JP2016531005A - 研磨粒子、研磨粒子の作製方法、及び研磨物品 - Google Patents
研磨粒子、研磨粒子の作製方法、及び研磨物品 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2016531005A JP2016531005A JP2016521430A JP2016521430A JP2016531005A JP 2016531005 A JP2016531005 A JP 2016531005A JP 2016521430 A JP2016521430 A JP 2016521430A JP 2016521430 A JP2016521430 A JP 2016521430A JP 2016531005 A JP2016531005 A JP 2016531005A
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- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
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- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
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Abstract
Description
a)第1のセラミック粒子を、オルガノシラン及び酸素を含む構成成分から形成されたオルガノシラン由来のプラズマに曝露して、プラズマ変性セラミック粒子を形成する工程であって、オルガノシラン由来のプラズマが、フッ素を本質的に含まない、工程と、
b)カップリング剤をプラズマ変性セラミック粒子と接触させて、研磨粒子を準備する工程と、を含む。
シリカを含まないセラミックのコアと、
セラミックのコアを少なくとも部分的に封入するシェル層であって、ケイ素、酸素、及び水素を含み、シラノール基を含む、シェル層と、
カップリング剤とシラノール基の少なくとも一部との縮合によって形成された少なくとも1つの残基と、を含む。
R1−SiY3
で表されるオルガノシランカップリング剤を含み、式中、R1は、一価有機基であり、各Yは、独立して、加水分解性基である。いくつかの実施形態では、R1は、2〜18個の炭素原子を有する。いくつかの実施形態では、R1は、3〜12個の炭素原子を有し、エポキシアルキル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、カルボキシアルキル基、アミノアルキル基、アクリロキシアルキル基、及びメタアクリロキシアルキル基からなる群から選択される。いくつかの実施形態では、各Yは、独立して、−Cl、−Br、−OC(=O)R2、及びOR2からなる群から選択され、式中、R2は、1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を表す。
で表され、式中、R1は、先に定義された通りである。シェル層内でのカップリング剤とSi−OH基との反応によって得られる研磨粒子は、更なる操作及び/若しくは変性を伴わずに(即ち、「そのままで」)使用されてもよく、又はそれらは、更に変性及び/若しくはサイズ分けされてもよい。好ましくは、それらは「そのまま」で使用される。
第1の実施形態では、本開示は、研磨粒子を作製する方法を提供し、本方法は、
a)第1のセラミック粒子を、オルガノシラン及び酸素を含む構成成分から形成されたオルガノシラン由来のプラズマに曝露して、プラズマ処理されたセラミック粒子を形成する工程であって、そのオルガノシラン由来のプラズマが、フッ素を本質的に含まない、工程と、
b)カップリング剤をプラズマ変性セラミック粒子と接触させて、研磨粒子を準備する工程と、を含む。
第2のセラミック粒子を酸素プラズマに曝露して、第1のセラミック粒子を形成することを更に含む。
R1−SiY3
で表されるオルガノシランカップリング剤を含み、式中、R1は、一価有機基であり、各Yは、独立して、加水分解性基である。
シリカを含まないセラミックのコアと、
セラミックのコアを少なくとも部分的に封入するシェル層であって、ケイ素、酸素、及び水素を含み、シラノール基を含む、シェル層と、
カップリング剤とシラノール基の少なくとも一部との縮合によって形成された少なくとも1つの残基と、を含む。
