JP2013503168A - 脳虚血を予防または処置する方法 - Google Patents
脳虚血を予防または処置する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013503168A JP2013503168A JP2012526918A JP2012526918A JP2013503168A JP 2013503168 A JP2013503168 A JP 2013503168A JP 2012526918 A JP2012526918 A JP 2012526918A JP 2012526918 A JP2012526918 A JP 2012526918A JP 2013503168 A JP2013503168 A JP 2013503168A
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- tocotrienol quinone
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- cerebral
- cerebral ischemic
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2009年8月26日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/275,269号の利益を主張する。この出願の全内容は本明細書においてその全体が参照として援用される。
技術分野
本発明は、一般的に、脳虚血性事象が生じているか、脳虚血性状態と関連している症状もしくは脳虚血性状態による症状が生じているか、または脳虚血性状態のリスクがある被験体の脳虚血を予防または処置するための、レドックス活性治療薬、特にトコトリエノールキノンを含む組成物および方法に関する。また、本発明は、頭部または脳への外傷後、かかる処置を必要とする被験体において、脳虚血から脳組織を保護するためのトコトリエノールキノンを含む組成物および方法に関する。また、本発明は、被験体の脳内の梗塞のサイズおよび重症度を最小限にするための、有効量のレドックス活性治療薬(トコトリエノールキノンなど)での脳虚血の予防または処置に関する。また、本発明は、かかる組成物の作製方法に関する。本発明は、脳卒中の処置および予防に関する;本発明は、脳卒中が症状の1つであるミトコンドリア病(「ミトコンドリア筋症・脳症・乳酸アシドーシス・脳卒中」(MELAS)など)の処置、改善または予防に関するものではない。
虚血は組織への血流の減少と定義され得る。脳虚血は、脳卒中としても知られており、脳に供給される動脈内血流の遮断または低減である。特定の血管領域への血流の減少は局所虚血として知られている;脳全体への血流の減少は全虚血として知られている。血液が喪失し、したがって酸素およびグルコースが喪失すると、脳組織に虚血性の壊死または梗塞形成が起こり得る。かかる細胞の変性および死滅の下地となっていると考えられている代謝事象としては、ATP枯渇によるエネルギー不足;細胞内アシドーシス;グルタメート放出;カルシウムイオン流入;膜リン脂質分解の刺激および後続する遊離脂肪酸の蓄積;ならびにフリーラジカルの生成が挙げられる。
本発明は、哺乳動物被験体の脳虚血の処置および予防のための組成物および方法に関する。本発明は、脳卒中の処置および予防に関するものであり、脳卒中が症状の1つであるミトコンドリア病の処置、改善または予防に関するものではない。
R1、R2およびR3は、互いに独立して、水素、(C1〜C6)アルキル、または(C1〜C6)アルコキシであり;
mは、1〜12(両端を含む)の整数である)
で表される有効量の1種類以上の式Iの化合物またはその任意の立体異性体、立体異性体の混合物、プロドラッグ、代謝産物、塩、結晶性形態、非結晶性形態、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を投与することを含む、哺乳動物被験体の脳虚血性事象の症状を処置および/または改善するための方法を提供する。
R1、R2およびR3は、互いに独立して、水素、(C1〜C6)アルキル、または(C1〜C6)アルコキシであり;
mは、1〜12(両端を含む)の整数である)
で表される有効量の1種類以上の式Iの化合物またはその任意の立体異性体、立体異性体の混合物、プロドラッグ、代謝産物、塩、結晶性形態、非結晶性形態、水和物もしくは溶媒和物を投与することを含み、
前記被験体は、脳卒中が症状の1つであるミトコンドリア病に苦しんでいる被験体でないものとする、
脳虚血性状態の予防を、かかる予防を必要とする哺乳動物被験体において行なうための方法を提供する。
本発明は、一般的に、脳虚血(脳卒中)において保護的である医薬組成物に使用され得るトコトリエノールキノンに関する。本発明は、例えば、神経細胞死を低減させること、組織浮腫を低減させること、および/または脳虚血性障害と関連している認知機能障害を低減させることなどにより、脳虚血を予防または処置するための組成物および方法を提供する。本発明は、脳虚血性状態と関連している症状および/または病状、例えば、微小塞栓の存在または低酸素状態と関連している梗塞サイズ、組織浮腫または認知障害などを低減させるための組成物および方法を提供する。本発明は、ミトコンドリア病に苦しんでいる被験体の脳卒中の処置に関するものではない。特に、本発明は、脳卒中が症状の1つであるミトコンドリア病に苦しんでいる被験体の脳卒中の処置に関するものではない。
