JP2018006020A - Outdoor lighting method and outdoor lighting fixture - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve visibility under a dim visual environment, and reduce uncomfortable glare.SOLUTION: In a road lighting fixture 1 configured to illuminate a road 2 with light emission of a light-emitting part 8, the light-emitting part 8 is configured such that a photopic vision luminous quantity (luminance) obtained by measuring the light-emitting part 8 from a predetermined measurement point is a glare suppression photopic vision luminous quantity (luminance) at which in predetermined correlation between uncomfortable glare, a photopic vision luminance and an S/P ratio of a scotopic vision luminance to the photopic vision luminance, the uncomfortable glare is equal to or less than a target value to the S/P ratio of the light-emitting part 8.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an outdoor lighting method and an outdoor lighting fixture.

  A so-called Purkinje phenomenon is known, in which the spectral luminous efficiency of the human eye in a dimmed vision environment is different from the spectral luminous efficiency in a photopic vision environment (bright environment). The twilight vision environment corresponds to a night outdoor environment such as a night street space or a road space. Therefore, conventionally, a technique for improving the visibility in a low vision environment has been proposed by designing the light source of an outdoor lighting fixture that illuminates the outdoors in consideration of the Purkinje phenomenon (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-95998

  By the way, in the outdoor lighting environment, glare mitigation measures are generally taken to reduce “glare” (hereinafter referred to as “unpleasant glare”) that humans feel uncomfortable. As a glare mitigation measure, among photopic brightness and photopic luminosity (hereinafter referred to as “photopic photometry”) of the light emitting surface of outdoor lighting fixtures, the photopic photometry in a specific direction is a predetermined value. There are techniques to limit the following. According to this method, when a person is positioned in a specific direction as viewed from the outdoor lighting equipment, the unfavorable glare is reduced because the photopic amount of light entering the human eye is limited.

However, as described above, the spectral luminous efficiency of the human eye is different from that of the photopic vision environment in the dimmed vision environment, so that the discomfort glare is sufficiently reduced even if the photopic vision measurement light amount is limited to a predetermined value or less. It may not be done.
Further, according to the technique of Patent Document 1, although the visibility of the low vision environment is improved, the discomfort glare of the low vision environment is not improved.

  An object of the present invention is to provide an outdoor lighting method and an outdoor lighting fixture capable of improving visibility and reducing unpleasant glare in a low vision environment.

  The present invention relates to an outdoor lighting method for illuminating the outdoors with a lighting fixture, uncomfortable glare, photopic photometric light obtained by measuring the lighting fixture from a predetermined measurement point, and scotopic luminance and photopic luminance. The S / P ratio, which is the ratio of the luminaire, is obtained in advance, and the photopic photometric light quantity of the luminaire measured at the measurement point is set to be a target for discomfort glare relative to the S / P ratio of the luminaire in the relation. The photopic photometric light quantity is as follows.

  The present invention is characterized in that, in the outdoor illumination method, the relationship is expressed by a function in which the unpleasant glare with respect to the photopic photometric light quantity has a variable S / P ratio.

  The present invention is characterized in that, in the outdoor illumination method, the photopic visual measurement light amount is at least photopic luminance or photopic luminous intensity.

  According to the present invention, in the outdoor lighting method, the relationship is obtained in advance for each of a plurality of adaptation luminances, and based on the relationship according to the adaptation luminance in the installation environment of the illumination fixture among these relationships, the illumination fixture is provided. It is characterized in that a photopic photometric light amount that makes unpleasant glare below a target with respect to the S / P ratio is obtained.

According to the present invention, in the outdoor lighting method, the relationship is obtained in advance for each of an adaptation luminance having a value of 0.05 cd / m ² or more and an adaptation luminance having a value of 0.05 cd / m ² or less. Features.

The present invention is the outdoor lighting method, adaptation luminance values of 0.05~0.5cd / ^{m 2,} and 0.5 cd / ^{m 2} or more, each said relationship about the adaptation luminance value is obtained in advance It is characterized by that.

