JP2017511337A - 免疫グロブリンの噴霧化 - Google Patents
免疫グロブリンの噴霧化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017511337A JP2017511337A JP2016560576A JP2016560576A JP2017511337A JP 2017511337 A JP2017511337 A JP 2017511337A JP 2016560576 A JP2016560576 A JP 2016560576A JP 2016560576 A JP2016560576 A JP 2016560576A JP 2017511337 A JP2017511337 A JP 2017511337A
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Abstract
Description
能動型膜噴霧器などを含む。
注射用水中、正常ヒト免疫グロブリン100mg/ml及びプロリン0.25mol/Lを含む組成物の噴霧化を評価した。免疫グロブリン画分は、IgGを少なくとも98%含有し、その組成物は、IgAをmL当たり最大で25μg含有し、それはヒト血液ドナーの血漿から調製した。組成物は、pH4.82、密度1.0336g/mL, 粘度20℃で3.33mPA・s、表面張力20℃で71.1mN/m及び浸透圧312mOsm/kgを有した。
実施例1に記載した、レーザー回折装置による実験を、イーフローTMテクノロジーを使用する3台の改造膜噴霧器を用いて繰返し、この噴霧器は、大きな混合室(略容積90mL)を備え、液体リザーバ内の初期負圧は100から400mbarの範囲内であり、及び(上記に特定したように)タイプ2及びタイプ4の膜を使用する。
血漿由来の種々の免疫グロブリンアイソタイプ及び多量体(IgA及びIgM)並びにIgGの製剤を噴霧化し、得られたエアロゾルを、同じ噴霧器及び膜を用いた実施例1の記載と同様の方法で特徴付けた。
大きな混合室を備えたイーフローTMテクノロジーの改良型膜噴霧器3台に、タイプ2及
びタイプ4の膜(上記で特定したような)を使用し、実施例1及び実施例3に記載した組成物の噴霧化に付いて、呼吸模実験での評価も行った。噴霧器の各々で、2回の実験を行った(n = 2)。
呼吸模擬試験器)に接続した。吸気フィルタ(3M社製ポリプロピレン)は、マウスピースを具備する噴霧器とポンプとの間に設置し、ゴム接続部材で固定した。噴霧器に実施例1記載の組成物2mLを充填し、噴霧化を開始し、エアロゾル生成が視認出来なくなるまで継続した。エアロゾル液滴を含有する薬剤は、吸入フィルター上に集めた。
より具体的には、Ig含有量の計算式は次式の通りである。
c(mg/mL )=(希釈倍率 × A280)/(ε x L)
実施例1及び実施例3で得た噴霧化組成物を、免疫グロブリンの構造的完全性及び多量体化について特性評価を行行なった。このため、噴霧化組成物試料について(I)、SDS-PAGE、(ii)サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー(SEC)及び(iii)動的光散乱(DLS)分析を実施した。
・PBS中(d,f,g)、及びグリシン中(e, h, i)のIgG、14試料(図4)は噴霧化しない対照2試料(d, e)、膜タイプ2で得た噴霧化6試料(f, h)、及び、膜タイプ4で得た噴霧化6試料(g, i)である。試料は(噴霧化試料)3重に分析した。
・IgA (j, l, m)及びIgAM(k, n, o)、14試料(図4)は、噴霧化しない対照2試料(j, k)、膜タイプ2で得た噴霧化6試料(l, n)、及び、膜タイプ4で得た噴霧化6試料(m, o)である。試料は(噴霧化 試料)3重に分析した。
・IgA (p,q)、 IgAM (r, s)、 SIgAM (t, u) 及び IgG (v, w, x, y)、10試料(図4)は、噴霧化しない対照5試料(p, r, t, v, x)及び膜タイプ4で得た噴霧化5試料(q, s, u,
w, y)である。
、200μg/2μL(IgG)又は100μg/2μL (IgA, IgAM)を注入し、サイズ排除クロマトグラフィー用のTSKゲルG3000SWXL 7.8mm 径 x 30cm カラム(東ソーバイオサイエンス社製)上の流速は0.7mL/minとした。得られたクロマトグラムの結果から(I)免疫グロブリン多量体及び凝集体(ii)単量体及び二量体、ならびに(iii)フラグメントの相対的含有量をそれぞれ評価した。結果を表6及び表7に示した。
ズ分析により、強く支持される。タンパク質サイズのカテゴリ(多量体と凝集物、単量体と二量体、及びフラグメント)の相対的含有量は、分析した全試料で同等である(表6、表7)。特に、IgGのプロリン又はグリシン製剤で観察されるように、凝集体含有量が1%以下であることは、エアロゾル化され、高度に濃縮したIgGとしては、非常に低く、かつ静脈内投与するIgGに必要な要件さえも満たしている。さらに、高分子量タンパク質類の含量を増量した免疫グロブリン製剤、即ち、
酸性PBS中(凝集体含量3%以下)で製剤したIgG10%(w/w)、
