JP2018517780A - 軟髄膜癌腫症の治療方法 - Google Patents
軟髄膜癌腫症の治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018517780A JP2018517780A JP2018517668A JP2018517668A JP2018517780A JP 2018517780 A JP2018517780 A JP 2018517780A JP 2018517668 A JP2018517668 A JP 2018517668A JP 2018517668 A JP2018517668 A JP 2018517668A JP 2018517780 A JP2018517780 A JP 2018517780A
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Abstract
【選択図】なし
Description
本明細書中で用いる「投与」なる語は、組成物(例えば、本明細書に記載されている化合物、コンジュゲート、または化合物もしくはコンジュゲートを含む製剤)を対象または系に投与することを意味する。動物対象(例えば、ヒト)への投与は任意の適当な経路によるものでありうる。例えば、幾つかの実施形態においては、投与は、気管支(気管支点滴を含む)、頬側、腸内、皮内、動脈内、皮内、胃内、髄内、筋肉内、鼻腔内、腹腔内、クモ膜下腔内、静脈内、脳室内、粘膜、鼻腔内、経口、直腸、皮下、舌下、局所、気管内(気管内点滴を含む)、経皮、膣および硝子体へのものでありうる。
本発明者らは、ペプチド-薬物コンジュゲート(例えば、ANG1005)の投与が対象における軟髄膜癌腫症(LC)を治療しうることを本発明において見出した。LCは一般に不治だとみなされているため、LCを治療しうる治療方法および治療レジメンが必要とされている。
本発明の方法は、LCを有する対象の治療を含む。LC(軟髄膜転移または軟髄膜疾患としても公知)は癌の稀な合併症であり、該疾患は、脳および脊髄を包囲する膜(髄膜)へと広がる。LCは癌患者の約5%で発生し、通常は末期である。治療されないで放置された場合には生存期間の中央値は4〜6週間であり、治療された場合には生存期間の中央値は2〜3カ月である。LCは、身体の他の部位における癌の再発と頻繁に関連しているが、癌の任意の段階で主徴候として又は末期合併症として発生しうる。
軟髄膜癌腫症は一般に不治とみなされており、治療が困難である。治療目標は一般には、患者の神経状態の改善または安定化、生存期間の延長および緩和を含む。ほとんどの患者は手術、放射線および化学療法の組合せを要する。標準的な療法は、大きな病巣をイメージングが示している症候性部位および領域に対する放射線療法、ならびに髄腔内(クモ膜下腔内)化学療法(例えば、メトトレキサート、シタラビン、チオテパ)を含む。放射線は局所症状を緩和し、CSF流閉塞を軽減し、神経根スリーブ、フィルヒョー-ロバン腔のような領域、および化学療法が到達しない大きな病変の内部を治療する。髄腔内化学療法は無症候性軟髄膜沈着物およびCSF中に浮遊している腫瘍細胞を治療して、更なる播種を防ぐ。患者に対する支持療法はオピオイドでの鎮痛、てんかん発作のための抗痙攣薬、抗うつ薬および抗不安薬を含む。全脳放射線による注意障害および傾眠は精神刺激薬またはモダフィニルで治療されうる。
本発明の方法で治療される患者は、薬剤耐性または難治性である癌および/またはLCを有しうる。本発明のコンジュゲートは、標準的な化学療法剤に対する耐性を示している癌においてさえも活性を有するため、本発明の方法はそのような薬剤耐性癌および/またはLCの治療に特に有用である。
本発明の方法は、低密度リポタンパク質関連タンパク質(LRP)受容体を発現する細胞を有する癌の治療に特に有用でありうる。LRP受容体は細胞の表面上で発現され、アプロチニンを含む種々の基質に結合しうる。本明細書に記載されているポリペプチドは、LRP受容体リガンドとして作用するコンセンサス・クーニッツ(kunitz)ドメイン配列に基づいて設計された(例えば、PCT公開番号WO 2004/060403を参照されたい)。アンジオプレップ-1またはアンジオプレップ-2を含むコンジュゲートの取り込みはLRPリガンドによって抑制され、このことはこの過程におけるLRPの関与を示している。特に、LRPリガンドRAP(200 nM)およびアプロチニン(10μM)はアンジオプレップコンジュゲートの脳取り込みを低減しうる。アンジオプレップ-2(10または100μM)は同様に、細胞内への該コンジュゲートの取り込みを低減しうる。
