞をマウスに注入した(実験グループ)。対照として、グループ1の初代T細胞のみまたは緩衝液をマウスに注入した(対照グループ1および対照グループ2)。細胞注入に関するいくつかのパラメータを以下の表1に示す。NPGTM(NOD Prkdcscid IL2rgnull)マウスに放射線を照射し、一定数のCAR−T細胞および対応するコントロール剤をマウスに注入した。対照グループ2について、3回連続で緩衝液をマウスに戻した。対照グループ1について、抗原を発現しないT細胞を3回連続で戻した。実験グループについて、抗原を発現するT細胞を3回連続で注入した。注入終了後、輪部静脈から採血し、マウス末梢血中のT細胞および因子放出(例えば、サイトカイン放出)を分析した。その後、マウスを死なせて、各器官のT比率/CAR−T細胞比率/CAR−Tコピーなどのデータを収集した。次に、サイトカイン放出測定を行った。実験グループおよび対照グループについて、マウス末梢血中の様々なサイトカイン(例えば、IFN−γ、IL4、IL2)を測定した。図10−13に示すように、実験グループの方が対照グループよりもサイトカインの放出量が多かった。これらの結果は、抗原を発現する細胞の注入が、対応するCAR−T細胞のT細胞応答を強化することを示している。表2はマウスへのT細胞の注入をまとめて説明したものであり、表3はサイトカイン放出のインビボ分析のスケジュールを示している。
これらの臨床試験は、いくつかの固形腫瘍マーカーの特異的なCAR/4−1BB/CD3−ζを発現するように修飾された自己T細胞を患者に注入することの安全性および治療効果を評価することを目的とする。研究のグループ1(arm)では、患者は固形腫瘍マーカーの特異的なCAR−T細胞のみを受けた。固形腫瘍マーカーはTSHRおよびtMuc1を含む。グループ2では、患者はCD19およびtMuc1に向けられたCAR−T細胞を受けた。患者のT細胞を取得し、修飾して、患者に注入した。グループ1およびグループ2からの患者のT細胞応答を測定し、試験が実施された病院によって承認された以下の手段を用いて比較した。すべての患者には書面によるインフォームドコンセントが与えられた。
様々な遺伝子特異的ZFNを構築することによって、これらの遺伝子に突然変異を部位特異的に導入できるようにする。基本的には、Malaら(2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 335(2):447−57,Liuら(2002) J Bio Chem 277(6):3850−6,Sanderら(2011) Nat Methods. 8(1):67−9,Urnovら(2005) Nature 435(7042):646−651および米国特許公開2008/0131962に記載しているように、様々なZFNを設計して、プラスミドベクターに組み込まれた。ZFNは、表6および表7に記載された、ジンクフィンガー結合ドメイン(例えば、ZFN左結合ドメインおよびZFN右結合ドメイン)の様々な組み合わせを含んでいた。ZFNの開裂ドメインは、工学的に設計されたFokI開裂ドメイン(配列番号280、281または282)を含んでいた。
ZFN左腕プラスミドベクターおよびZFN右腕プラスミドベクターを、それぞれfugeneトランスフェクト試薬を用いてHela細胞にトランスフェクトした。24時間のトランスフェクト後、1μg/mlのピューロマイシンでHela細胞を48時間処理し、ZFNを豊富に含む細胞を得た。次に、Hela細胞を収集し、様々な遺伝子(すなわち、CTLA4、LAG3、BTLA、TIM3、FOXP3、SIVA1、または LGALS9)と特異的なプライマーおよびテンプレートとしてのHela細胞ゲノムを使用して、ZFNを含む溶解したDNAフラグメントをPCRで増幅した。フォワードプライマーを使用してDNAフラグメントを配列決定し、その結果を図21−25に示す。
様々な遺伝子特異的ZFNを構築することによって、これらの遺伝子に突然変異を部位特異的に導入できるようにする。基本的には、Malaら(2005) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 335(2):447−57、Liuら(2002) J Bio Chem 277(6):3850−6、Sanderら(2011) Nat Methods.8(1):67−9,Handelら(2009) Mol Ther.Jan;17(1):104−11、Urnovら(2005) Nature 435(7042):646−651および米国特許公開2008/0131962に記載しているように、様々なZFNを設計して、プラスミドベクターに組み込まれた。ZFNは、表8に記載された、ジンクフィンガー結合ドメイン(例えば、ZFN左結合ドメインおよびZFN右結合ドメイン)の様々な組み合わせを含んでいた。ZFNの開裂ドメインは、工学的に設計されたFokI開裂ドメイン(配列番号96、97または98)を含んでいた。
ZFN左腕プラスミドベクターおよびZFN右腕プラスミドベクターを、それぞれfugeneトランスフェクト試薬を用いてHela細胞にトランスフェクトした。24時間のトランスフェクト後、1 μg/mlのピューロマイシンでHela細胞を48時間処理し、ZFNを豊富に含む細胞を得た。次に、Hela細胞を収集し、様々な遺伝子(すなわち、B2MおよびCIITA)と特異的なプライマーおよびテンプレートとしてのHela細胞ゲノムを使用して、ZFNを含む溶解したDNAフラグメントをPCRで増幅した。フォワードプライマーを使用してDNAフラグメントを配列決定し、その結果を図27−30に示す。
