JP2013534248A - 脂質付加された免疫反応調節化合物の組成物、製剤及び方法 - Google Patents
脂質付加された免疫反応調節化合物の組成物、製剤及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
N−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド
吉草酸無水物(6.03g)及び塩酸ピリジン(0.198g)をピリジン(8.28g)に加えた溶液を、3−アミノ−4−クロロキノリン(2.94g)をピリジン(5.0g)に加えた溶液に加え、反応液を室温で16時間攪拌した後、60℃で3時間加熱した。反応液を減圧下濃縮し、炭酸ナトリウム(15mLの10%水溶液)を加えた。反応液を30分間攪拌してから濾過した。得られた固体を水(60mL)で洗浄し、真空下で4時間乾燥して4.59gのN−(4−クロロキノリン−3−イル)バレルアミドを褐色のフレークの粗生成物として得た。この粗生成物をヘプタン(10mL)から再結晶化し、回収された生成物をソックスレー抽出によりヘプタンを16時間還流して更に精製した。ソクスレー抽出装置からの回収フラスコをフリーザー内で2時間冷却した。得られた固体を濾過により回収し、真空下で乾燥して2.00gのN−(4−クロロキノリン−3−イル)バレルアミドを白色の固体として得た。
4−アミノ−1−ブタノール(7.68g)及びピリジン(7.00g)をジクロロメタン(100mL)に加えた溶液を氷浴中で冷やし、クロロギ酸ベンジル(14.37g)をジクロロメタン(100mL)に加えた溶液を攪拌しながら30分間かけて徐々に加えた。氷浴を外し、反応液を更に16時間攪拌した。塩酸(1.2M、200mL)を加え、各相を分離した。有機相を乾燥(MgSO4)、濾過し、減圧下で濃縮した。得られた残渣をトルエンから再結晶化し、真空下で乾燥して5.15gのベンジル(4−ヒドロキシブチル)カルバメートを得た。
N−(4−クロロキノリン−3−イル)バレルアミド(1.97g)、ベンジル(4−アミノオキシブチル)カルバメート(2.99g)、トリエチルアミン(0.89g)、及び2−プロパノール(40.69g)を加え合わせて、80℃で3.5時間加熱した。反応液を室温にまで冷却し、濾過してから、濾液を減圧下で濃縮した。得られた固体にジクロロメタン(20mL)を加え、混合物を20分間攪拌した。溶解しなかった固体を濾去し、20滴の塩酸(1.2M)を加えることによって弱酸性とした水を10mLずつ2回使用して濾液を洗浄した。有機画分を乾燥し、減圧下で濃縮した。この固体粗生成物をテトラヒドロフランから再結晶化して、2.56gのベンジル4−{[2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチルカルバメートを得た。
ベンジル4−{[2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチルカルバメート塩酸塩(10.05g)をジクロロメタン(80mL)に溶解し、炭酸ナトリウム(2.02g)を30mLのH2Oに加えた溶液で抽出した。有機層を氷浴中で冷却し、m−クロロ過安息香酸(5.93g、1.24当量)をジクロロメタン(30mL)に溶解した溶液を徐々に加えた。6時間後、水酸化アンモニウム(10mLの28〜30%水溶液)を反応液に加えた。ベンゼンスルホニルクロリド(6.96g)を10mLのジクロロメタンに加えた溶液を、激しく攪拌しながら徐々に加えた。冷却浴を外し、反応液を更に12時間攪拌した。反応液を水(100mL)で希釈し、有機画分と水性画分とを分離した。水性画分をジクロロメタン(30mL)で抽出した。合わせた有機画分を、5%炭酸ナトリウムを90mLずつ2回使用して洗浄した。
1−(4−アミノブトキシ)−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−4−アミンフマレート(1.30g)をジクロロメタン(25mL)に溶解し、溶液を3×15mLの飽和炭酸ナトリウムで洗浄した。次いで有機画分を15mLの飽和塩化ナトリウムで洗浄し、MgSO4上で乾燥した。溶液を濾過し、溶媒を減圧下で除去して、生成物を真空下で乾燥して0.79gの1−(4−アミノブトキシ)−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−4−アミンを遊離塩基として得た。