  The present invention relates to an outdoor illuminator that illuminates the outdoors with light emitted from a light emitting unit, wherein the light emitting unit has a photopic photometric light amount obtained by measuring the light emitting unit from a predetermined measurement point, unpleasant glare, photopic vision Photometric vision that makes discomfort glare less than the target with respect to the S / P ratio of the light emitting unit in a previously determined relationship between the photometric quantity and the S / P ratio that is the ratio of the scotopic luminance and the photopic luminance. It is configured to have a photometric quantity.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to improve visibility and reduce discomfort glare in a low vision environment.

It is a figure showing typically composition of a road lighting fixture concerning an embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the subjective evaluation experiment for calculating | requiring the relationship between unpleasant glare, photopic brightness, and S / P ratio. It is a figure which shows the result obtained by performing a subjective evaluation experiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, a road lighting device will be described as an example of an outdoor lighting device.
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a road lighting device 1 according to the present embodiment.
The road lighting device 1 illuminates an outdoor road surface 2A, and is attached to poles 4 installed at appropriate intervals along the longitudinal direction of the road 2 (in FIG. 1, one road lighting device). Only 1 is shown). When the road 2 is in a tunnel, the road lighting device 1 corresponds to a tunnel lighting device installed on the wall surface or ceiling surface of the tunnel.

  The road lighting device 1 includes a device body 6 and a light emitting unit 8. The light emitting unit 8 emits illumination light that illuminates the road surface 2A, and includes a light emitting element such as an LED as a light source of the illumination light. In addition, the light emitting unit 8 includes an optical element (for example, a lens or a reflecting mirror) that controls the distribution of illumination light. A cover (also referred to as a glove) that covers the light emitting unit 8 is provided on the bottom surface of the instrument body 6 (the surface facing the road surface 2A).

As described above, since the night road space corresponds to a low vision environment, the light emitting unit 8 is optically designed in consideration of the Purkinje phenomenon in order to improve the visibility in the low vision environment.
Specifically, it is known that the S / P ratio of the light emitting part of the road lighting device 1 is related to the visibility of the low vision environment.
Therefore, in the optical design of the road lighting device 1, an S / P ratio (hereinafter referred to as “design S / P ratio”) that can ensure desired visibility at the installation location is determined. An existing appropriate technique can be used to determine the design S / P ratio.
The S / P ratio is a ratio of dark place visual brightness and photopic brightness. This scotopic vision luminance is a value calculated by adding the spectral characteristics of the light emitting unit 8 to the spectral sensitivities of scotopic vision, and the photopic vision luminance is the photopic vision luminance. This is a value calculated by adding the spectral characteristics of the light emitting unit 8 to the spectral visibility. The S / P ratio is also the ratio of the scotopic light flux and the photopic light flux.

  Next, a light source whose S / P ratio is the designed S / P ratio is selected from candidate light sources used for road illumination, and this light source is used in the light emitting unit 8. In addition, as above-mentioned, light emitting elements, such as LED, are used suitably for a light source. Further, when a difference occurs between the S / P ratio of the light emitting unit 8 and the design S / P ratio due to a cover or the like covering the light emitting unit 8, the design S / P is determined in consideration of this difference.

By the way, several methods are known as glare reduction measures for outdoor lighting fixtures.
For example, this is a method of limiting photopic brightness obtained by measuring an instrument light emitting surface from a predetermined measurement point where glare should be suppressed. Further, for example, there are a method of limiting the photopic luminosity of a specific range in a direction opposite to the traveling direction of the vehicle, and a method of limiting photopic illuminance on the vertical plane to the vehicle (for example, JP-A-2015-225737). Issue gazette).