で表され、式中、R1は、3〜12個の炭素原子を有し、エポキシアルキル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、カルボキシアルキル基、アミノアルキル基、アクリロキシアルキル基、及びメタアクリロキシアルキル基からなる群から選択される。
試験される研磨物品を7.6cm×20.3cmのシートに変形した。これらの試験標本を、0.476cm×15.2cmの摩耗経路の小さい弧を描いて前後に振動される(揺り動かされる)円筒形のスチールドラム試験機に取り付けた。被加工物は、研磨物品に対して本質的に垂直であり、研磨物品と摩擦接触していた。研磨剤は、15.2cmの初期長で、0.476cm×0.476cmの寸法を有する固定式1018炭素鋼被加工物の0.476cm×0.476cmの表面を研磨した。この摩耗経路上では1分間当たり約60ストロークがあった。レバーアームによって被加工物にかけられた負荷は、3.6kgであった。試験中、水を摩耗経路上に連続的に流して、標本を湿った状態に保った。500サイクル(即ち、1サイクルは、1回の前後の動きである)後に取り除かれた炭素鋼の総量を総切削として記録した。切削の著しい低下又は研磨物品の裏材までの摩耗のいずれかによってエンドポイントを決定するまで、500サイクルの漸増で試験を続けた。
乾燥機械式ポンプ(Edwards Model iQDP80、Boc Edwards)で支えられたルーツブロワ(Edwards Model EH1200、Boc Edwards(West Sussex,United Kingdom))を備える真空ポンプシステムに接続された直径6インチ(0.2メートル)のPyrexガラス管を備える自作プラズマシステム内で研磨粒子を処理した。MKS質量流量制御装置(MKS Power Generators and Subsystems(Wilmington,Massachusetts))によってガラス管の一端の中心でガスをガラス管中に導入し、ガラス管の他端からガスをポンプで送り込んだ。RF電力を、幅6インチ(15cm)及び長さ12インチ(30cm)の銅外部電極によってチャンバに連結し、円の弧を描いて進ませ、ガラス管の外径と一致させた。ガラス管の周りの有孔金属製の囲い及び駆動電極は、接地電極を構成した。チャンバ内のRF自動整合ネットワーク(RF Power Productsから入手可能なモデルAM−20)を通して電源(RF Power Products(Kresson,New Jersey)から入手可能なモデルRF−30H)からRF電力を送達した。圧力は、ガスの流量によって決定され、独立して制御されなかった。ガラス管を1.8回転/分で回転させた。システムは、5mTorr(0.67Pa)の公称基本圧力を有する。ガスの流量は、MKSパワージェネレーターズ・アンド・サブシステムズ(MKS Power Generators and Subsystems)より入手可能な流量制御装置によって制御した。蒸着される研磨粒子をガラス管内に置いた(したがって、プラズマ生成の際に形成されるイオンシース内に位置付けた)。
AP1(500〜2000g)を上述の転動管状プラズマ処理装置内に配置し、反応器チャンバを10mTorr(1.33Pa)の圧力までポンプで下げた。次いで、酸素ガスを250scc/分の流量で導入し、RF電力を320ワット及び30〜50mTorr(4〜7Pa)の範囲の圧力で、30分間維持した。酸素プラズマ処理の後、TMS蒸気を300scc/分の流量で酸素ガスに加え、RF電力を320ワットで維持し、ケイ素含有フィルムの蒸着を30〜50mTorr(4〜7Pa)の範囲の圧力で30分間継続した。ケイ素含有フィルムの蒸着が完了した後、粒子を、250scc/分で流れる酸素ガスとともに500scc/分の流量で、アルゴン混合物中2体積パーセントのSiH4を含むプラズマ中で、320ワットのRF電力で、50〜100mTorr(7〜13Pa)の範囲の圧力で60分間更に処理した。プラズマ処理プロセスに続いて、プラズマ処理チャンバを環境に通気し、粒子を除去した。
トリフルオロ酢酸でpHを3.52に調整した加水分解希釈水溶液から、鉱物の重量で0.1%のA174を用いてAP1を処理することによって、AP3を調製した。加水分解されたシラン溶液を粒子に添加して、振盪することによって完全に混合した。45℃で24時間、オーブン中で乾燥させることによって、シラン処理プロセスを完了した。シラン処理した鉱物を、適切に寸法決めしたふるいを押し通すことによって分解した。
