JP2013232068A - Position information anonymity apparatus, position information anonymity method and program - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To effectively protect privacy of an owner of data by anonymizing time information and position information simultaneously.SOLUTION: A position information anonymity apparatus corresponds to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of two or more) indicating true position information to generate a random number, and adds the generated random number to the n-dimensional coordinates system indicating the true position information, to generates perturbed coordinate information. True coordinate information, when the generated coordinate information is defined as central coordinates and a radius is defined as r, is included in the solid formed by such a condition, and a radius r according to required degree of anonymity is determined. On the basis of a value according to the degree of anonymity requiring time information in which the true position information is acquired, perturbed time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information.

Description

  The present invention relates to a location information anonymization device, a location information anonymization method, and a program for anonymizing user location information with respect to a third party.

  When publishing data, it is necessary to transform the data in order to protect the privacy of the data owner. In particular, important information such as location information must be provided after sufficient anonymization. On the other hand, for example, a technique as shown in Non-Patent Document 1 has been proposed.

C. A. Ardagna, M .; Cremonini, S.M. De Capitani di Vimercati, and P.M. Samarati, “An Obfuscation-based Approach for Protecting Location Privacy,” in IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing (TDSC-February 11)

  However, in the method described in Non-Patent Document 1, a method of moving and enlarging the X, Y, (Z) coordinate system has been proposed, but in the conventional method, a plurality of time series are used. By overlooking the position information, the user's behavior may be tracked. Therefore, when considering the threat of tracking user behavior, it is necessary to anonymize time information in addition to location information. However, a method for anonymizing time information and position information at the same time has not been proposed.

  Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and a position information anonymization device and position information that effectively protect the privacy of the owner of data by anonymizing time information and position information at the same time. The purpose is to provide an anonymization method and program.

  The present invention proposes the following matters in order to solve the above problems. In addition, in order to make an understanding easy, although the code | symbol corresponding to embodiment of this invention is attached | subjected and demonstrated, it is not limited to this.

  (1) The present invention corresponds to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer equal to or greater than 2) representing true position information, and corresponds to the random number generation means (for example, the random number generation unit 110 in FIG. 1). ), Coordinate generation means for generating perturbation coordinate information by adding the generated random number to the n-dimensional coordinate representing the true position information (for example, corresponding to the coordinate generation unit 120 in FIG. 1), The true coordinate information is included in the solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as the center coordinate and the radius is r, and the radius r is determined according to the required anonymity. Perturbation by adding a time width to the time information according to a value corresponding to an anonymity for which the time information at which the true position information is obtained is obtained and a determination means (for example, equivalent to the determination unit 130 in FIG. 1) Time information generating means for generating the time information (for example, Have proposed that corresponds to one of the time information generating unit 140), the position information anonymizing apparatus characterized by comprising a.

  According to this invention, the random number generation means generates a random number corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information. The coordinate generation means generates coordinate information that is perturbed by adding the generated random number to the n-dimensional coordinates representing the true position information. The determination means includes a radius r corresponding to the required anonymity, and the true coordinate information is included in a solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as the center coordinate and the radius is r. To decide. The time information generating means generates time information that is perturbed by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained. Therefore, the true position information is included in the solid figure formed by extending the solid formed by the perturbation of the position information in the time axis direction. Thereby, compared with the conventional anonymization method of position information, since the area | region expands in a time-axis direction, anonymization advances further and it can protect a user's privacy effectively.

  (2) The present invention corresponds to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) representing true position information, the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is set as the center coordinates, and the radius is r. A value according to the degree of anonymity for which time information for obtaining the true position information is obtained, a determination means for determining the radius r according to the degree of anonymity obtained, a perturbation means for perturbing the radius r Thus, there is proposed a position information anonymization device comprising: time information generating means for generating time information perturbed by adding a time width to the time information.

  According to the present invention, the determining means includes the anonymous information that is determined and included in the solid formed by the true coordinate information when the generated coordinate information is the center coordinate and the radius is r. The radius r corresponding to the degree is determined. The perturbation means perturbs the radius r. The time information generating means generates time information that is perturbed by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained. Therefore, the true position information is included in the solid figure formed by extending the solid formed by the perturbation of the position information in the time axis direction. Thereby, compared with the conventional anonymization method of position information, since the area | region expands in a time-axis direction, anonymization advances further and it can protect a user's privacy effectively.