PBS中(Ig多量体と凝集体含量17%以下)のIgA 5%(w/w)、
プロリン中(Ig多量体と凝集体含量21%以下)のIgA 5%(w/w)、
PBS中(Ig多量体と凝集体含量55%以下)のIgAMの5%(w/w)、
プロリン中(Ig多量体と凝集体含量54%以下)のIgAMの5%(w/w)及び
プロリン中(Ig多量体と凝集体含量56%以下)のSIgAMの5%(w/w)も、噴霧化工程による顕著な変化は見られなかった。
免疫グロブリンは、そのFab(フラグメント抗原結合)及びFc(結晶化可能フラグメント)フラグメントに直接依存する別個の機能を示す。Fab部分は抗原認識に関与しているが、一方、Fc部分は特殊な受容体に結合し、後続する分子経路を活性化することが出来る。重要なのは、それはまた補体の活性化も出来ることである。
実施例1及び実施例3に記載の組成物を、イーフローTMテクノロジーを使用し、かつ(上記に特定した)タイプ2及びタイプ4の膜を用いた大きな混合室を備える改造型膜噴霧器で噴霧化し、発生したエアロゾルを回収した。回収した溶液を使用し、噴霧化後の免疫グロブリンの活性を決定し、噴霧化前組成物中の免疫グロブリンの活性度と比較し、免疫グロブリンの活性度に及ぼす噴霧化工程の影響を評価した。
Fc活性度(試料)=(噴霧化前の化学発光半値に於けるIgの結合/噴霧化後の化学発光半値に於けるIgの結合)x100%。
噴霧化後の免疫グロブリンは、EBV、CMV、FSME、HB、HAV、HSV、VZV、おたふく風邪、風疹若しくは麻疹及び結合反応若しくは受容体結合試験の補完物等の抗原認識をELISAにより行なう分析に含まれる生物学的特性によりさらなる特徴づけを行った。
多量体免疫グロブリンは、粘膜表面で重要な役割を担っている。免疫グロブリンは、細菌の体内侵入防止に関与し、これは免疫排除として知られる過程である。これは、免疫グロブリンによる細菌表面上の抗原を認識するのと同時に、より良い細菌凝集体に変えるという多量体免疫グロブリンの能力を伴うものである。
S. et al, J Biol Chem. 2014 Aug 1;289(31):21617-26)。プロリン中のIgAMとSIgAM のみが感染症、炎症性サイトカインの分泌を低減し、かつ膜の完全性を保護した(図6A、6B、6C、製剤8及び9)。重要なことは、噴霧化したIgAM及び SIgAMを有するシゲラ・フレクスネリの免疫複合体が、噴霧化していないIgAM若しくはSigAMとシゲラ・フレクスネリとにより形成された免疫複合体と同程度に、シゲラ・フレクスネリの感染性とサイトカイン分泌を低減出来たということである。単量体免疫グロブリンの噴霧化(図6、製剤5-7)は、in vitroでの活性度に影響を与えなかった。実際、この感染モデルにおいて、機能的な利得や損失は全く観察されなかった。
実施例1及び実施例3に記載の組成物を噴霧化し、流路室、ここからエアロゾルを動物に送達する、に接続された膜噴霧器を使用してラットに投与する。
慢性副鼻腔炎(CS)は、最も多い慢性感染症状(免疫不全患者及び正常な集団の罹患率13%)の1つであり、生活の質(Khalid AN, Quraishi SA, Kennedy DW. Long-term quality of life measures after functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Am J Rhinol 2004 May;18(3):131-6)を著しく損ない、しかも、実質的な医療費支出(Anand VK. Epidemiology and economic impact of rhinosinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 2004 May;193:3-5.)の原因となっている。
PID患者へのIgG補充療法は肺炎と重症の感染率を効果的に低下させる。
L, Fieschi C, 他、「通常の様々の免疫不全症を有する患者252名の感染症」(Infections in 252 patients with common variable immunodeficiency)、Clin Infect Dis 2008 May 15;46(10):1547-54、Gregersen S, Aalokken TM, Mynarek G, 他「臨床的及び免疫学的因子を付随する通常の様々の免疫不全症を有する患者の肺炎異常の発生」(Development of pulmonary abnormalities in patients with common variable immunodeficiency: associations with clinical and immunologic factors) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010 Jun;104(6):503-10; Quinti I, Soresina A, Guerra A, 他「原発性抗体不全症を有する患者に関する免疫グロブリン補充療法の臨床成績効果。多施設での前向きコホート研究結果より」(Effectiveness of immunoglobulin replacement therapy on clinical outcome in patients with primary antibody deficiencies. Results from a multicenter prospective cohort study.)J Clin Immunol 2011 Mar 2.)、IgA及び/又はIgMが不足することが重要な要因となり得ることを再度示した。