本発明の方法は第2の治療剤の投与または第2の療法での治療(例えば、当技術分野において標準的である治療剤または療法)を含みうる。典型的な治療剤には以下のものが含まれる:アバレリクス(abarelix)、アルデスロイキン(aldesleukin)、アレムツズマブ(alemtuzumab)、アリトレチノイン(alitretinoin)、アロプリノール(allopurinol)、アルトレタミン(altretamine)、アミフォスチン(amifostine)、アナキンラ(anakinra)、アナストロゾール(anastrozole)、三酸化ヒ素、アスパラギナーゼ、アザシチジン(azacitidine)、生BCG、ベバクジマブ(bevacuzimab)、ベキサロテン(bexarotene)、ブレオマイシン(bleomycin)、ブレオマイシン、ボルテゾンビ(bortezombi)、ボルテゾミブ(bortezomib)、ブスルファン(busulfan)、ブスルファン、カルステロン(calusterone)、カペシタビン(capecitabine)、カルボプラチン(carboplatin)、カルムスチン(carmustine)、セレコキシブ(celecoxib)、セツキシマブ、(cetuximab)、クロラムブシル(chlorambucil)、シスプラチン(cisplatin)、クラドリビン(cladribine)、クロファラビン(clofarabine)、シクロホスファミド(cyclophosphamide)、シタラビン(cytarabine)、ダカルバジン(dacarbazine)、ダクチノマイシン(dactinomycin)、アクチノマイシン(actinomycin)D、ダルテパリン(dalteparin)(例えば、ナトリウム)、ダルベポエチン(darbepoetin)アルファ、ダサチニブ(dasatinib)、ダウノルビシン(daunorubicin)、ダウノマイシン(daunomycin)、デシタビン(decitabine)、デニロイキン(denileukin)、デニロイキンジフチトクス(denileukin diftitox)、デクスラゾキサン(dexrazoxane)、ドセタキセル(docetaxel)、ドキソルビシン(doxorubicin)、ドロモスタノロン(dromostanolone)プロピオナート、エクリズマブ(eculizumab)、エピルビシン(epirubicin)(例えば、HCl)、エポエチン(epoetin)アルファ、エルロチニブ(erlotinib)、エストラムスチン(estramustine)、エトポシド(etoposide)(例えば、ホスファート)、エキセメスタン(exemestane)、フェンタニル(fentanyl)(例えば、シトラート)、フィルグラスチム(filgrastim)、フロクスウリジン(floxuridine)、フルダラビン(fludarabine)、フルオロウラシル(fluorouracil)、5-FU、フルベストラント(fulvestrant)、ゲフィチニブ(gefitinib)、ゲムシタビン(gemcitabine)(例えば、HCl)、ゲムツズマブオゾガマイシン(gemtuzumab ozogamicin)、ゴセレリン(goserelin)(例えば、アセタート)、ヒストレリン(histrelin)(例えば、アセタート)、ヒドロキシ尿素、イブリツモマブチウキセタン(ibritumomab tiuxetan)、イダルビシン(idarubicin)、イホスファミド(ifosfamide)、イマチニブ(imatinib)(例えば、メシラート)、インターフェロンアルファ-2b、イリノテカン(irinotecan)、ラパチニブ(lapatinib)ジトシラート、レナリドミド(lenalidomide)、レトロゾール(letrozole)、ロイコボリン(leucovorin)、ロイプロリド(leuprolide)(例えば、アセタート)、レバミゾール(levamisole)、ロムスチン(lomustine)、CCNU、メクロレタミン(meclorethamine)(ナイトロジェンマスタード)、メゲストロール(megestrol)、メルファラン(melphalan)(L-PAM)、メルカプトプリン(mercaptopurine)(6-MP)、メスナ(mesna)、メトトレキサート(methotrexate)、メトキサレン、(methoxsalen)マイトマイシン(mitomycin)C、ミトタン(mitotane)、ミトキサントロン(mitoxantrone)、ナンドロロン(nandrolone)フェンプロピオナート、ネララビン(nelarabine)、ノフェツモマブ(nofetumomab)、オプレルベキン(oprelvekin)、オキサリプラチン(oxaliplatin)、パクリタキセル(paclitaxel)、パリフェルミン(palifermin)、パミドロナート(pamidronate)、パニツムマブ(panitumumab)、ペガデマーゼ(pegademase)、ペガスパルガーゼ(pegaspargase)、ペグフィルグラスチム(pegfilgrastim)、ペグインターフェロンアルファ-2b、ペメトレキセド(pemetrexed)(例えば、二ナトリウム)、ペントスタチン(pentostatin)、ピポブロマン(pipobroman)、プリカマイシン(plicamycin)(ミトラマイシン(mithramycin))、ポルフィマー(porfimer)(例えば、ナトリウム)、プロカルバジン(procarbazine)、キナクリン(quinacrine)、ラスブリカーゼ(rasburicase)、リツキシマブ(rituximab)、サルグラモスチム(sargramostim)、ソラフェニブ(sorafenib)、ストレプトゾシン(streptozocin)、スニチニブ(sunitinib)(例えば、マレアート)、タルク、タモキシフェン(tamoxifen)、テモゾロミド(temozolomide)、テニポシド(teniposide)(VM-26)、テストラクトン(testolactone)、サリドマイド(thalidomide)、チオグアニン(thioguanine)(6-TG)、チオテパ(thiotepa)、チオテパ、チオテパ、トポテカン(topotecan)(例えば、HCl)、トレミフェン(toremifene)、トシツモマブ(Tositumomab)/I-131(トシツモマブ(tositumomab))、トラスツズマブ(trastuzumab)、トラスツズマブ、トレチノイン(tretinoin)(ATRA)、ウラシルマスタード(uracil mustard)、バルルビシン(valrubicin)、ビンブラスチン(vinblastine)、ビンクリスチン(vincristine)、ビノレルビン(vinorelbine)、ボリノスタット(vorinostat)、ゾレドロナート(zoledronate)およびゾレドロン酸。パクリタキセルの典型的な誘導体は米国特許第6,911,549号(その全内容を参照により本明細書に組み入れることとする)に記載されている。使用されうる他の物質には、抗エストロゲン、例えばタモキシフェン(tamoxifen)(例えば、シトラート)、ラロキシフェン(raloxifene)、トレミフェン(toremifene)およびSCH 57068が含まれる。
本発明の方法は、ペプチド-抗癌剤コンジュゲート、例えば、米国特許出願公開第2006/0182684号および第2006/0189515号、ならびに米国仮特許出願第61/008,880号(2007年12月20日付け出願)に記載されているものの投与を含む。そのようなコンジュゲートは、本明細書に記載されている任意のポリペプチド、LCを治療しうる物質、例えばパクリタキセルまたはパクリタキセル類似体(例えば、本明細書に記載されているもの)およびリンカー(例えば、本明細書に記載されているもの)を含みうる。パクリタキセルコンジュゲートはANG1005によって例示され、これは、N末端におけるエステル結合ならびに10位および15位におけるリシンにより3つのパクリタキセル分子にコンジュゲート化(結合)したアンジオペップ(AngioPep)-2ペプチド(配列番号97)を含む。
本明細書に記載されているポリペプチドまたはその誘導体は抗癌剤(例えば、当技術分野で公知の任意のもの)にコンジュゲート化される。各ポリペプチドは少なくとも1、2、3、4、5、6または7個の該剤にコンジュゲート化されうる。他の実施形態においては、各剤は、それに結合した少なくとも1、2、3、4、5、6、7、10、15、20個またはそれ以上のポリペプチドを有する。本発明のコンジュゲートは対象の特定の細胞型または組織、例えば卵巣、肝臓、肺、腎臓、脾臓または筋肉おける該剤の蓄積を(例えば、取り込みの増強または排除の低減により)促進する能力を有しうる。
本発明において使用されるコンジュゲートは、当技術分野で公知の任意の架橋(コンジュゲート化)試薬またはプロトコル(それらの多くは商業的に入手可能である)を使用することを含みうる。そのようなプロトコルおよび試薬には、アミノ、カルボキシル、スルフヒドリル、カルボニル、カルボヒドラートおよび/またはフェノール基に対して反応性である架橋リンカー(架橋剤)が含まれる。そのようなプロトコルの量、時間および条件は、コンジュゲート化を最適化するために変動可能である。架橋試薬は少なくとも2つの反応性基を含有し、一般にはホモ官能性架橋リンカー(同一反応性基を含有する)およびヘテロ官能性架橋リンカー(非同一反応性基を含有する)に分類される。本発明の架橋リンカーはホモ二官能性および/またはヘテロ二官能性でありうる。更に、架橋リンカーは反応性部分間に「スペーサー」を含むことが可能であり、あるいは架橋リンカーにおける2つの反応性部分は直接連結されうる。結合はエステル結合を含みうる。
本明細書に記載されている任意のコンジュゲートまたは組成物の投与(投与量)は、投与方法、疾患の重症度、癌を治療するのか予防するのか、ならびに治療対象の年齢、体重および健康状態を含む幾つかの要因に左右される。
本明細書に記載されているコンジュゲートまたは該コンジュゲートを含有する組成物の投与は、LCを治療する化合物の濃度をもたらす任意の適当な手段によるものでありうる。コンジュゲートは任意の適当な量の任意の適当な担体物質中のものであることが可能であり、一般に、組成物の全重量に対して1〜95重量%の量で存在する。該組成物は、経口、非経口(例えば、静脈内または筋肉内)、直腸、皮膚、鼻腔内、膣、吸入、皮膚(パッチ)、局所、眼内または頭蓋内投与経路に適した剤形で提供されうる。したがって、該組成物は、例えば、錠剤、カプセル剤、丸剤、散剤、顆粒剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、水剤(溶液)、ゲル剤、例えばヒドロゲル、ペースト剤、軟膏剤、クリーム剤、プラスター、水薬、浸透圧送達装置、坐剤、浣腸剤、注射剤、インプラント、スプレー剤またはエアロゾル剤の形態でありうる。