トリフルオロ酢酸でpHを3.5に調整した加水分解希釈水溶液から、鉱物の重量で0.1%のA174を用いてAP2を処理することによって、AP4を調製した。加水分解されたシラン溶液を粒子に添加して、振盪することによって完全に混合した。45℃で24時間、オーブン中で乾燥させることによって、シラン処理プロセスを完了した。シラン処理した鉱物を、適切に寸法決めしたふるいを押し通すことによって分解した。
24.75部のSR351プレミックス、24.25部の充填剤、1部のOX50、及び50部のAP4からなる研磨スラリーを混合することによって、実施例1を調製した。スラリーを、舌圧子を使用して微細複製されたポリプロピレン工具(0.65インチ(1651マイクロメートル)の平均底幅、0.03インチ(762マイクロメートル)の平均高さ、及び米国特許第7,300,479号(McArdle et al.)の表3において030SQRT項目において記載される凹面縁を有する錐体空洞を有する)にコーティングし、スラリーでコーティングされた工具を、スラリー側から裏材にテープで固定した。研磨物品の裏材は、裏材の前側にラテックス/フェノール樹脂プレサイズ処理を有するX重量ポリエステル裏材であった(硬化樹脂に基づき89部/15部)。プレサイズを裏材に適用し、次いで、任意の揮発物を実質的に除去し、フェノール樹脂をゲル状にするように加熱した。スラリーの裏材への良好な湿潤を確実にするように試料をローラー間で挟み、次いで、ウェブを30フィート/分(fpm)(9.14メートル/分)で動かしながら、Fusion UV Systems Inc.(Gaithersburg,Maryland)の紫外線(UV)ランプ、D型電球を用いて工具面を600ワット/インチ(236ワット/cm)で照射することによって硬化した。その後、試料を115℃で4時間硬化し、構造研磨物品を得た。
比較実施例Aを、研磨スラリーが、24.25部のSR351プレミックス、23.75部の充填剤、1部のOX50、1部のA174、及び50部のAP1であったことを除いて、実施例1と同じように調製した。
比較実施例Bを、AP3をAP4で置き換えたことを除いて、実施例1と同じように調製した。
次の方法、つまり、水(2400部)及び70%の硝酸水溶液(72部)を含有する溶液を11分間高剪断混合することによって、Sasol North America(Houston,Texas)の商標名「DISPERAL」を有する酸化アルミニウム一水和物粉末(1600部)を分散させて、ベーマイトゾルゲルを調製することによって、AP5を作製した。結果として得られたゾルゲルは、コーティング前に少なくとも1時間エージングした。ゾルゲルを、28ミル(0.711mm)の深さ及び各辺110ミル(2.794mm)の三角形の成形型の空洞を有する、研磨試料AP5を作製するための生産工具に押し入れた。各工具に関して、成形型の側壁と底部との間の抜き勾配角は98度であった。平行隆起部は、0.277mm毎に離間されており、隆起部の断面は、米国特許公開番号第2010−0146867号に記載されるように、0.127mmの高さと、先端において各隆起部の側面間に45度の角度と、を有する三角形であった。ゾルゲルを、生産工具の開口部が完全に充填されるように、パテナイフを使用して空洞に押し入れた。メタノール中1%のピーナッツ油である離型剤を使用して、0.5mg/インチ(0.2mg/cm)のピーナッツ油で生産工具をコーティングし、生産工具に塗布した。生産工具のシートを摂氏45度で空気対流オーブン内に5分間置くことによって、過剰なメタノールを除去した。ゾルゲルでコーティングされた生産工具を、摂氏45度で少なくとも45分間空気対流オーブンに置き、乾燥させた。超音波ホーンを通過させることにより、前駆体成形研磨粒子を生産工具から取り出した。前駆体成形研磨粒子を摂氏約650度で焼成し、次いで以下の濃度の硝酸混合溶液(酸化物として報告された)を含浸させた:7.0%のMgO及び0.05%のCoO。過剰な硝酸溶液を除去し、開口部を有する飽和した前駆体成形研磨粒子を乾燥させ、その後、この粒子を再び摂氏650度で焼成し、摂氏約1400度で焼結させた。焼成及び焼結は双方とも、回転式管状釜を使用して実行した。
AP6を、工具が12ミル(0.3045mm)の深さ及び各辺52.1ミル(1.323mm)の三角形の成形型の空洞を有することを除いて、AP5と同じように調製した。各工具に関して、成形型の側壁と底部との間の抜き勾配角は98度であり、先端において各隆起部の側面の間で45度に曲がる。
AP5及びAP6を、それぞれ、AP1で置き換えたことを除いて、AP7及びAP8をAP2と同じように調製した。