用語「アルキル」は、明記した数の炭素原子を有する、または数を明記していない場合は、12個までの炭素原子を有する飽和脂肪族基(直鎖、分枝鎖、環式基およびその組合せを含む)をいう。アルキル基のサブセットの1つは、(C1〜C6)アルキルであり、限定されないが、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、n−ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、t−ブチル、ペンチル、n−ペンチル、ヘキシル、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシルなどの基、および1〜6個の炭素原子を含む任意の他のアルキル基が挙げられ、ここで、該アルキル基上に任意の結合価でさらなる(C1〜C6)アルキル基が結合していてもよいが、炭素の総数は6であるか、または6より小さいものとする。アルキル基の別のサブセットは(C1〜C4)アルキルであり、限定されないが、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、n−ブチル、イソブチル、sec−ブチル、t−ブチル、シクロプロピル、およびシクロブチルなど(as)の基が挙げられる。
一部の特定の実施形態において、本発明の製剤はトコトリエノールキノンを含むものであり、該トコトリエノールキノンは、それぞれのトコトリエノールから、適当な酸化剤(例えば、硝酸セリウムアンモニウム(CAN))での酸化によって合成により作製され得る。特に、本発明の製剤は、本質的に純粋なα−トコトリエノールの酸化によって作製されるα−トコトリエノールキノン(CAS Reg.No.1401−66−7)を含むものである。本質的に純粋なα−トコトリエノールまたはα−トコトリエノールキノンの好ましい作製方法は、共有米国特許出願公開第2010/0105930号(発明の名称は「αトコトリエノールおよび誘導体の作製方法」)に記載されている。
本発明の組成物は被験体に神経細胞の損傷が低減される量で投与される。被験体は、脳虚血性状態が生じている被験体であってもよく、脳虚血性状態と関連している症状もしくは脳虚血性状態による症状が生じている被験体であってもよく、脳虚血性状態のリスクがある被験体であってもよい。被験体は、MELASなどのミトコンドリア病に起因する虚血性状態の予防のために処置される被験体ではない。
実施例1
組成物が虚血誘導性神経細胞の傷害および細胞死に反対作用する能力を調べるための細胞系アッセイ
脳は、血液供給を妨げるような(虚血の場合など)、または酸素供給を妨げるような(低酸素(酸素が少ない)もしくは無酸素(酸素ゼロ)の場合など)発作が起こると、急激な神経の不均衡が引き起こされ、細胞死に至る(Flynnら(1989)Ischemia and Hypoxia,pp.783−810,In:Basic Neurochemistry,Siegelら(編),Raven Press,New York)。脳虚血性発作は、頭蓋への血管または頭蓋内の血管を閉塞させることにより、動物においてモデル設計される(Molinari(1986)Experimental models of ischemic stroke,pp.57−73,In:Stroke:Pathophysiology,Diagnosis and Management,第1巻,Barnettら(編),Churchill Livingstone,N.Y.)。虚血のインビトロモデルには種々の酸素およびグルコース喪失手段が使用される(例えば、神経培養物を大型の無酸素性または低酸素性のチャンバ内に入れ、培養培地を、無酸素の規定されたイオン組成の培地と交換するなど)(Goldbergら,(1990)Stroke 21:75−77)。神経グルタミン酸受容体、特に、N−メチル−D−アスパラギン酸(NMDA)受容体の毒性過剰刺激は、低酸素性虚血性の神経傷害(Choi(1988)Neuron 1:623−634)、反応性酸素種(ROS)の虚血性誘導(Watsonら,(1988)Ann.NY Acad.Sci.59:269−281)、過剰カルシウム流入(Grottaら,(1988)Stroke 19:447−454)、アラキドン酸の増大(Siesjo(1981)J.Cereb.Blood Flow Metab.1:155−185)、およびDNA損傷(MacManusら,(1993)Neurosci.Lett.164:89−92)に寄与し、神経変性カスケードを引き起こす。
以下のプロトコルは、海馬の一次神経細胞を胚性ラット脳から単離し、本明細書に記載の細胞系アッセイにおける使用のために培養するために使用される手順を示す。
以下のアッセイでは、海馬の培養神経細胞において無酸素−再酸素供給によって虚血を誘導し、試験薬剤を、虚血誘導性の神経細胞の傷害および細胞死に対する効力および/または有効性について評価する。アッセイプロトコルを以下に模式的に示す。
動物の脳梗塞アッセイ
このアッセイを使用し、ラットにおいて誘導した脳虚血後の壊死に対する脳の保護における試験薬剤の有効性を評価した。中脳動脈閉塞(MCAO)は、動物モデルにおいて一過性で限局性の脳虚血を誘発させるために広く使用されている手法である。MCAOのラットモデルは、ヒトの虚血性損傷の適切な擬態であることが示されている。さらに、このモデルは、ヒト脳卒中で最も障害される血管である中脳動脈(MCA)の関与を忠実に表し、また、ヒトにおいて行なわれるような再灌流も可能である。
雄Sprague−Dawleyラット(Hadan,Ind.)(体重225〜250g)に、標準的な実験室条件下で水と市販の齧歯類用飼料を自由に摂取させた。室温を20〜23℃に維持し、室内の照明を12/12時間の明/暗サイクルにした。試験前の5〜7日間、ラットをこの実験室環境に馴化させた。
標準的なラット用強制供給チューブ(Popper & Sons Inc,NY)を3cc容皮下注射シリンジに取り付けた。動物を肩で垂直位に保持した。栄養管を口内に入れ、次いで、胃に達するまで押し進めた(入れる前に、チューブの概算挿入長を測定した)。シリンジの内容物をゆっくり送達し、次いで、チューブを引き抜いた(is withdrawn)。トコトリエノールキノンはゴマ油に溶解させ、梗塞の4時間前に送達した。
