JP2015511374A - リチウム二次電池用負極材、その製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用負極材、その製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2015511374A JP2015511374A JP2014555514A JP2014555514A JP2015511374A JP 2015511374 A JP2015511374 A JP 2015511374A JP 2014555514 A JP2014555514 A JP 2014555514A JP 2014555514 A JP2014555514 A JP 2014555514A JP 2015511374 A JP2015511374 A JP 2015511374A
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- negative electrode
- carbon
- electrode material
- silicon oxide
- oxide particles
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- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011267 electrode slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940105329 carboxymethylcellulose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001891 dimethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005486 organic electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/80—Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
ポリビニリデンフルオライド−ヘキサフルオロプロピレンコポリマー(PVDF-co- HFP)、ポリビニリデンフルオライド(polyvinylidenefluoride)、ポリアクリロニトリル(polyacrylonitrile)、及びポリメチルメタクリレート(polymethylmethacrylate)など、多様な種類のバインダ高分子が用いられ得る。
[発明を実施するための形態]
[実施例1]
SiO(平均粒径4 μmから7 μm)をFe(NO3)・6H2Oに添加した。次いで、得られた混合物を乾燥した後、熱処理してシリコン酸化物粒子の表面にFe触媒を分散させた。
シリコン酸化物粒子上に炭素ナノ繊維を成長させた後、シリコン酸化物粒子と成長した炭素ナノ繊維上に炭素コーティング層を形成する工程を行っていないことを除き、前記実施例1と同様の方法で負極材を製造した。
[実施例2]
前記実施例1で製造された負極材、バインダとしてSBR(styrene-butadiene rubber)、増粘剤としてCMC(carboxy methyl cellulose)及び導電材としてアセチレンブラックを95:2:2:1の重量比で混合し、これらを溶媒である水(H2O)とともに混合して均一な負極スラリーを製造した。製造された負極スラリーを銅集電体の一面に65 μmの厚さでコーティングし、乾燥及び圧延した後、必要な大きさでパンチング(punching)して負極を製造した。
比較例1で製造された負極材を用いたことを除き、実施例2と同様の方法でコイン型のリチウム二次電池を製造した。
<SEM顕微鏡写真1:比較例2>
前記比較例1で製造された負極材を用いた比較例2のリチウム二次電池の負極の表面をSEM顕微鏡写真で確認し、その結果を図2に示した。図2(a)及び(b)は、それぞれ高倍率と低倍率に応じたSEM写真である。
前記実施例1で製造された負極材を用いた実施例2のリチウム二次電池の負極の表面をSEM顕微鏡写真で確認し、その結果を図3に示した。図3(a)及び(b)は、それぞれ高倍率と低倍率に応じたSEM写真である。
<サイクル特性>
実施例2及び比較例2のリチウム二次電池に対して、充放電器(WBCS 3000、WON A TECH)を用いて充放電特性を評価した。
- 寿命特性: (49サイクル目の放電容量/1サイクル目の放電容量)×100
Claims (19)
- シリコン酸化物粒子(SiOx、ここでxは0<x<2である)と、
前記シリコン酸化物粒子上に成長した繊維状炭素と、
前記シリコン酸化物粒子及び前記繊維状炭素の表面上に形成された炭素コーティング層とを含む負極材。 - 前記繊維状炭素は、炭素ナノチューブ、炭素ナノ繊維、又はこれらの混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極材。
- 前記繊維状炭素の直径は1 nmから500 nmであり、長さが100 nmから5 μmであることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の負極材。
- 前記シリコン酸化物粒子の平均粒径は、4 μmから45 μmであることを特徴とする請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載の負極材。
- 前記負極材、前記繊維状炭素を前記シリコン酸化物粒子100重量部に対して0.1から20重量部含むことを特徴とする請求項1から4の何れか1項に記載の負極材。
- 前記炭素コーティング層において、炭素コーティング量は極材100重量部を基準として5から20重量部であることを特徴とする請求項1から5の何れか1項に記載の負極材。
- 前記炭素コーティング層は、前記シリコン酸化物粒子及び前記繊維状炭素の全表面を覆うことを特徴とする請求項1から6の何れか1項に記載の負極材。
- i)シリコン酸化物粒子(SiOx、ここでxは0<x<2である)上に触媒金属を分散させ、炭素供給源の存在下で熱処理し、繊維状炭素を成長させて複合体を形成させる段階と、
ii)前記複合体上に炭素コーティングして熱処理し、炭素コーティング層を形成する段階とを含む負極材の製造方法。 - 前記繊維状炭素は、炭素ナノチューブ、炭素ナノ繊維、又はこれらの混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項8に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 前記繊維状炭素の直径は1 nmから500 nmであり、長さが100 nmから5μmであることを特徴とする請求項8または9に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 前記シリコン酸化物粒子の平均粒径は、4μmから45μmであることを特徴とする請求項8から10の何れか1項に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 前記段階i)で熱処理は、100から1000℃で行われることを特徴とする請求項8から11の何れか1項に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 前記炭素供給源は、メタン、エタン、エチレン、ブタン、アセチレン、一酸化炭素、プロパン及びプロピレンからなる群から選ばれたいずれか一つ、又はこれらのうち2種以上の混合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項8から12の何れか1項に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 前記触媒金属は、Fe、Ni、Co、Ca、Y及びMgからなる群から選ばれたいずれか一つ、又はこれらのうち2種以上の混合金属を含むことを特徴とする請求項8から13の何れか1項に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 前記炭素コーティングは、メタン、エタン、エチレン、ブタン、アセチレン、一酸化炭素、プロパン及びプロピレンからなる群から選ばれたいずれか一つ、又はこれらのうち2種以上の気相又は液相の炭素源を用いて、熱分解炭素によるコーティング;又は液相又は固相のピッチによるコーティングであることを特徴とする請求項8から14の何れか1項に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 前記段階ii)において、熱処理は、300から1400℃の温度範囲で行われることを特徴とする請求項8から15の何れか1項に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 前記炭素コーティング層において、炭素コーティング量は、負極材100重量部を基準として5から20重量部であることを特徴とする請求項8から16の何れか1項に記載の負極材の製造方法。
- 集電体、及び前記集電体の少なくとも一面に形成された請求項1から7の何れか1項に記載の負極材を含む負極。
- 正極、請求項18に記載の負極及び前記正極と負極との間に介在されたセパレータを含むことを特徴とするリチウム二次電池。
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