AP7及びAP8を、それぞれ、脱イオン水中で加水分解希釈水溶液からの鉱物の重量で0.25重量%のA1100で処理することによって、AP9及びAP10を調製した。加水分解されたシラン溶液を粒子に添加して、振盪することによって完全に混合した。65℃で24時間、オーブン中で乾燥させることによって、シラン処理プロセスを完了した。シラン処理した鉱物を、適切に寸法決めしたふるいを押し通すことによって分解した。
実施例2の研磨物品は、以下の手順によって調製されるロットから選択された切断砥石(型/形状41)であった。AP9(1254グラム)を、120グラムのPR1及び5mLのFAとKitchenAidミキサー中で7分間混合した。これは混合物1だった。39.2重量%のPR2、51.7重量%のPAF、8.2重量%のSiC、及び0.9重量%のCBをLoedigeミキサー(FM300D型)中で3分間混合することによって、混合物2を調製した。次いで、混合物1及び混合物2を組み合わせて、KitchenAidミキサー中で10分間混合した。混合物の粘度を調整し、粉塵の発生を低減させるために、混合中にPO(10mL)を添加した。
表3に示されるような組成変更を除き、実施例3の研磨物品を実施例2と同じように調製した。最終切断砥石の寸法は、直径125.0mm〜125.2mm及び厚さ1.64〜1.70mmであった。中央孔は直径22.31mmだった。
表3に示されるような組成変更を除き、比較実施例C及びDを実施例2と同じように調製した。
表3に示されるような組成変更を除き、比較実施例E及びFを実施例3と同じように調製した。
比較実施例Gは、Tyrolit GmbH & Co.KG(Neuenrade,Germany)から125×1.2×22 A60Q−BFXA Premium切断砥石、型番77966(公称厚さ:0.045インチ(0.114cm))として入手可能な市販の切断砥石であった。
比較実施例Hは、Saint Gobain Abrasives,Inc.(Worcester,Massachusetts)のNORTON CHARGER RIGHTCUT 5インチ×0.045インチ×7/8インチ(13cm×0.11cm×2.2cm)1型切断砥石、部品番号66252826570 7 RC5CH(公称厚さ:0.067インチ(0.17cm))であった。
比較実施例Iは、Manufacturing HDQ(North Windham,Connecticut)のSAITECH 5インチ×0.045インチ×7/8インチ(13cm×0.11cm×2.2cm)1型切断砥石、部品番号23177(公称厚さ:0.063インチ(0.16cm))であった。
比較実施例Jは、PFERD INC.(Leominster,Massachusetts)のPFERD SG−ELASTIC 5インチ×0.045インチ×7/8インチ(13cm×0.11cm×2.2cm)1型切断砥石、部品番号EHT 125−1.6 R SG−INOX EDP 63608(公称厚さ:0.062インチ(0.16cm))であった。
切断砥石を230V 4インチ(0.1メートル)のBoschグラインダー、モデルGWS 6−100(公称rpm10,000)が取り付けられたDavide Maternini SPA(Malnate,Italy)からのMaternini切断試験機、モデルPTA100/230上で試験した。切断試験機は、以下のパラメータで使用された:試験プログラム125−SS−R、切断の電流:3.5A、係数kp=15、係数kd=30。被加工物は、16mmの固体304ステンレス鋼ロッドであった。平均切断時間及び切断回数の両方を、切断砥石が100mmの直径に達するまで記録した。比較試験結果を表4(以下)に示し、試験終了時の区域指数とは、(被加工物の断面積×切断回数)÷切断砥石の摩耗区域である。
試験する研磨切断砥石を、5インチ(13cm)Bosch直角グラインダー(1803EVS、120V、1.45HP、11.000rpm)上に載置し、ステンレス鋼の3mm厚シートを直線に切断した。切断砥石の初期直径、最終直径、及び厚さを記録した。試験のエンドポイントは、切断砥石の68mmの直径までの摩耗又はステンレス鋼シートの1メートルの問題ない切断のいずれかのうち最初に生じた方であった。直径68mmのエンドポイントに達した場合、切断の長さを記録した。1メートルのエンドポイントに達した場合、その切断完了までの時間を記録した。試験データを表5(以下)に示す。