ヒト被験体での治験
この治験は、急性虚血性脳卒中を示す患者における本明細書に記載の治療薬の無作為二重盲検プラセボ対照比較有効性試験として設計され得る。患者は、各試験に対して決定され得る一組の適格基準に基づいて治験に選択する。例えば、該基準としては、年齢(例えば、18〜85歳)、局所神経障害が少なくとも60分間持続すること、急性虚血性脳卒中の臨床診断に適合するCT(またはMRI)、およびNIH脳卒中スケールが少なくとも8であることが挙げられ得る。除外基準としては、例えば、重度の全身性合併疾患、参加の妨げとなり得る疾病状態が既に存在していること、および外科処置が24時間以内に必要とされていることが挙げられ得る。試験のプロトコルは、治験が行なわれる施設の施設内審査委員会によって承認されたものでなければならない。すべての患者またはその法的代理人は、インフォームドコンセントに署名しなければならない。
PET手順
62Cuは62Zn/62Cu陽電子発生装置から溶出され、62Cu−ATSMは、発生装置の溶出物(62Cu−グリシン)と、既報の方法(Fujibayashiら,(1997)Copper−62 ATSM:a new hypoxia imaging agent with high membrane permeability low redox potential.J.Nucl.Med.38,1155−1160)によって合成したATSMを単純に混合することにより得られる。前肘静脈から、およそ555MBqで、10秒×12、60秒×8および10分×1の持続時間枠で62Cu−ATSMのボーラス注射をしながら20分間の動的PETスキャンを行なう。初期および遅延画像は、最初の3分間のPETデータおよび最後の動的データフレームを用いて計算する。初期相での62Cu−ATSMの蓄積は冠動脈の血流を反映している(Fujibayashiら,(1997),J.Nucl.Med.(1997)38(7)1155−1160);Lewisら,(2001)J.Nucl.Med.42,655−661;Obataら,(2001)Ann.Nucl.Med.15,499−504;およびDearlingら,(2002)J.Biol.Inorg.Chem 7,249−259)。18FDG−PETでは、およそ150MBqまたはトレーサを、62Cu−ATSM注射の約1時間後に投与する。トレーサ注射の50分後、10分間のPET取得を開始する。
Claims (26)
- 脳虚血性事象と関連している神経損傷の処置、予防および/または改善を、かかる処置を必要とする哺乳動物被験体において行なうための方法であって、該被験体に、式I:
mは、1〜12(両端を含む)の整数である)
の1種類以上の化合物またはその任意の立体異性体または立体異性体の混合物を含む有効量の組成物を投与することを含み、
前記被験体はミトコンドリア病に苦しんでいる被験体でないものとする、
方法。 - かかる処置を必要とする前記被験体に、α−トコトリエノールキノン、β−トコトリエノールキノン、γ−トコトリエノールキノンおよびδ−トコトリエノールキノンならびにその混合物、ならびにその単一の立体異性体ならびに立体異性体の混合物から選択されるトコトリエノールキノンを含む有効量の組成物を投与することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、α−トコトリエノールキノンまたはその任意の立体異性体または立体異性体の混合物を含むものである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記脳虚血性事象が脳血管構造の閉塞に続発性のものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記閉塞が血塞栓によるものである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記脳虚血が冠動脈血管構造の攣縮によるものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記脳虚血性事象が心機能の停止に続発性のものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記脳虚血性事象が心肺バイパス術に続発性のものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記脳虚血性事象が脳血管構造内の出血性事象に続発性のものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記トコトリエノールキノン組成物が少なくとも約65%のα−トコトリエノールキノンを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記トコトリエノールキノン組成物が少なくとも約75%のα−トコトリエノールキノンを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記トコトリエノールキノン組成物が少なくとも約85%のα−トコトリエノールキノンを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記トコトリエノールキノン組成物が少なくとも約90%のα−トコトリエノールキノンを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記トコトリエノールキノン組成物が少なくとも約95%のα−トコトリエノールキノンを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、さらに、薬学的に許容され得る担体を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が経口投