N−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド(実施例1の化合物)のワクチンアジュバント活性を、組換えヘマグルチニン1(HA)によって免疫したマウスで評価した。IgG2a抗原特異的抗体反応を5つの異なる調製物(1.HA単独(コントロール)、2.HA+レシキモド(比較調製物)、3.HA+ジオレオイルホスファチジルコリン(DOPC)中で製剤化した実施例1の化合物(リポソーム製剤)、3.HA+実施例1の化合物、5.HA+DOPC(コントロール)を用いて測定した。
抗原依存性インターフェロンγ(IFN−γ)反応を、実施例2においてIgG2a抗体反応を測定したものと同じ動物から樹立した脾臓細胞培養物で測定した。動物から脾臓を摘出し、5匹の動物からなる各動物群について加え合わせて2つのプールとし、破砕して単一の細胞懸濁液として、96穴マイクロタイタープレートに播種した。各プールについて、コントロールとしてのPBSチャレンジの3つのウェル、及び10mgのHAチャレンジの3つのウェルを置いた。この後、培養物を37℃で72時間インキュベートした。この後、培地を取り出し、産生されたインターフェロンγをELISAアッセイにより測定した(pg/mL)(表2)。IFNγのデータは、各プールについて3重の測定値を用いた幾何平均値として示す。
全身性腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)の形成をインビボで誘導するN−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド(実施例1の化合物)の効果をマウスで評価した。全身性TNFの誘導を、4つの異なる調製物(1.PBS(コントロール)、2.レシキモド(比較調製物)、3.ジオレオイルホスファチジルコリン(DOPC)中で製剤化したレシキモド(比較調製物)、4.ジオレオイルホスファチジルコリン(DOPC)中で製剤化した実施例1の化合物(リポソーム))を用いて測定した。
それぞれ5匹のマウスからなる各マウス群に、10μgのHA抗原を単独で、又は増加する量の表4に示されるN−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド(実施例1の化合物)/DOPCとともに皮下に免疫した。最初の免疫化の2週間後及び4週間後に、同じ組み合わせによってマウスを追加免疫した。免疫の7週間後にマウスから血液採取し、HA特異的IgG2aの力価を測定した。この測定は、HAコーティングしたマイクロタイタープレート中で標準的な血清ELISAにより、血清試料を連続希釈することにより行った。IgG2aのデータは、エンドポイント(ベースラインの2倍)が得られた血清の希釈度であり、1群当たり5匹のマウスについての幾何平均である。
抗原依存性インターフェロンγ(IFN−γ)反応を、実施例5においてIgG2a抗体反応を測定したものと同じ動物から樹立した脾臓細胞培養物で測定した。動物から脾臓を摘出し、5匹の動物からなる各動物群について加え合わせて2つのプールとし、破砕して単一の細胞懸濁液として、96穴マイクロタイタープレートに播種した。各プールについて、コントロールとしてのPBSチャレンジの3つのウェル、及び10mgのHAチャレンジの3つのウェルを置いた。この後、培養物を37℃で72時間インキュベートした。この後、培地を取り出し、産生されたインターフェロンγをELISAアッセイによって測定した(pg/mL)(表5)。IFNγのデータは、各プールについて3重の測定値を用いた幾何平均値として示す。
ヒト末梢血単核球(PBMC)の腫瘍壊死因子(TNF)産生を誘導するN−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド(実施例1の化合物)の能力を測定した。ヒト末梢血単核球をヒト提供者より調製し、96穴マイクロタイタープレートに播種した。実施例1の化合物を以下の濃度、すなわち30、10、3.3、1.1、0.37、0.13、0.043、及び0.014μMで各ウェルに加えた。この後、細胞を37℃で一晩インキュベートした。培地を取り出し、TNFの濃度(ng/mL)をELISAアッセイによって測定した(表6)。