前出の実施例に示したように、治験用に改造したeFlowテクノロジーを使用する免疫グロブリンの噴霧化は、免疫グロブリン構造やその機能のいずれをも傷つけない。(上部及び/又は下部)気道内に送達される免疫グロブリンの特定量を標的とする場合、噴霧時間をより短くするためには、免疫グロブリンの濃度はより高いほうが好ましい。高分子量(150kDから1040kD)の 免疫グロブリン、並びに高濃度の分子は、別々に又は関連して、両方共に製剤の粘度に影響を与えることが知られている。粘度は、噴霧化の性能に直接影響を与える。
Claims (15)
- 下記工程、
(a)ポリクローナル免疫グロブリン(Ig)、ここでIgの濃度は20から200mg/mLの範囲である、を含む水性液体組成物を準備する工程、
(b)前記組成物をその中に充填したリザーバを備える膜噴霧器を準備する工程、及び、
(c)前記噴霧器を使用して、前記組成物を噴霧化しエアロゾルを得る工程
を含む、エアロゾルを発生させる方法。 - 組成物中のIgの濃度が20から100mg/mLの範囲である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 組成物が更に安定化剤を含む請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 安定化剤がプロリンである請求項3に記載の方法。
- 組成物が更に界面活性剤を含む請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- リザーバは大気から隔離しているため、工程(c)の前、又は途中に、リザーバ内の圧力が低下することを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- リザーバ(10)内の開口部の上に密封要素(16)が配置され、開口部を気密に密封することによりリザーバは大気から隔離され、かつ、摺動可能な要素(21)が密封要素(16)に接続し、摺動可能な要素(21)の動作が密封要素(16)の少なくとも一部分(18)の動作に影響を与え、これによりリザーバ(10)内に負圧が発生することを特徴とする請求項6に記載の方法。
- 膜噴霧器が膜振動噴霧器である請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 膜噴霧器が流体と接触する第一の側(124)と反対側の第二の側(125)を有する振動膜(122)を含み、その膜は第一の側から第二の側への延長方向(E)に膜を貫通する複数の貫通孔(126)を有し、液体がこの貫通孔を第一の側から第二の側へ通過し、膜が振動した時、第二の側でエアロゾルが発生し、各貫通孔(126)はその延長方向(E)に沿って、最小径(Ds)、最小径より3倍まで大きいより大きな径(DL)を有し、各貫通孔は貫通孔の最小径を含む延長方向の貫通孔の連続部分により画定され、かつ貫通孔のより大きな直径により縁辺を形作られるノズル部(132)を備え、
各貫通孔(126)の延長方向の全長は、ノズル部(132)の延長方向の各々の一つの長さに対する比率が少なくとも4であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。 - 噴霧器が患者の下部気道を標的とするエアロゾルを発生するように適合した請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 噴霧器が患者の上部気道を標的とするよう適合した請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 噴霧器が能動的膜噴霧器である請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 免疫グロブリン(Ig)がポリクローナル免疫グロブリンG(IgG)、ポリクローナル免疫グロブリンA(IgA)、及び/又はポリクローナル免疫グロブリンM(IgM)である請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 送達されるエアロゾルが、噴霧器のリザーバ内に充填された組成物中の、Igの用量の少なくとも50%を含む請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- エアロゾル中のIgの活性度が噴霧器のリザーバ内に充填された組成物中の、Igの少なくとも80%である請求項1〜14のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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