該医薬組成物は、通常の医薬上の慣例に従い製剤化されうる(例えば、Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th edition, 2000, A.R. Gennaro, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins編, Philadelphia、ならびにEncyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Technology, J. SwarbrickおよびJ. C. Boylan編, 1988-1999, Marcel Dekker, New Yorkを参照されたい)。
実施例1.乳癌被験者におけるLCの治療
被験者2は、HER2+/ER-/PgR+浸潤性乳管癌を有すると2012年10月に診断された59歳の女性である。2014年1月に、被験者2は、脳転移を有すると診断され、2014年10月に、脳転移は、軟髄膜癌腫症を伴って再発した。被験者2は、2012年11月から2013年3月までのシトキサン、タキソテールおよびハーセプチン、2013年3月から2013年10月までのハーセプチン、2013年5月の右乳房切除、2014年2月の開頭手術およびSRS、2014年7月の開頭手術ならびに2014年8月のネバチニブおよびカペシタビンを含む幾つかの療法を既に受けていた。
被験者3は、HER2+/ER-/PgR-浸潤性乳管癌を有すると2009年5月に診断された44歳の女性である。2012年3月に、被験者3は、脳転移を有すると診断され、2014年9月に、脳転移が再発した。被験者3は、2009年5月から8月までのアブラキサンおよびラパチニブ、2012年8月から2013年4月までのビノブラスチンおよびトラスツズマブ、2012年9月のWRBT、2013年4月から7月までのTDM1、2014年4月から7月までのカペシタビンおよびラパチニブならびに2014年9月のカペシタビンおよびTDM1を含む幾つかの療法を既に受けていた。
被験者4は、HER2+/ER-/PgR-浸潤性乳管癌を原発部位に有すると2011年10月に診断された58歳の女性である。2012年11月に、被験者4は、脳転移を有すると診断され、2015年3月に、脳転移が軟髄膜癌腫症と共に再発した。被験者4は、2011年10月から11月までのカルボプラチン、2011年11月から2012年11月までのデノスマブ、2011年12月から2012年3月までのパクリタキセル、2012年5月から2012年11月までのWBRT、トランスツズマブならびに2013年4月から2014年12月までのカドサイラを含む幾つかの療法を既に受けていた。
被験者8は、HER2+/ER+/PgR-浸潤性乳管癌を有すると2014年4月に診断された42歳の女性である。2014年12月に、被験者8は、脳転移を有すると診断され、2015年3月に、脳転移が軟髄膜癌腫症と共に再発した。被験者8は、2014年5月から10月までのドセタキセル、2014年5月から12月までのトラスツズマブおよびペルツズマブならびに2015年1月から4月までのカペシタビンおよびラパチニブを含む幾つかの療法を既に受けていた。
ANG1005で治療されたLC被験者の全生存期間を推定するために、カプラン・マイヤー法を用いた。図4に示されているとおり、ANG1005での治療は、積極的な治療の後、過去の生存期間中央値(3〜6カ月)と比較して全生存期間の中央値を増加させると推定された。
全患者が3週間に1回(1サイクル)の静脈内(IV)注入により600 mg/m2の開始用量でANG1005の投与を受ける。毒性が認められたら、投与(量)の減少または遅延が任意の投与サイクルにおいて許容される。注入中、および各注入の完了後の少なくとも1時間、患者をモニターする。
本発明はその特定の実施形態に関して記載されているが、本発明は更なる修飾が可能であると理解され、本出願は、本発明の原理に概ね従う、そして本発明が関連している技術分野における公知の又は一般的な慣例の範囲内であり本明細書に記載の本質的特徴に適用されうる本出願からの逸脱を含む本発明のあらゆる変更、用途または応用を含むと意図される。
Claims (19)
- 構造:
- 軟髄膜癌腫症の原発部位が固形腫瘍である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 固形腫瘍が乳房腫瘍、肺腫瘍、胃腸腫瘍または悪性黒色腫である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 固形腫瘍が乳房腫瘍である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 乳房腫瘍がHER2陽性腫瘍として特定されている、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 乳房腫瘍が三種陰性腫瘍として特定されている、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍が、MDR1を発現する細胞を含む、請求項2〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 該化合物を静脈内投与する、請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 対象が別の抗癌療法を以前に受けていた、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 抗癌療法が化学療法剤を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 化学療法剤がタキサン、白金系薬剤、アントラサイクリン、アントラキノン、アルキル化剤、HER2標的化療法、ビノレルビン、ヌクレオシド類似体、イクサベピロン、エリブリン、シタラビン、ホルモン療法、カペシタビン、ラパチニブ、5-FU、ビンクリスチン、エトポシドまたはメトトレキサートである、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 原発癌および/もしくは軟髄膜癌腫症が、前記の以前に受けた抗癌療法に応答しなかった、ならびに/または前記の以前に受けた抗癌療法での治療の後で再発した、請求項9〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 該方法が追加的な抗癌療法の投与を更に含む、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記の追加的な抗癌療法が放射線療法および/または化学療法剤を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記の追加的な抗癌療法が放射線療法を含む、請求項14の方法。
- 化学療法剤がタキサン、白金系薬剤、アントラサイクリン、アントラキノン、アルキル化剤、HER2標的化療法、ビノレルビン、ヌクレオシド類似体、イクサベピロン、エリブリン、シタラビン、ホルモン療法またはメトトレキサートである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 化学療法剤がメトトレキサート、アルキル化剤、シタラビンまたはHER2標的化療法である、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 該方法が緩和療法の投与を更に含む、請求項1〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 緩和療法が鎮痛剤、抗痙攣剤、抗鬱剤、抗不安剤、精神刺激剤、モダフィニル、緩和的放射線、コルチコステロイド、H1アンタゴニスト、造血増殖因子および/または輸血である、請求項18に記載の方法。
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2016
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- 2016-06-15 CA CA2989400A patent/CA2989400A1/en active Pending
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US10980892B2 (en) | 2021-04-20 |
CN107921143A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
ES2826827T3 (es) | 2021-05-19 |
HK1250475A1 (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
CA2989400A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
EP3307326B9 (en) | 2021-02-24 |
EP3307326A1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
CN107921143B (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
WO2016205367A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
EP3307326B1 (en) | 2020-08-12 |
EP3307326A4 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
US20180161442A1 (en) | 2018-06-14 |
DK3307326T3 (da) | 2020-10-19 |
JP6823055B2 (ja) | 2021-01-27 |
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