On the other hand, the inventors have obtained the knowledge that the discomfort glare changes according to the S / P ratio even if the light emitting unit 8 has the same photopic brightness in the dimmed vision environment.
Due to this finding, even if glare mitigation measures that limit photopic brightness, photopic luminosity, and photopic illuminance are taken, discomfort glare may not be sufficiently reduced in dimmed vision environments. I understand.
However, this finding indicates that there is a correlation (hereinafter simply referred to as “correlation”) between the three variables of discomfort glare, photopic brightness, and S / P ratio. That is, by using this correlation, when the S / P ratio is the above-described designed S / P ratio, the photopic brightness (hereinafter referred to as glare-suppressed photopic brightness) that can suppress the unpleasant glare below a predetermined target. ) Is required. And the visibility in the installation location of the road lighting device 1 is ensured by optically designing the light emitting unit 8 so that the photopic brightness of the light emitting unit of the road lighting device 1 becomes the glare-suppressed photopic brightness. However, discomfort glare can be sufficiently reduced. This optical design is performed by adjusting the light output of the light emitting unit 8 or adjusting the shape and transmittance of the cover that covers the light emitting unit 8.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a subjective evaluation experiment for obtaining the above-described correlation among unpleasant glare, photopic brightness, and S / P ratio.
The subjective evaluation experiment is performed in a dark room 14 as shown in FIG. This dark room 14 is a room in which the background luminance of the room can be adjusted. In the dark room 14, the subject's U's line of sight is directed in a certain direction A, and the experiment is performed in a state where the eyes are adapted to the adaptation luminance K1 corresponding to the background luminance.
The darkroom 14 is provided with a reference light source 16 that emits reference light 16A and a test light source 18 that emits test light 18A. The reference light 16A and the test light 18A are arranged at a position away from the subject U by a predetermined distance in the fixed direction A, and are symmetric with respect to the fixed direction A (positions where the angle θ formed with the fixed direction A is equal). ing.

The reference light source 16 has a fixed photopic brightness and S / P ratio of the light emitting surface. In this subjective evaluation experiment, the photopic brightness of the light emitting surface of the reference light source 16 is fixed to 3.0 × 10 ⁵ cd / m ² and the S / P ratio is fixed to 2.07.
The test light source 18 is a light source having a variable S / P ratio and capable of changing the photopic brightness of the light emitting surface by dimming while maintaining the S / P ratio constant.

In the subjective evaluation experiment, both the reference light source 16 and the test light source 18 are turned on in a state where the background luminance and the S / P ratio of the test light source 18 are fixed. Then, the subject U adjusts the test light source 18 so that the discomfort glare felt from the test light 18A is approximately the same as the discomfort glare felt from the reference light 16A in a state where the eyes adapt to the adaptation brightness K1 corresponding to the background brightness. Then, the photopic brightness of the test light source 18 is changed. By repeating this work while changing the S / P ratio of the test light source 18, the relationship between unpleasant glare, photopic brightness, and S / P ratio is obtained.
Further, in the subjective ^evaluation, 1 cd / m 2, about 0.1 cd / ^{m 2,} and 0.03cd / ^{m 2} of each of the adaptation luminance K1, discomfort glare, photopic luminance, and the relationship of S / P ratio Is required.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results obtained by conducting a subjective evaluation experiment on 11 subjects U.
In this figure, the vertical axis is the ratio between the photopic brightness of the reference light source 16 and the photopic brightness of the test light source 18 after dimming (hereinafter referred to as “equal glare luminance ratio”), and the horizontal axis is , The S / P ratio of the test light source 18. Note that the S / P ratio of the reference light source 16 used in the subjective evaluation experiment is 2.07, but in the same figure, when the S / P ratio is 2, the equal glare luminance ratio is 1.0. Normalization has been performed.

Here, the photopic brightness of the test light source 18 after dimming is clear in the state where the reference light source 16 and the test light source 18 have different S / P ratios, as is apparent from the subjective evaluation experiment described above. The photopic brightness is equivalent to that of the reference light source 16. That is, the equal glare luminance ratio M is used to make the discomfort glare of the test light source 18 equal to the discomfort glare of the reference light source 16 in the two reference light sources 16 and the test light source 18 having different S / P ratios and photopic brightness. The photopic brightness adjustment amount of the test light source 18 is shown.
In the graph of FIG. 3, this adjustment amount is shown with the S / P ratio as the horizontal axis. Therefore, when the S / P ratio of the test light source 18 is varied, the discomfort glare of the test light source 18 is determined as the reference light source. An adjustment amount of photopic brightness that is equivalent to 16 discomfort glare will be shown.