  (3) The present invention relates to the position information anonymization device of (2), wherein the perturbation means (e.g., equivalent to the perturbation unit 160 in FIG. 5) performs perturbation by expanding the radius r. A feature location information anonymization device is proposed.

  According to this invention, the perturbation means perturbs by enlarging the radius r. Thereby, since an area | region expands further, anonymization advances and it can protect a user's privacy effectively.

  (4) The present invention relates to the position information anonymization device of (2), wherein the perturbation means (e.g., corresponding to the perturbation unit 180 in FIG. 8) performs perturbation by reducing the radius r. A feature location information anonymization device is proposed.

  According to the present invention, the perturbation means perturbs by reducing the radius r. In other words, in the present invention, since the time information is also perturbed and anonymized, even if perturbation with a reduced radius is allowed, anonymization sufficiently proceeds and the privacy of the user is effectively protected. be able to.

  (5) The present invention includes a perturbation means for perturbing the radius r within a range that is included in the solid and satisfies the anonymity required for the position information anonymization device of (1). A feature location information anonymization device is proposed.

  According to the present invention, the perturbation means perturbs the radius r within a range that is included in a solid and satisfies the required anonymity. Therefore, since the radius is perturbed in addition to the perturbation that moves the position information, anonymization is further improved.

  (6) The present invention relates to the position information anonymization device of (5), wherein the perturbation means (e.g., corresponding to the perturbation unit 160 in FIG. 5) performs perturbation by expanding the radius r. A feature location information anonymization device is proposed.

  According to this invention, the perturbation means perturbs by enlarging the radius r. Thereby, since an area | region expands further, anonymization advances and it can protect a user's privacy effectively.

  (7) The present invention relates to the position information anonymization device of (5), wherein the perturbation means (e.g., equivalent to the perturbation unit 180 in FIG. 8) performs perturbation by reducing the radius r. A feature location information anonymization device is proposed.

  According to this invention, that is, in the present invention, since the time information is also perturbed and anonymized, anonymization proceeds sufficiently even if perturbation with a decreasing radius is allowed, and the user's Privacy can be effectively protected.

  (8) The present invention is a first step for generating a random number corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information (for example, corresponding to step S101 in FIG. 2). A second step (for example, corresponding to step S102 in FIG. 2) of generating coordinate information perturbed by adding the generated random number to the n-dimensional coordinates representing the true position information; The coordinate information is included in a solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as the central coordinate and the radius is r, and the radius r is determined according to the required anonymity. The time information is perturbed by adding a time width to the step 3 (for example, corresponding to step S103 in FIG. 2) and a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity for obtaining the time information at which the true position information is obtained. The fourth step for generating time information (E.g., corresponding to step S104 in FIG. 2) proposes a positional information anonymizing method characterized by comprising a, a.

  According to the present invention, a random number is generated corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, and the generated random number is assigned to an n-dimensional coordinate representing true position information. In addition, perturbed coordinate information is generated. Then, the true coordinate information is included in the solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as the center coordinate and the radius is r, and the radius r corresponding to the required anonymity is determined. Then, perturbed time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained. Therefore, the true position information is included in the solid figure formed by extending the solid formed by the perturbation of the position information in the time axis direction. Thereby, compared with the conventional anonymization method of position information, since the area | region expands in a time-axis direction, anonymization advances further and it can protect a user's privacy effectively.

  (9) The present invention corresponds to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is set as the center coordinates, and the radius is r. A first step of determining the radius r in accordance with the required anonymity (for example, corresponding to step S201 in FIG. 6), and a second step of performing perturbation by enlarging the radius r Time information that is perturbed by adding a time width to the time information according to a step (e.g., corresponding to step S202 in FIG. 6) and a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity for which the time information at which the true position information is obtained is obtained. A position information anonymization method characterized by comprising a third step (for example, corresponding to step S203 in FIG. 6).

  According to the present invention, when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the center coordinate and the radius is r, corresponding to the n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing the true position information. Then, perturbation is performed by determining the radius r according to the required anonymity and enlarging the radius r. Then, perturbed time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to anonymity for which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained. Therefore, the true position information is included in the solid figure formed by extending the solid formed by the perturbation of the position information in the time axis direction. Thereby, compared with the conventional anonymization method of position information, since the area | region expands in a time-axis direction, anonymization advances further and it can protect a user's privacy effectively. Further, by performing perturbation by enlarging the radius r, the area is further expanded, so that anonymization proceeds and the privacy of the user can be effectively protected.