T細胞は、TRAC遺伝子での部位特異的変異導入を可能にするように構築されたTRAC特異的ZFNで導入された。基本的には、Urnovら(2005) Nature 435(7042):646−651,Lombardoら(2007) Nat Biotechnol.November;25(11):1298−306および米国特許公開2008/0131962に記載しているように、様々なZFNを設計して、プラスミドベクターに組み込まれた。ZFNは、表9に記載された、ジンクフィンガー結合ドメイン(例えば、ZFN左結合ドメインおよびZFN右結合ドメイン)の様々な組み合わせを含んでいた。ZFNの開裂ドメインは、FokI開裂ドメイン(配列番号96、97または98)を含んでいた。1対のZFNをコードするmRNA(表9を参照)を形質導入細胞に導入し、TCR鎖に関連する標的ゲノム遺伝子座を修飾した。
CIITAのTALENは、エクソン2(2L1:gctgaccccctgtgcct(配列番号426);2L2:gaccccctgtgcctct(配列番号427);2R1:ctccagccaggtccatct(配列番号419);2R2:tctccagccaggtccat(配列番号420))およびエクソン3(3L1:tcagcaggctgttgt(配列番号421);3L2:tcagcaggctgttgtgt(配列番号422);3R1:ccctggtctcttcat(配列番号423);3R2:aagcctccctggtctt(配列番号424);3R3:aagcctccctggtct(配列番号425))を標的とするように設計された。前述したように、FastTALE TALENアセンブリキット(Sidansai)でTALENを構築し、それらの活性は293T細胞で確認された。構築されたTALENを293T細胞にトランスフェクトし、2μg/mlのピューロマイシン(Sigma)で選択した。選択後に293T細胞のゲノムDNAを採取した。次に、TALENの効率をチェックするために、PCRおよび配列決定を行った。
fugeneトランスフェクト試薬を使用し、Cas9およびgRNAを発現するプラスミドを293T細胞に同時トランスフェクトした。72時間後、293T細胞を収集し、フローサイトメトリーによりB2mおよびHLAタンパク質の発現を検出した(図31)。
8匹のNPG雌マウスを使用し、それらは6週齢であった。0日目に、各マウスに350w MCF−7細胞を接種し、同所性腫瘍モデルを確立した。35日目に、表11に示すように、各マウスに対応する細胞を注入した。
17匹のNPG雌マウスを使用し、それらは8週齢であった。動物が到着した後、それらを滅菌し、動物室に移した。実験動物を7日間順応させた。順応期間中、ケージ内の動物を毎日観察した。順応期間終了後、実験モデル化の前日に動物に放射線を照射した。照射量は1Gyであった。
Claims (19)
- 固形腫瘍抗原に結合するキメラ抗原受容体(CAR)をコードし、かつB細胞抗原に結合するCARをコードする複数の核酸を含む、修飾細胞。
- 前記固形腫瘍抗原がtMUC 1、PRLR、CLCA1、MUC12、GUCY2C、GPR35、CR1L、MUC17、TMPRSS11B、MUC21、TMPRSS11E、CD207、SLC30A8、CFC1、SLC12A3、SSTR1、GPR27、FZD10、TSHR、SIGLEC15、SLC6A3、KISS1R、QRFPR、GPR119、CLDN6、UPK2、ADAM12、SLC45A3、ACPP、MUC21、MUC16、MS4A12、ALPP、CEA、EphA2、FAP、GPC3、IL13−Rα2、メソセリン、PSMA、ROR1、VEGFR−II、GD2、FR−α、ErbB2、EpCAM、EGFRvIII、またはEGFRであり、かつ前記B細胞抗原がCD19、CD20、CD22、またはBCMAである、請求項1に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記B細胞抗原がCD19を含む、請求項1に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記固形腫瘍抗原が腫瘍関連MUC1を含む、請求項3に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記B細胞抗原に結合する前記CARの結合ドメインが配列番号5または6のアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ前記固形腫瘍抗原に結合する前記CARの結合ドメインが配列番号70のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項4に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記B細胞抗原に結合する前記CARが配列番号207のアミノ酸配列を含み、かつ前記固形腫瘍抗原に結合する前記CARが配列番号202のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項4に記載の細胞。