  Therefore, in the graph of FIG. 3, the discomfort glare of the reference light source 16 is set to the target value of discomfort glare required for the road lighting device 1, and the S / P ratio of the test light source 18 is set to the above-described design S / P ratio. Thus, the above-mentioned glare-suppressed photopic brightness that can suppress unpleasant glare below the target value is specified.

  The relationship between the equal glare luminance ratio and the S / P ratio in FIG. 3 is expressed as follows by approximating the experimental result of the subjective evaluation experiment by polynomial approximation. However, in the following formula, the variable α is the S / P ratio. Since the equal glare luminance ratio M indicates discomfort glare with respect to photopic luminance, the following equation can be said to be a function in which the discomfort glare with respect to photopic luminance is indicated by using the S / P ratio as a variable α.

When the adaptation luminance K1 is 1 cd / m ² The equal glare luminance ratio M = 0.27α ² -1.47α + 2.86

When the adaptation brightness K1 is 0.1 cd / m ² The equal glare brightness ratio M = 0.17α ² -1.08α + 2.46

When the adaptation brightness K1 is 0.03 cd / m ² The equal glare brightness ratio M = −0.13α ² + 0.17α + 1.18

  As described above, the discomfort glare with respect to the photopic brightness is indicated by a function having the S / P ratio as the variable α, so that in the optical design of the light emitting unit 8 of the road lighting device 1, the design S / P ratio is The glare-suppressed photopic brightness that suppresses unpleasant glare below the target value is easily obtained. Of course, in addition to polynomial approximation, an appropriate approximation method can be used to formulate the relationship between the equal glare luminance ratio M and the S / P ratio.

In addition, according to the graph of FIG. 3 and the above function, the following qualitative relationship is shown for the equal glare luminance ratio and the S / P ratio.
That is, the equal glare luminance ratio increases as the S / P ratio decreases. This means that as the S / P ratio of the light source becomes smaller, it is necessary to increase the photopic brightness of the light source in order to maintain the objectionable glare as a target. In other words, when the S / P ratio is reduced, it means that discomfort glare can be suppressed without lowering the photopic brightness of the light source.

  On the other hand, the equal glare luminance ratio decreases as the S / P ratio increases. This means that the higher the S / P ratio of the light source, the lower the photopic brightness of the light source in order to suppress unpleasant glare. In other words, when increasing the S / P ratio, it means that unpleasant glare increases unless the photopic brightness of the light source is lowered.

Next, the optical design of the light emitting unit 8 of the road lighting device 1 based on the correlation shown in FIG. 3 and the above function will be described with a specific example.
As a premise, it is assumed that the measured value of photopic brightness obtained by measuring the light emitting part 8 of the road lighting device 1 from a predetermined measurement point is 3.0 × 10 ⁵ cd / m ^2, which is the same as that of the reference light source 16. . This predetermined measurement point is a point at which unpleasant glare should be suppressed (a point at which a human is likely to feel unpleasant glare with respect to the road lighting device 1 in the positional relationship between the road lighting device 1 and a human). In addition, it is assumed that the adaptation luminance at the installation location is estimated to be 1.0 cd / m ² and the design S / P ratio of the road lighting device 1 is set to 2.75.

Under this assumption, the glare-suppressed photopic brightness is obtained as follows.
That is, according to FIG. 3 and the above function, when the adaptation luminance is 1.0 cd / m ² , the equiglare luminance ratio when the design S / P ratio is 2.75 is about 0.86. It is specified. Therefore, the photopic brightness of the light emitting part of the road lighting device 1 is set to about 0.86 times.
And the light emission part 8 is comprised so that this design S / P ratio and photopic brightness may be implement | achieved.
As a result, the road lighting device 1 can be obtained in which the desired visibility in the low vision environment is maintained and the discomfort glare at the measurement point is suppressed.

By the way, as shown in FIG. 3, the relationship between the equal glare luminance ratio and the S / P ratio has a different tendency depending on the adaptation luminance K1. In particular, there is a difference in the trend when the adaptation luminance K1 is 0.05 cd / m ² .

