JP2017513913A - 光学活性なpde10阻害剤 - Google Patents
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- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D417/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/433—Thidiazoles
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2014年9月8日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/047,569号および2014年4月28日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/985,381号の利益を米国特許法§119(e)の下、主張する。前述の仮特許出願は、それらの全体が参考として本明細書に援用される。
技術分野
本発明は、PDE阻害剤としての活性を有するエナンチオマー的に純粋な化合物およびそれを含む組成物、ならびにそれを必要とする温血動物へのそのような化合物の投与によって種々の障害を処置する方法を対象とする。特に、本発明は、PDE10阻害剤として有用な(S)−1−(5−(4−クロロ−3,5−ジメトキシフェニル)フラン−2−イル)−2−エトキシ−2−(4−(5−メチル−1,3,4−チアジアゾール−2−イル)フェニル)エタノン(化合物2001)を対象とする。
環状ヌクレオチドホスホジエステラーゼ(PDE)は、酵素の大きなスーパーファミリーに代表されるものである。PDEは、カルボキシル末端近位にある保存された触媒ドメイン、およびしばしばアミノ末端の近傍にある制御ドメインまたはモチーフを有するモジュラー構造を有することが公知である。PDEスーパーファミリーは現在、11のPDEファミリーにサブグループ化される20超の異なる遺伝子を含む(Lugnier, C.、“Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase(PDE)superfamily: a new target for the development of specific therapeutic agents.”、Pharmacol Ther. 2006年3月;109巻(3号):366〜98頁)。
R1は、C1〜6アルキル、C1〜6ハロアルキル、C1〜6アラルキル、アリール、−(CH2)nO(CH2)mCH3または−(CH2)nN(CH3)2であり;
R2は、(i)置換もしくは非置換アリールまたは(ii)置換もしくは非置換ヘテロシクリルであり;
R3は置換または非置換アリールであり;
R4は水素、C1〜6アルキルまたはC1〜6ハロアルキルであり;
nは1、2、3、4、5または6であり;
mは0、1、2、3、4、5または6である)
は、PDE10の公知の強力な阻害剤である。
XはClまたはBrであり、
R1、R2およびR3はそれぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルである)
はPDE10の公知の強力な阻害剤である。
XはClまたはBrである)
はPDE10の公知の強力な阻害剤である。
本発明は、化合物1001、特に化合物2001および3001の純粋なエナンチオマーを対象とする。本発明は、化合物2001の結晶構造物、化合物2001の医薬組成物、化合物2001でPDE10を阻害する方法、ならびに化合物2001の製造において使用されるプロセスおよび特定の個々の中間体も対象とする。
QはSまたはOであり、
XはClまたはBrであり、
R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルである)
の化合物を、以下の一般的スキーム(I)
ボロン酸A1を、活性化反応物A2での該ボロン酸の活性化によってカルボアルデヒドB1へ変換するステップと;
酸触媒作用下、オルトホルメートの適切な供給源を用いてカルボアルデヒドB1をアセタールC1へ変換するステップと;
金属触媒およびシアニド供給源を用いる触媒されたシアノ化によってアセタールC1をニトリルD1へ変換するステップと;
D1を適切な酸で加水分解してカルボン酸E1を得るステップと;
適切な塩基、適切なカップリング試薬およびアミン供給源を用いてカルボン酸E1をアミドF1へ変換するステップと;
構造H1を有するアニオン性カップリング試薬を用いてアミドF1を式(II)の化合物へ変換するステップであって、
ここで、
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり;
R、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルであり;
mは1、2、3または4であり;
pは1、2、3または4である、ステップと;
キラルHPLCにより式(II−a)の化合物を式(II−b)の化合物から分離するステップと;
任意選択で、式(II−a)の化合物を塩へ変換するステップと
を含むプロセスを対象とする。
の化合物を、以下の一般的スキーム(III)
ボロン酸A1を、活性化反応物A2での該ボロン酸の活性化によってカルボアルデヒドB1へ変換するステップと;
酸触媒作用下、オルトホルメートの適切な供給源を用いてカルボアルデヒドB1をアセタールC1−1へ変換するステップと;