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が非経口投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、前記哺乳動物被験体の体重1kgあたり約1〜約1000mgの範囲のα−トコトリエノールキノンを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、前記哺乳動物被験体の体重1kgあたり約1〜約50mgの範囲のα−トコトリエノールキノンを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記神経損傷が、神経細胞死、全脳梗塞体積、脳虚血性損傷、脳組織浮腫、および認知機能障害から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 脳虚血性事象の処置および/または改善を、かかる処置を必要とする哺乳動物被験体において行なうための方法であって、該被験体に、式I:
mは、1〜12(両端を含む)の整数である)
の1種類以上の化合物またはその任意の立体異性体または立体異性体の混合物を含む有効量の組成物を投与することを含み、
前記被験体は、脳卒中が症状の1つであるミトコンドリア病に苦しんでいる被験体でないものとする、
方法。 - かかる処置を必要とする前記被験体に、α−トコトリエノールキノン、β−トコトリエノールキノン、γ−トコトリエノールキノンおよびδ−トコトリエノールキノンならびにその混合物、ならびにその単一の立体異性体ならびに立体異性体の混合物から選択されるトコトリエノールキノンを含む、有効量の組成物を投与することを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、α−トコトリエノールキノンまたはその任意の立体異性体または立体異性体の混合物を含むものである、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 脳虚血性事象の処置および/または改善を、かかる処置を必要とする哺乳動物被験体において行なうための方法であって、該被験体に、式I:
mは、1〜12(両端を含む)の整数である)
の1種類以上の化合物またはその任意の立体異性体または立体異性体の混合物を含む有効量の組成物を投与することを含み、
前記被験体は、脳虚血性事象前の1ヶ月以内に式Iの化合物を投与されていないものとする、
方法。 - かかる処置を必要とする前記被験体に、α−トコトリエノールキノン、β−トコトリエノールキノン、γ−トコトリエノールキノンおよびδ−トコトリエノールキノンならびにその混合物、ならびにその単一の立体異性体ならびに立体異性体の混合物から選択されるトコトリエノールキノンを含む、有効量の組成物を投与することを含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物が、α−トコトリエノールキノンまたはその任意の立体異性体または立体異性体の混合物を含むものである、請求項25に記載の方法。
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HUE037592T2 (hu) | 2018-09-28 |
NO2470168T3 (ja) | 2018-06-30 |
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US20170007553A1 (en) | 2017-01-12 |
CN102647981B (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
ES2663709T3 (es) | 2018-04-16 |
MX2012002374A (es) | 2012-04-10 |
EP2470168B1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
JP2015091899A (ja) | 2015-05-14 |
DK2470168T3 (en) | 2018-05-07 |
PT2470168T (pt) | 2018-03-28 |
WO2011025785A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
JP5785546B2 (ja) | 2015-09-30 |
BR112012004167A2 (pt) | 2016-03-29 |
MX337990B (es) | 2016-03-30 |
AU2010286704B2 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
CN102647981A (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
EA201200355A1 (ru) | 2012-07-30 |
CA2772294A1 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
PL2470168T3 (pl) | 2018-06-29 |
US20110207828A1 (en) | 2011-08-25 |
CA2772294C (en) | 2018-08-21 |
EA028677B1 (ru) | 2017-12-29 |
AU2010286704A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
SI2470168T1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
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