Specifically, in a dimmed vision environment where the adaptation luminance K1 is 0.05 cd / m ² or more, the change in the equal glare luminance ratio with respect to the change in the S / P ratio becomes large in the region Ra where the S / P ratio is low. I understand that
It can be seen that in the dimmed vision environment where the adaptation brightness K1 is less than 0.05 cd / m ^{2, the} change in the equiglare brightness ratio with respect to the change in the S / P ratio is large in the region Rb where the S / P ratio is high.

Therefore, the relationship between the equal glare luminance ratio and the S / P ratio is obtained in advance for each of the cases where the adaptation luminance K1 is 0.05 cd / m ² or more and less than 0.05 cd / m ² . Of these relationships, by using a relationship corresponding to the adaptation luminance K1 of the installation location of the road luminaire 1, the glare-suppressed photopic luminance corresponding to the adaptation luminance K1 of the installation location is accurately obtained.

Here, in the outdoor lighting, the adaptation luminance K1 is 0.05cd / ^{m 2} or more mesopic environment, for example, crime prevention lighting adaptation luminance K1 is 0.05~0.5cd / ^{m 2,} and pedestrian lighting In addition, road lighting, tunnel lighting, and traffic plaza lighting with adaptation brightness K1 of 0.5 cd / m ² or more are applicable.
Therefore, adaptation luminance K1 is in the case of 0.05cd / ^{m 2} or more, and if adaptation luminance K1 is 0.05~0.5cd / ^{m 2,} adaptation luminance K1 is 0.5 cd / ^{m 2} or more in the case For each, the relationship between the equal glare luminance ratio and the S / P ratio is obtained in advance.
Thereby, for each of the outdoor lighting equipment used for crime prevention lighting and pedestrian lighting, and the outdoor lighting equipment used for road lighting, tunnel lighting, and traffic square lighting, an equal glare luminance ratio (unpleasant glare and bright place) Appropriate glare-suppressed photopic spectrophotometric light can be easily obtained using an appropriate relationship between (luminance) and S / P ratio.

On the other hand, the dimmed vision environment where the adaptation brightness K1 is less than 0.05 cd / m ² corresponds to lighting of a land where a private house or building does not exist, for example, a field is expanded. Therefore, for the outdoor lighting fixture for lighting, the above-described glare-suppressed photopic visual measurement light amount to be used for the outdoor lighting fixture can be easily obtained by using the relationship obtained for the case of less than 0.05 cd / m ^2. be able to.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the road lighting device 1 that illuminates the road by the light emission of the light emitting unit 8, the light emitting unit 8 is a light place obtained by measuring the light emitting unit 8 from a predetermined measurement point. The visual light quantity is the glare-suppressed photopic light quantity. The glare-suppressed photopic visual measurement light amount is the light emitting unit 8 in the correlation obtained in advance of the unpleasant glare, the photopic photometric light amount, and the S / P ratio that is the ratio of the dark place visual luminance to the photopic luminance. This is a suppressed photopic photometric light amount that makes the discomfort glare below the target for the S / P ratio.
Thereby, discomfort glare is sufficiently reduced while maintaining the desired visibility in the low vision environment.

Further, in the present embodiment, the correlation is shown by a function in which the unpleasant glare with respect to the photopic light measurement amount has the S / P ratio as a variable.
With this function, in the optical design of the light emitting unit 8 of the road lighting device 1, the glare-suppressed photopic visual measurement light amount that suppresses the unpleasant glare below the target value with respect to the S / P ratio of the light emitting unit 8 can be easily obtained.

In the present embodiment, the above correlation is obtained in advance for each of the plurality of adaptation luminances, and the light emitting unit 8 is based on the correlation according to the adaptation luminance in the installation environment of the road lighting device 1 among these correlations. Therefore, there is a demand for the above-described glare-suppressed photopic photometric light amount that makes the unpleasant glare below the target for the S / P ratio.
Thereby, according to the adaptation brightness | luminance of the installation location of the road lighting fixture 1, the said appropriate glare suppression photopic visual measurement light quantity is calculated | required.