- 前記B細胞抗原に結合する前記CARが抗原結合ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、細胞質ドメインを含み、かつ前記固形腫瘍抗原に結合する前記CARが抗原結合ドメイン、膜貫通ドメイン、及び細胞内ドメインを含む、請求項4に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記細胞質ドメインが共刺激ドメインもしくはCD3ζドメイン、またはそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項7に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記修飾細胞によるT細胞の増幅が、前記B細胞抗原に結合する前記CARの非存在下で、前記固形腫瘍抗原に結合する前記CARを有するT細胞を投与することによって得られるT細胞の増幅よりも大きい、請求項3に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記T細胞の増幅が、前記T細胞のゲノムDNAにおけるCAR分子のコピー数の増加に基づいて測定される、請求項9に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記核酸の少なくとも1つが配列番号201の核酸配列を含む、請求項3に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記B細胞抗原がCD19、CD20、CD22、又はBCMAを含む、請求項1に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記固形腫瘍抗原がB7、CAIX、CD123、CD133、CD171、CD171/L1−CAM、CEA、Claudin 18.2、cMet、CS1、CSPG4、Dectin1、EGFR、EGFR vIII、EphA2、ERBB受容体、ErbB T4、ERBB2、FAP、葉酸受容体1、FITC、葉酸受容体1、FSH、GD2、GPC3、HA−1 H/HLA− A2、HER2、IL−11Ra、IL13受容体a2、IL13R、IL13Rα2(zetakine)、Kappa、白血病、LewisY、メソセリン、MUC1、NKG2D、NY−ESO−1、PSMA、ROR−1、TRAIL−受容体1、又はVEGFR2を含む、請求項1に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記B細胞抗原に結合する前記CARが配列番号203、207、216、または219のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記固形腫瘍抗原に結合する前記CARが配列番号202または205のアミノ酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の修飾細胞。
- 前記核酸の少なくとも1つが配列番号201、204、206、208、215、217、218、または220の核酸配列を含む、請求項1に記載の修飾細胞。
- 請求項1〜16のいずれか1項に記載の修飾細胞集団を含む、医薬組成物。
- 請求項17に記載の組成物の有効量を前記被検者に投与することを含む、必要とする被検者におけるT細胞応答を促進する方法および/または前記被検者の腫瘍を治療する方法。
- 請求項17に記載の組成物の有効量を前記被検者に投与することを含み、前記被検者は、前記B細胞抗原に結合する前記CARを持たない前記CAR−T細胞の有効量が投与された被検者と比較して、より高いレベルのT細胞増幅を有する、必要とする被検者におけるT細胞増幅を強化する方法。
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RU2688692C2 (ru) | 2015-03-02 | 2019-05-22 | Инновейтив Целлюлар Терапевтикс КО., ЛТД. | Фармацевтическая композиция, обладающая противоопухолевым эффектом, и способ снижения ингибирующего эффекта pd-l1 на т-клетки человека |
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US20210060069A1 (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-03-04 | Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Holdings, Ltd. | Coupled redirected cells and uses thereof |
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EP3586852B8 (en) | 2021-04-28 |
CN112088008B (zh) | 2024-01-02 |
CA3088161A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
EP3544618A4 (en) | 2020-02-12 |
EP3544618A1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
CN112088008A (zh) | 2020-12-15 |
EP3586852A1 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
US20220265708A1 (en) | 2022-08-25 |
EP3586852B1 (en) | 2021-03-31 |
WO2019140100A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
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