  (10) The present invention corresponds to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is set as the center coordinates, and the radius is r. A first step of determining the radius r in accordance with the required anonymity (for example, corresponding to step S301 in FIG. 9), and a second step of performing perturbation by reducing the radius r. Time information that is perturbed by adding a time width to the time information according to a step (e.g., corresponding to step S302 in FIG. 9) and a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information is obtained is obtained. A position information anonymization method characterized by comprising a third step (for example, corresponding to step S303 in FIG. 9).

  According to the present invention, when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the center coordinate and the radius is r, corresponding to the n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing the true position information. Then, perturbation is performed by determining the radius r according to the required anonymity and reducing the radius r. Then, perturbed time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to anonymity for which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained. Therefore, the true position information is included in the solid figure formed by extending the solid formed by the perturbation of the position information in the time axis direction. Thereby, compared with the conventional anonymization method of position information, since the area | region expands in a time-axis direction, anonymization advances further and it can protect a user's privacy effectively. In the present invention, since time information is also perturbed and anonymized, even if perturbation with a decreasing radius is allowed, anonymization proceeds sufficiently to effectively protect user privacy. be able to.

  (11) In the present invention, the first step (for example, step S101 in FIG. 2) for generating a random number corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer equal to or greater than 2) representing true position information. And a second step (for example, corresponding to step S102 in FIG. 2) of generating coordinate information perturbed by adding the generated random number to the n-dimensional coordinate representing the true position information, The true coordinate information is included in a solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as a central coordinate and the radius is r, and the radius r corresponding to the required anonymity is A time width is added to the time information according to a third step to be determined (for example, corresponding to step S103 in FIG. 2) and a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity for obtaining the time information at which the true position information is obtained. Generate perturbed time information The fourth step (e.g., corresponding to step S104 of FIG. 2) which proposes a program for executing a, a.

  According to the present invention, a random number is generated corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, and the generated random number is assigned to an n-dimensional coordinate representing true position information. In addition, perturbed coordinate information is generated. Then, the true coordinate information is included in the solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as the center coordinate and the radius is r, and the radius r corresponding to the required anonymity is determined. Then, perturbed time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained. Therefore, the true position information is included in the solid figure formed by extending the solid formed by the perturbation of the position information in the time axis direction. Thereby, compared with the conventional anonymization method of position information, since the area | region expands in a time-axis direction, anonymization advances further and it can protect a user's privacy effectively.

  (12) According to the present invention, the computer corresponds to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing the true position information, the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is set as the center coordinates, and the radius Is set to r, the first step (for example, corresponding to step S201 in FIG. 6) for determining the radius r according to the required anonymity, and perturbation is performed by expanding the radius r. Perturbation by adding a time width to the time information according to a second step (e.g., corresponding to step S202 in FIG. 6) and a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity for obtaining the time information at which the true position information is obtained. A program for executing the third step (for example, corresponding to step S203 in FIG. 6) for generating the time information is proposed.

  According to the present invention, when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the center coordinate and the radius is r, corresponding to the n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing the true position information. Then, perturbation is performed by determining the radius r according to the required anonymity and enlarging the radius r. Then, perturbed time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to anonymity for which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained. Therefore, the true position information is included in the solid figure formed by extending the solid formed by the perturbation of the position information in the time axis direction. Thereby, compared with the conventional anonymization method of position information, since the area | region expands in a time-axis direction, anonymization advances further and it can protect a user's privacy effectively. Further, by performing perturbation by enlarging the radius r, the area is further expanded, so that anonymization proceeds and the privacy of the user can be effectively protected.

  (13) According to the present invention, the computer corresponds to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing the true position information, the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is set as the center coordinates, and the radius When r is set to r, perturbation is performed by reducing the radius r and a first step (for example, corresponding to step S301 in FIG. 9) for determining the radius r according to the required anonymity. Perturbation is performed by adding a time width to the time information according to a second step (for example, corresponding to step S302 in FIG. 9) and a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity for obtaining the time information at which the true position information is obtained. A program for executing the third step of generating the time information (for example, corresponding to step S303 in FIG. 9) is proposed.