金属触媒およびシアニド供給源を用いる触媒されたシアノ化によってアセタールC1−1をニトリルD1−1へ変換するステップと;
D1−1を適切な酸で加水分解してカルボン酸E1−1を得るステップと;
適切な塩基、適切なカップリング試薬およびアミン供給源を用いてカルボン酸E1−1をアミドF1−1へ変換するステップと;
構造H1−1を有するアニオン性カップリング試薬を用いてアミドF1−1を式(III)の化合物へ変換するステップであって、
ここで、
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり;
RはC(1〜6)アルキルであり;
mは1、2、3または4であり;
pは1、2、3または4である、ステップと;
キラルHPLCによって式(III−a)の化合物を式(III−b)の化合物から分離するステップと;
任意選択で、式(III−a)の化合物を塩へ変換するステップと
を含むプロセスを対象とする。
定義
本明細書で具体的に定義されていない用語は、本開示と文脈を考慮して当業者が付与すると予想される意味が与えられるものとする。しかし、本出願全体にわたって使用される場合、反対の指定がない限り、以下の用語は、示された意味を有する。
一実施形態では、PDE10阻害剤は、化合物2001の以下の構造
QはSまたはOであり、
XはClまたはBrであり、
R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルである)
を、以下の一般的スキーム(I)
ボロン酸A1を、活性化反応物A2での該ボロン酸の活性化によってカルボアルデヒドB1へ変換するステップと;
酸触媒作用下、オルトホルメートの適切な供給源を用いてカルボアルデヒドB1をアセタールC1へ変換するステップと;
金属触媒およびシアニド供給源を用いる触媒されたシアノ化によってアセタールC1をニトリルD1へ変換するステップと;
D1を適切な酸で加水分解してカルボン酸E1を得るステップと;
適切な塩基、適切なカップリング試薬およびアミン供給源を用いてカルボン酸E1をアミドF1へ変換するステップと;
構造H1を有するアニオン性カップリング試薬を用いてアミドF1を式(II)の化合物へ変換するステップであって、
ここで、
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり;
R、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルであり;
mは1、2、3または4であり;
pは1、2、3または4である、ステップと;
キラルHPLCにより式(II−a)の化合物を式(II−b)の化合物から分離するステップと;
任意選択で、式(II−a)の化合物を塩へ変換するステップと
を含むプロセスが提供される。
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり、
R、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルであり、
XはClまたはBrであり、
mは1、2、3または4であり、
pは1、2、3または4である)
を、以下の一般的スキーム(II)
Rn−Li(nは1、2、3、4または5である)およびMを含む金属ハロゲン化物から、溶媒溶液中で、リチウムアルキル金属塩基を調製するステップと;
G1およびリチウムアルキル金属塩基から混合金属リチオ化物H1を調製するステップとを含むプロセスが提供される。
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり、
RはC(1〜6)アルキルであり、
XはClまたはBrであり、
mは1、2、3または4であり、
pは1、2、3または4である)
である。
を、以下の一般的スキーム(III)
ボロン酸A1を、活性化反応物A2での該ボロン酸の活性化によってカルボアルデヒドB1へ変換するステップと;
酸触媒作用下、オルトホルメートの適切な供給源を用いてカルボアルデヒドB1をアセタールC1−1へ変換するステップと;
金属触媒およびシアニド供給源を用いる触媒されたシアノ化によってアセタールC1−1をニトリルD1−1へ変換するステップと;
D1−1を適切な酸で加水分解してカルボン酸E1−1を得るステップと;
適切な塩基、適切なカップリング試薬およびアミン供給源を用いてカルボン酸E1−1をアミドF1−1へ変換するステップと;
構造H1−1を有するアニオン性カップリング試薬を用いてアミドF1−1を式(III)の化合物へ変換するステップであって、
ここで、
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり;
RはC(1〜6)アルキルであり;
mは1、2、3または4であり;
pは1、2、3または4である、ステップと;
キラルHPLCにより式(III−a)の化合物を式(III−b)の化合物から分離するステップと;
任意選択で、式(III−a)の化合物を塩へ変換するステップと
を含むプロセスが提供される。
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり、
RはC(1〜6)アルキルであり、
XはClまたはBrであり、
mは1、2、3または4であり、
pは1、2、3または4である)
を、以下の一般的スキーム(IV)
Rn−Li(nは1、2、3、4または5である)およびMを含む金属ハロゲン化物から、溶媒溶液中で、リチウムアルキル金属塩基を調製するステップと;