試験する研磨切断砥石を5インチ(13cm)Bosch直角グラインダー(1803EVS、120V、1.45HP、11000rpm)上に載置し、鉄鋼棒材を連続して切断した。エンドポイント(68mmの砥石直径に達する)の前の切断回数を記録した。試験データを表6(以下)に示す。
Claims (14)
- 研磨粒子を作製する方法であって、
a)第1のセラミック粒子を、オルガノシラン及び酸素を含む構成成分から形成されたオルガノシラン由来のプラズマに曝露して、プラズマ処理されたセラミック粒子を形成する工程であって、前記オルガノシラン由来のプラズマが、フッ素を本質的に含まない、工程と、
b)カップリング剤を前記プラズマ変性セラミック粒子と接触させて、前記研磨粒子を準備する工程と、を含む、方法。 - 工程a)の前に、
第2のセラミック粒子を酸素プラズマに曝露して、前記第1のセラミック粒子を形成することを更に含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記オルガノシランが、テトラメチルシランを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記構成成分が、ヘリウム、アルゴン、キセノン、及びこれらの組み合わせから選択される不活性ガスを更に含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記カップリング剤が、式
R1−SiY3
で表されるオルガノシランカップリング剤を含み、式中、R1が、一価有機基であり、各Yが、独立して、加水分解性基である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - R1が、3〜12個の炭素原子を有し、エポキシアルキル基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、カルボキシアルキル基、アミノアルキル基、アクリロキシアルキル基、及びメタアクリロキシアルキル基からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 各Yが、独立して、−Cl、−Br、−OC(=O)R2、及びOR2からなる群から選択され、式中、R2が、1〜4個の炭素原子を有するアルキル基を表す、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 研磨粒子であって、各研磨粒子が、
シリカを含まないセラミックのコアと、
前記セラミックのコアを少なくとも部分的に封入するシェル層であって、ケイ素、酸素、及び水素を含み、シラノール基を含む、シェル層と、
カップリング剤とシラノール基の少なくとも一部との縮合によって形成された少なくとも1つの残基と、を含む、研磨粒子。 - 前記研磨粒子が、研磨工業規格の公称等級に準拠する、請求項8又は9に記載の研磨粒子。
- 有機結合剤内に保持された請求項8〜10のいずれか一項に記載の研磨粒子を含む、研磨物品。
- 前記研磨物品が、結合研磨物品を含む、請求項11に記載の研磨物品。
- 前記研磨物品が、コーティングされた研磨物品を含む、請求項11に記載の研磨物品。
- 前記研磨物品が、不織布研磨物品を含む、請求項11に記載の研磨物品。
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JP6373982B2 (ja) | 2018-08-15 |
US10005171B2 (en) | 2018-06-26 |
US20160193717A1 (en) | 2016-07-07 |
KR102217580B1 (ko) | 2021-02-22 |
CN105324211A (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
EP3013526A1 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
WO2014209567A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
KR20160023723A (ko) | 2016-03-03 |
CN105324211B (zh) | 2018-10-16 |
EP3013526A4 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
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