  According to the present invention, when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the center coordinate and the radius is r, corresponding to the n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing the true position information. Then, perturbation is performed by determining the radius r according to the required anonymity and reducing the radius r. Then, perturbed time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to anonymity for which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained. Therefore, the true position information is included in the solid figure formed by extending the solid formed by the perturbation of the position information in the time axis direction. Thereby, compared with the conventional anonymization method of position information, since the area | region expands in a time-axis direction, anonymization advances further and it can protect a user's privacy effectively. In the present invention, since time information is also perturbed and anonymized, even if perturbation with a decreasing radius is allowed, anonymization proceeds sufficiently to effectively protect user privacy. be able to.

  According to the present invention, the privacy of the data owner can be effectively protected by anonymizing the time information and the position information at the same time.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the positional information anonymization apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the process of the positional information anonymization apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating perturbation by a movement. It is a figure which shows the mode at the time of giving perturbation to each of position information and time information. It is a figure which shows the structure of the positional information anonymization apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the process of the positional information anonymization apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating perturbation by expansion. It is a figure which shows the structure of the positional information anonymization apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the process of the positional information anonymization apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating perturbation by reduction.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Note that the constituent elements in the present embodiment can be appropriately replaced with existing constituent elements and the like, and various variations including combinations with other existing constituent elements are possible. Therefore, the description of the present embodiment does not limit the contents of the invention described in the claims.

<First Embodiment>
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

<Configuration of location information anonymization device>
As illustrated in FIG. 1, the position information anonymization device according to the present embodiment includes a random number generation unit 110, a coordinate generation unit 120, a determination unit 130, and a time information generation unit 140.

  The random number generation unit 110 generates a random number corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information. The coordinate generation unit 120 generates coordinate information that is perturbed by adding the generated random number to n-dimensional coordinates representing true position information.

  The determination unit 130 includes anonymity in which the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is included in the solid formed by the coordinate information generated when the generated coordinate information is the center coordinate and the radius is r, and is obtained. The radius r corresponding to the degree is determined. The time information generation unit 140 generates time information that is perturbed by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained.

<Processing of location information anonymization device>
The process of the location information anonymization apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, a random number is generated corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information (step S101), and the generated random number is represented as an n-dimensional coordinate representing true position information. The coordinate information added and perturbed is generated (step S102).

  Then, the true coordinate information is included in the solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as the center coordinate and the radius is r, and the radius r corresponding to the required anonymity is determined. Then, the time information obtained by adding the time width to the time information and perturbed is generated based on the value corresponding to the degree of anonymity for which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained (step S104).

Here, perturbation by movement will be described with reference to FIG.
Here, in order to facilitate understanding, a two-dimensional coordinate system will be described as an example, but the present invention can be expanded to two or more dimensions.

  The position information is represented as an area of a two-dimensional planar circle. That is, it is represented by a combination of the center coordinate (x, y) and the radius r. Here, the position information of the center coordinate (x, y) and the radius r is represented by <x, y, r>.

Let r ₀ be the radius with the smallest deviation and the highest accuracy. At this time, the appropriateness (the reciprocal of the anonymization degree) R (0 <R ≦ 1) is given by the following expression 1.

The perturbation operator is an operator that converts the position information A ₀ into A _f and satisfies the following conditions.

(1) R _f <R ₀ (R _f and R ₀ are relations of A _f and A ₀ (degree of conversion), respectively)
(2) A _f ∩A ₀ ≠ φ

For the position information A ₀ = <x ₀ , y ₀ , r ₀ >, the position information after the transformation that moves the center of the position information is A _f = <x _f , y _f , r _f > _Let d be the distance between the centers of A ₀ and A _f . A straight line connecting one of the points where two circles intersect with the center of _Af is defined as the x-axis. The angle between the straight line connecting the centers of A ₀ and A _f and the x axis is defined as θ.

Here, x _f and y _f are expressed as in Expression 2 using d and θ.

When the relationship between A ₀ and A _f is R ₀ and R _f and λ is Equation 3, the equation shown in Equation 4 is obtained.

Here, r _f is the radius of A _f . Since r _f = r ₀ , it can be simplified as shown in Equation 5, and d and θ can be obtained by solving the simultaneous equations.

  Next, by giving anonymization of time information, when the position information is two-dimensional, a cylinder as shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. At this time, the time information T, which is information on the time at the place, is converted into a value having a width in a certain range (t2−t1) such as (T + t1, T + t2). Random values are selected for t2 and t1 so that the volume of the cylinder exceeds a certain threshold.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, considering the case where the user moves, if a user who was in the circle of (1) at a certain time moves into the circle of (2), the movement is Since the position information corresponding to the cylinder of (1) continues to remain even after the completion, when viewed from a cross-section for a certain time, a user is in the circle of (1) or is in the circle of (2) It is difficult to determine whether or not. In this embodiment, the example of giving the perturbation for moving the center coordinate has been described, but in addition to this, the perturbation for expanding or decreasing the radius may be given.