N−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド(実施例1の化合物)のウイルス防御活性を、マウス適応株H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34(米国培養細胞系統保存機関(American Type Culture Collection)(バージニア州、マナサス)より入手)を鼻腔内感染させたBalb/c雄性マウス(チャールズリバー社(Charles River)マサチューセッツ州、ウィルミントン)で評価した。感染の4週間前にそれぞれ10匹のマウスからなる各マウス群を、1.PBS、2.10μgのHA、又は3.10μgのHA+DOPCリポソームに加えた0.1mg/Kgの実施例1の化合物でそれぞれ免疫した。感染の2週間前に、同じ各群をそれらの対応する免疫化投与量によって追加免疫した。マウスの生存率を鼻腔内感染後11日間にわたって監視し、そのデータを表7に毎日の生存率(%)として示した。第1群の1匹のマウス、及び第2群の2匹のマウスにおいて、感染後、最初の3日間に体重減少が認められないことによって判定されるように、感染を確立できなかった。したがって、5日目には、第1群は9匹のマウスから構成され、第2群は8匹のマウスから構成されており、第3群及び第4群はそれぞれ10匹のマウスから構成されていた。
N−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド(実施例1の化合物)の免疫賦活化活性を、マウス予防的抗腫瘍免疫モデルにおいて評価した。C57/Bl雄性マウスの各群(チャールズリバー社(CharlesRiver)、マサチューセッツ州ウィルミントン)を免役し、1)PBS、2)20μgのオボアルブミン、又は3)20μgのオボアルブミン+1.0mg/Kgの実施例1の化合物により2週間隔で2回、追加免疫した。最後の追加免疫の1週間後、各マウスに4E5 B16Ovaメラノーマ腫瘍細胞を皮内注射した。腫瘍注射の11日後にマウスを屠殺し、腫瘍の長径及び短径を測定し、2つの測定値の積を求めた。各群について、平均腫瘍サイズをmm2+/−標準偏差(s.d.)で求めた。結果を表8に示す。
N−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド(実施例1の化合物)の用量節約作用を、異なる量のHAを実施例1の化合物と一緒に、又は実施例1の化合物なしで免疫したマウスで評価した。5匹のBalb/c雄性マウスの各マウス群(チャールズリバー社(Charles River)マサチューセッツ州、ウィルミントン)に、1μg、5μg、又は15μgのHAを0.1mg/kgの実施例1の化合物と一緒に、又は実施例1の化合物なしで免疫した。免疫の2週間後及び4週間後に、同じ調製物でマウスを追加免疫した。最後の追加免疫の3週間後にマウスから血液採取し、HAでコーティングしたマイクロタイタープレート中で、標準的な血清ELISAアッセイを用いた血清試料の連続希釈を行うことによりHA特異的IgG1及びIgG2aを測定した。IgG1及びIgG2aのデータを表9にエンドポイント(ベースラインの2倍)が得られた血清の希釈度として示したが、これは1群当たり5匹のマウスについての幾何平均である。0.1mg/Kgの実施例1の化合物をHAに加えることにより、この抗原に対する抗体反応は大幅に増強された。
N−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド(実施例1の化合物)の局所的インビボ活性を4匹のBalb/c雄性マウス(チャールズリバー社(Charles River))からなる各マウス群で評価し、レシキモドの活性と比較した(比較化合物)。実施例1の化合物又はレシキモドの溶液を別々のマウス群4群に皮下注射して、投与の1時間後、3時間後、6時間後、及び18時間後の時点で評価を行った。いずれの化合物の最終用量も1.0mg/kgとした。各時点においてマウスから血液採取し、屠殺して、流入領域の腋窩リンパ節及び上腕リンパ節を摘出して、RNA保存液(RNAlater試薬、アンビオン社(Ambion Corporation)、テキサス州オースチン)に入れた。血清試料をELISAによりTNFタンパク質濃度(pg/mL)について分析し、このサイトカインの全身的な存在の指標とした。流入領域のリンパ節を処理して、定量的PCR(アプライド・バイオシステムズ社(Applied Biosystems)(カリフォルニア州、カールスバッド)より入手した7900HTサーモサイクラー)によってTNFのmRNA遺伝子発現の測定を行った。示したデータ(表10)は、各群についての平均±標準偏差(s.d.)である。血清TNF濃度の「検出されず」のレベルは10pg/mL未満である。実施例1の化合物の注射後、血清中にTNFタンパク質が検出されることなく流入領域のリンパ節においてTNFのmRNA遺伝子発現が誘導されたことは、実施例1の化合物のサイトカイン誘導作用がもっぱら局所的であることを示している。