混合金属リチオ化物H1−1をG1−1およびリチウムアルキル金属塩基から調製するステップとを含むプロセスが提供される。
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり、
R、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルであり、
XはClまたはBrであり、
mは1、2、3または4であり、
pは1、2、3または4である)
から選択される。
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり、
RはC(1〜6)アルキルであり、
XはClまたはBrであり、
mは1、2、3または4であり、
pは1、2、3または4である)
から選択される。
から選択される。
化合物1001のエナンチオマーの分離
エナンチオマー化合物2001の単結晶調製
化合物2001(5mg)を周囲温度で1,4−ジオキサン(10μL)に溶解させ、澄明溶液を得た。次いで溶液を凍結させ、この試料を冷凍庫内に約1日間置き、結晶を生成させた。試料を周囲温度に約12日間維持し、さらなる結晶を生成させた。これらの結晶のいくつかを、1,4−ジオキサン(25μL)中の化合物2001(13mg)の別個の周囲温度溶液に、種晶を加えるために使用することで、すぐに試料全体にわたって結晶の沈殿が生じた。この結晶を、Paratone−N油中で単離し/緩やかに分離した。
エナンチオマー化合物2001のX線粉末回折
0.200×0.200×0.020mmのおよその寸法を有するC29H31ClN2O7S[C25H23ClN2O5S,C4H8O2]の無色の小板状体(platelet)を繊維上にランダムな方向で載せた。予備的な試験およびデータ収集を、共焦点光学系を備えたRigaku Rapid II回折計で、Cu Kα線(λ=1.54178Å)で実施した。精密化を、SHELX2013を使用して実施した。
フレームをHKL3000[8]で積分した。合計29360の反射を集め、そのうち4436はユニークなものであった。ローレンツおよび偏光補正をデータに適用した。線吸収係数はCuKα線について2.315mm−1であった。SCALEPACKを使用した経験的吸収補正を適用した。透過係数は0.519〜0.955の範囲であった。等価反射の強度の平均値を求めた。平均化についての一致係数(agreement factor)は、強度に基づき6.2%であった。
散乱因子は“International Tables for Crystallography”から得た。精密化において使用した4436の反射のうち、Fo2>2σ(Fo2)を有する反射のみ、フィット残差(fit residual)Rの計算において使用した。合計3852の反射を計算において使用した。精密化の最終サイクルは、365の可変パラメーターを含み、それぞれ0.0488および0.1044の非加重および加重一致係数で収束した(最大のパラメーターシフトはその推定標準偏差の<0.01倍であった)。
計算されたXRPDパターンを、PowderCell 2.3および単結晶構造からの原子座標、空間群および単位格子パラメーターを使用してCu線について生成した。単結晶データを低温(約150K、例えば150±10Kまたは150±1K)で収集するので、ピークシフトは、特に大きい回折角で、低温データから計算されたパターンと室温での実験的粉末回折パターンとの間で明白である可能性がある。
ORTEPダイアグラムを、PLATON内のORTEP IIIプログラムを使用して作製した。原子を、50%確率異方性熱楕円体(anisotropic thermal ellipsoid)で表す。キラル中心の評価を、PLATONソフトウェアパッケージで実施した。絶対配置を、分子キラリテイ則の仕様を用いて評価する。充填ダイアグラムおよび追加的な図をMercury3.1可視化パッケージで作製した。
化合物1001のPDE10選択性
PDEアッセイ培地は、(終末濃度)50mMトリス−HCL、pH7.5;8.3mM MgCl2;1.7mM EGTA;0.5mg/mLウシ血清アルブミン;および基質(H−cAMPまたはH−cGMP)からなる。BSAは、Sigmaからの、基本的に脂肪酸を含まない≧96%純粋な凍結乾燥粉末であった(A6003)。100%DMSO中の89μlのアッセイ培地および1μlの化合物1を96ウェルSPAプレートに加え、30℃で1分間インキュベートした。10μlのPDE10を加えてアッセイを開始し、21分間インキュベートした。次いで50μlのSPAビーズを加え、プレートをシールし、振盪し、室温で1時間インキュベートした。次いで、プレートを、Wallac 1450 Microbeta Triluxプレートシンチレーションカウンターでカウントした。PDE10 IC50実験では、基質は125nM H−cGMPであった。選択性実験では、基質は、PDE3、4、7および8に対して37nM H−cAMPであり、PDE1、2、5、9、10および11に対して37nM H−cGMPであった。すべての場合、基質濃度はKMを下回った。基質の消費は6%未満であり、これは、基質濃度が、アッセイの間に容易に評価可能なほどに変化しなかったことを示している。
化合物2001のPDE10阻害効力
実施例12で使用したのと同じ手順を使用して、化合物1001、2001および3001のIC50を決定した。両方のエナンチオマー、化合物2001および化合物3001は、キラルクロマトグラフィーで>99%純粋であった。3つの化合物のすべてを、同じ実験で試験した。OMS643762ならびにそのエナンチオマー、OMS643772およびOMS643773によるPDE10の阻害についてのIC50値を表2に示す。
Claims (16)
- 以下の構造
- エナンチオマー的に純粋である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1に記載の化合物であって、その反対のエナンチオマーを実質的に含まない、化合物。
- 少なくとも80重量%、少なくとも90重量%、少なくとも95重量%または少なくとも99重量%の指定されたエナンチオマーを含む、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 結晶形態の、以下の構造
- 約150KでCuKα線を使用して測定した場合、[ピーク値]でのピークを含むX線粉末回折パターンを有する、請求項5に記載の化合物。
- 図1に示されているX線粉末回折パターンと実質的に同じX線粉末回折パターンを有する、請求項5に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と薬学的に許容される担体または希釈剤とを含む医薬組成物。
- 温血動物におけるPDE10を阻害する方法であって、前記動物に有効量の請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または請求項8に記載の医薬組成物を投与するステップを含む方法。
- 神経障害を有する温血動物における前記神経障害を処置する方法であって、前記動物に有効量の請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の化合物または請求項8に記載の医薬組成物を投与するステップを含み、前記神経障害が、精神病的障害、不安障害、パーキンソン病、ハンチントン病、アルツハイマー病、脳炎、恐怖症、てんかん、失語症、ベル麻痺、脳性麻痺、睡眠障害、疼痛、トゥレット症候群、統合失調症、妄想性障害、双極性障害、外傷後ストレス障害、薬物誘発性精神病、パニック障害、強迫性障害、注意力欠如障害、破壊的行動障害、自閉症、抑うつ、認知症、てんかん、不眠症および多発性硬化症からなる群から選択される方法。
- 前記神経障害が統合失調症である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記神経障害が外傷後ストレス障害である、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 式(II−a)の化合物
QはSまたはOであり、
XはClまたはBrであり、
R1、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルである)
を、以下の一般的スキーム(I)
ボロン酸A1を、活性化反応物A2での前記ボロン酸の活性化によってカルボアルデヒドB1へ変換するステップと;
酸触媒作用下、オルトホルメートの適切な供給源を用いてカルボアルデヒドB1をアセタールC1へ変換するステップと;
金属触媒およびシアニド供給源を用いる触媒されたシアノ化によってアセタールC1をニトリルD1へ変換するステップと;
D1を適切な酸で加水分解してカルボン酸E1を得るステップと;
適切な塩基、適切なカップリング試薬およびアミン供給源を用いてカルボン酸E1をアミドF1へ変換するステップと;
構造H1を有するアニオン性カップリング試薬を用いてアミドF1を式(II)の化合物へ変換するステップであって、
ここで、
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり;
R、R2およびR3は、それぞれ独立にC(1〜6)アルキルであり;
mは1、2、3または4であり;
pは1、2、3または4である、ステップと;
キラルHPLCにより式(II−a)の化合物を式(II−b)の化合物から分離するステップと;
任意選択で、式(II−a)の前記化合物を塩へ変換するステップと
を含むプロセス。 - 式(II−a)の前記化合物が
- 式(III−a)の化合物
を、以下の一般的スキーム(III)
ボロン酸A1を、活性化反応物A2での前記ボロン酸の活性化によってカルボアルデヒドB1へ変換するステップと;
酸触媒作用下、オルトホルメートの適切な供給源を用いてカルボアルデヒドB1をアセタールC1−1へ変換するステップと;
金属触媒およびシアニド供給源を用いる触媒されたシアノ化によってアセタールC1−1をニトリルD1−1へ変換するステップと;
D1−1を適切な酸で加水分解してカルボン酸E1−1を得るステップと;
適切な塩基、適切なカップリング試薬およびアミン供給源を用いてカルボン酸E1−1をアミドF1−1へ変換するステップと;
構造H1−1を有するアニオン性カップリング試薬を用いてアミドF1−1を式(III)の化合物へ変換するステップであって、
ここで、
Mは、I族の金属、II族の金属、CuまたはZnであり;
RはC(1〜6)アルキルであり;
mは1、2、3または4であり;
pは1、2、3または4である、ステップと;
キラルHPLCによって式(III−a)の化合物を式(III−b)の化合物から分離するステップと;
任意選択で、式(III−a)の前記化合物を塩へ変換するステップと
を含むプロセス。 - 式(III−a)の前記化合物が
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