<Second Embodiment>
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

<Configuration of location information anonymization device>
As shown in FIG. 5, the position information anonymization device according to the present embodiment includes a determination unit 150, a perturbation unit 160, and a time information generation unit 170.

  The determination unit 150 corresponds to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing the true position information, the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is set as the center coordinate, and the radius is r. The radius r according to the required anonymity is determined. The perturbation unit 160 perturbs by enlarging the radius r. The time information generation unit 170 generates time information that is perturbed by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity for which the time information from which the true position information is acquired is obtained.

<Processing of location information anonymization device>
Processing of the position information anonymization device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7.

  First, corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is set as the center coordinate and the radius is set to r. A radius r corresponding to the degree of anonymity is determined (step S201), and perturbation is performed by expanding the radius r (step S202). Then, perturbation time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to anonymity for which the time information at which the true position information is obtained is obtained (step S203).

Here, perturbation by movement will be described with reference to FIG.
Here, in order to facilitate understanding, a two-dimensional coordinate system will be described as an example, but the present invention can be expanded to two or more dimensions.

  The position information is represented as an area of a two-dimensional planar circle. That is, it is represented by a combination of the center coordinate (x, y) and the radius r. Here, the position information of the center coordinate (x, y) and the radius r is represented by <x, y, r>.

Let r ₀ be the radius with the smallest deviation and the highest accuracy. At this time, the appropriateness (the reciprocal of the anonymization degree) R (0 <R ≦ 1) is given by Expression 6 below.

The perturbation operator is an operator that converts the position information A ₀ into A _f and satisfies the following conditions.

(1) R _f <R ₀ (R _f and R ₀ are relations of A _f and A ₀ (degree of conversion), respectively)
(2) A _f ∩A ₀ ≠ φ

The position information A _f = <x _f , y _f , r _f > after the transformation for enlarging the radius is performed on the position information A ₀ = <x ₀ , y ₀ , r ₀ > At this time, r _f > r ₀ .

When the relationship between A ₀ and A _f is R ₀ and R _f , respectively, the radius is given by Equation 7.

  Next, by giving anonymization of time information, when the position information is two-dimensional, a cylinder as shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. At this time, the time information T, which is information on the time at the place, is converted into a value having a width in a certain range (t2−t1) such as (T + t1, T + t2). Random values are selected for t2 and t1 so that the volume of the cylinder exceeds a certain threshold.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, considering the case where the user moves, if a user who was in the circle of (1) at a certain time moves into the circle of (2), the movement is Since the position information corresponding to the cylinder of (1) continues to remain even after the completion, when viewed from a cross-section for a certain time, a user is in the circle of (1) or is in the circle of (2) It is difficult to determine whether or not. In the present embodiment, an example of giving a perturbation that expands the radius has been described, but in addition to this, a perturbation that moves the center coordinates or decreases the radius may be given.

<Third Embodiment>
A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

<Configuration of location information anonymization device>
As illustrated in FIG. 8, the position information anonymization device according to the present embodiment includes a determination unit 150, a perturbation unit 180, and a time information generation unit 170. In addition, about the component which attaches | subjects the same code | symbol as 1st Embodiment or 2nd Embodiment, since it has the same function, the detailed description is abbreviate | omitted.

  The perturbation unit 180 perturbs by expanding the radius r.

<Processing of location information anonymization device>
The process of the location information anonymization device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10.

  First, corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is set as the center coordinate and the radius is set to r. A radius r corresponding to the degree of anonymity is determined (step S301), and perturbation is performed by reducing the radius r (step S302). Then, perturbation time information is generated by adding a time width to the time information based on a value corresponding to the degree of anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information is acquired is obtained (step S303).

Here, perturbation by movement will be described with reference to FIG.
Here, in order to facilitate understanding, a two-dimensional coordinate system will be described as an example, but the present invention can be expanded to two or more dimensions.

  The position information is represented as an area of a two-dimensional planar circle. That is, it is represented by a combination of the center coordinate (x, y) and the radius r. Here, the position information of the center coordinate (x, y) and the radius r is represented by <x, y, r>.