Further, in the present embodiment, the correlation is obtained in advance for each of the adaptation luminances having a value of 0.05 cd / m ² or more and the adaptation luminances having a value of less than 0.05 cd / m ² .
As a result, the glare-suppressed photopic visual measurement light amount is obtained by appropriately reflecting the above-mentioned correlation characteristic that the tendency is different when the adaptation luminance is 0.05 cd / m ² .

In this embodiment in particular, since the adaptation luminance values of 0.05~0.5cd / ^{m 2,} and the correlation also for each of the adaptation luminance of 0.5 cd / ^{m 2} or more values are obtained in advance, Outdoor lighting equipment used for crime prevention lighting and pedestrian lighting, outdoor lighting equipment used for road lighting, tunnel lighting, and traffic square lighting, and lighting for land where there are no private houses or buildings in the surrounding area Appropriate glare-suppressed photopic photometric light quantity can be easily obtained for each of the outdoor lighting fixtures.

  The above-described embodiment is merely an example of one aspect of the present invention, and can be arbitrarily modified and applied within the scope of the gist of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, other photopic photometric light quantities such as photopic luminous intensity may be used instead of photopic luminance. The photopic light measurement light amount is a measurement value obtained by measuring the light emitting unit 8 of the road lighting device 1 from a predetermined observation position using a light receiving measurement device.

  Further, for example, in the above-described embodiment, the road lighting fixture is exemplified as one aspect of the outdoor lighting fixture, but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the present invention can be applied to any lighting fixtures installed outdoors, such as street lighting, crime prevention lights, guide lights, or lighting fixtures installed outdoors such as parks.

1 road lighting equipment (outdoor lighting equipment)
2 road 2A road surface 4 pole 6 instrument body 8 light emitting part 14 dark room 16 reference light source 16A reference light 18 test light source 18A test light A constant direction K1 adaptation brightness M equal glare brightness ratio U subject

Claims (7)

In the outdoor lighting method of illuminating the outdoors with lighting equipment,
Unpleasant glare, photopic photometric light obtained by measuring the lighting fixture from a predetermined measurement point, and S / P ratio that is a ratio of scotopic luminance and photopic luminance is obtained in advance.
The photopic photometric light quantity of the lighting fixture measured at the measurement point,
The outdoor illumination method according to claim 1, wherein the photometric photometric light amount is set so that unpleasant glare is less than a target with respect to the S / P ratio of the lighting fixture.   The outdoor illumination method according to claim 1, wherein the relationship is indicated by a function in which the unpleasant glare with respect to the photopic photometric light quantity has a variable S / P ratio.   The outdoor lighting method according to claim 1, wherein the photopic visual measurement light amount is at least photopic brightness or photopic luminous intensity. The relationship is determined in advance for each of a plurality of adaptation luminances,
Based on the relationship according to the adaptation brightness in the installation environment of the luminaire among these relationships, the photopic visual measurement light amount that makes the discomfort glare below the target with respect to the S / P ratio of the luminaire is obtained. The outdoor lighting method according to claim 1. The relationship is obtained in advance for each of the adaptive luminance having a value of 0.05 cd / m ² or more and the adaptive luminance having a value of 0.05 cd / m ² or less.
The outdoor lighting method according to claim 4, wherein: 0.05~0.5cd / ^{m 2} values of adaptation luminance, and the relationship for each of the adaptation luminance of 0.5 cd / ^{m 2} or more values are obtained in advance,
The outdoor lighting method according to claim 5, wherein: In the outdoor lighting equipment that illuminates the outdoors by the light emission of the light emitting part,
Photopic photometric light quantity obtained by measuring the light emitting unit from a predetermined measurement point,
Discomfort glare, photopic photometry, and target discomfort glare relative to the S / P ratio of the light emitting unit in a predetermined relationship of S / P ratio, which is the ratio of scotopic luminosity to photopic luminosity An outdoor lighting fixture characterized by the following photopic photometric light quantity:

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