(a)アデノウイルス、ヘルペスウイルス(例えば、HSV−I、HSV−II、CMV、又はVZV)、ポックスウイルス(例えば、天然痘若しくはワクシニアなどのオルソポックスウイルス、又は伝染性軟属腫)、ピコルナウイルス(例えば、ライノウイルス又はエンテロウイルス)、オルソミクソウイルス(例えばインフルエンザウイルス)、パラミクソウイルス(例えば、パラインフルエンザウイルス、ムンプスウイルス、麻疹ウイルス、及び呼吸器合胞体ウイルス(RSV))、コロナウイルス(例えばSARS)、パポバウイルス(例えば、性器疣贅、尋常性疣贅、又は足底疣贅を引き起こすものなどのパピローマウイルス)、ヘパドナウイルス(例えばB型肝炎ウイルス)、フラビウイルス(例えば、C型肝炎ウイルス又はデングウイルス)、又はレトロウイルス(例えば、HIVなどのレンチウイルス)による感染によって引き起こされる疾患などのウイルス性疾患;
(b)例えば、エシェリキア属、エンテロバクター属、サルモネラ属、スタフィロコッカス属、シゲラ属、リステリア属、エアロバクター属、ヘリコバクター属、クレブシラ属、プロテウス属、シュードモナス属、ストレプ卜コッカス属、クラミジア属、マイコプラズマ属、ニューモコッカス属、ナイセリア属、クロストリジウム属、バチルス属、コリネバクテリウム属、マイコバクテリウム属、カンピロバクター属、ビブリオ属、セラチア属、プロビデンシア属、クロモバクテリウム属、ブルセラ属、エルシニア属、ヘモフィルス属、又はボルデテラ属の細菌による感染によって引き起こされる疾患などの細菌性疾患;
(c)クラミジア、真菌性疾患(例えば、カンジダ症、アスペルギルス症、ヒストプラスマ症、又はクリプトコッカス髄膜炎)、又は寄生虫疾患(例えば、マラリア、ニューモシスチスカリニ肺炎、リーシュマニア症、クリプトスポリジウム症、トキソプラズマ症、及びトリパノソーマ感染)などの他の感染症;
(d)上皮内腫瘍、子宮頚部異形成、日光角化症、基底細胞癌、扁平上皮細胞癌、腎細胞癌、カポジ肉腫、メラノーマ、白血病(例えば、骨髄性白血病、慢性リンパ性白血病、多発性骨髄腫、非ホジキンリンパ腫、皮膚T細胞リンパ腫、B細胞リンパ腫、及びヘアリーセル白血病)、乳癌、肺癌、前立腺癌、結腸癌、及び他の癌などの腫瘍性疾患;
(e)アトピー性皮膚炎又は湿疹、好酸球増加、喘息、アレルギー、アレルギー性鼻炎、オメン症候群などのTH2媒介性アトピー性疾患;
(f)全身性エリテマトーデス、原発性血小板血症、多発性硬化症,円板状エリテマトーデス、及び円形脱毛症などの特定の自己免疫疾患;並びに、
(g)ケロイド形成及び他の種類の瘢痕化の阻害などの創傷修復に関連する疾患(例えば、慢性創傷を含む創傷治癒の促進)が挙げられる。
Claims (14)
- 薬学的に許容される担体及び請求項1に記載の化合物を含む医薬組成物。
- リポソームを含む製剤中に請求項1に記載の化合物を含む医薬組成物。
- 抗原を更に含む、請求項2又は3に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物と抗原が、単一の組成物中に混合される、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記化合物と抗原が前記組成物の別々の成分として存在することで、組み合わせて投与される、請求項4に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記抗原が、癌ワクチンである、請求項4〜6のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記抗原が、ウイルスワクチンである、請求項4〜6のいずれか一項に記載の医薬組成物。
- ワクチンアジュバントとして、前記化合物N−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド、又はその薬学的に許容される塩を投与することによる、ワクチン抗原の効果を増強させる方法。
- 前記化合物が、リポソーム製剤中に取り込まれている、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 腫瘍性疾患の治療方法であって、前記化合物N−(4−{[4−アミノ−2−ブチル−1H−イミダゾ[4,5−c]キノリン−1−イル]オキシ}ブチル)オクタデカンアミド、又はその薬学的に許容される塩を、前記腫瘍性疾患を有するヒト又は動物に投与する工程を含む、方法。
- 前記化合物が、リポソーム製剤中にある、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記製剤が、局在化した腫瘍塊中に直接投与される、請求項12に記載の方法。
- 癌ワクチン抗原の投与を更に含む、請求項11〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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