Let r ₀ be the radius with the smallest deviation and the highest accuracy. At this time, the appropriateness (the reciprocal of the degree of anonymization) R (0 <R ≦ 1) is given by Equation 8 below.

The perturbation operator is an operator that converts the position information A ₀ into A _f and satisfies the following conditions.

(1) R _f <R ₀ (R _f and R ₀ are relations of A _f and A ₀ (degree of conversion), respectively)
(2) A _f ∩A ₀ ≠ φ

Let position information A ₀ = <x ₀ , y ₀ , r ₀ > be converted into a position where A _f = <x _f , y _f , r _f >. At this time, r _f <r ₀ .

When the relationship between A ₀ and A _f is R ₀ and R _f , respectively, the radius is given by Equation 9.

  Next, by giving anonymization of time information, when the position information is two-dimensional, a cylinder as shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. At this time, the time information T, which is information on the time at the place, is converted into a value having a width in a certain range (t2−t1) such as (T + t1, T + t2). Random values are selected for t2 and t1 so that the volume of the cylinder exceeds a certain threshold.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, considering the case where the user moves, if a user who was in the circle of (1) at a certain time moves into the circle of (2), the movement is Since the position information corresponding to the cylinder of (1) continues to remain even after the completion, when viewed from a cross-section for a certain time, a user is in the circle of (1) or is in the circle of (2) It is difficult to determine whether or not. In this embodiment, the example of giving the perturbation for decreasing the radius has been described, but in addition to this, the perturbation for moving the center coordinate or enlarging the radius may be given.

  Note that the location information anonymization device of the present invention is recorded by recording the processing of the location information anonymization device on a recording medium readable by a computer system, causing the location information anonymization device to read and execute the program recorded on the recording medium. Can be realized. The computer system here includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices.

  Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment) if a WWW (World Wide Web) system is used. The program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium. Here, the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line.

  The program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Furthermore, what can implement | achieve the function mentioned above in combination with the program already recorded on the computer system, what is called a difference file (difference program) may be sufficient.

  The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to the embodiments, and includes designs and the like that do not depart from the gist of the present invention.

110; random number generation unit 120; coordinate generation unit 130; determination unit 140; time information generation unit 150; determination unit 160; perturbation unit 170; time information generation unit 180;

Claims (13)

Random number generating means for generating a random number corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information;
Coordinate generating means for generating coordinate information perturbed by adding the generated random number to n-dimensional coordinates representing the true position information;
The coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is included in the solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as the central coordinate and the radius is r, and according to the required anonymity Determining means for determining the radius r;
Time information generating means for generating time information that is perturbed by adding a time width to the time information, according to anonymity for which the time information for obtaining the true position information is obtained;
A position information anonymization device comprising: Corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, anonymity is obtained when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the central coordinate and the radius is r. Determining means for determining the radius r according to the degree;
Perturbation means for perturbing the radius r;
Time information generating means for generating time information that is perturbed by adding a time width to the time information, according to anonymity for which the time information for obtaining the true position information is obtained;
A position information anonymization device comprising:   The position information anonymization device according to claim 2, wherein the perturbation unit performs perturbation by enlarging the radius r.   The position information anonymization device according to claim 2, wherein the perturbation unit performs perturbation by reducing the radius r.   The position information anonymization device according to claim 1, further comprising perturbation means for perturbing the radius r within a range that is included in the solid and satisfies the required anonymity.   The position information anonymization device according to claim 5, wherein the perturbation unit performs perturbation by enlarging the radius r.   The position information anonymization device according to claim 5, wherein the perturbation unit performs perturbation by reducing the radius r. A first step of generating a random number corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information;
A second step of generating coordinate information perturbed by adding the generated random number to n-dimensional coordinates representing the true position information;
The true coordinate information is included in a solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as a central coordinate and the radius is r, and the radius r corresponding to the required anonymity is A third step of determining;
A fourth step of generating time information perturbed by adding a time width to the time information by a value according to anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information was obtained is obtained;
A location information anonymization method characterized by comprising: Corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, anonymity is obtained when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the central coordinate and the radius is r. A first step of determining the radius r according to degrees;
A second step of perturbing by enlarging the radius r;
A third step of generating time information perturbed by adding a time width to the time information by a value according to anonymity from which the time information obtained from the true position information is obtained;
A location information anonymization method characterized by comprising: Corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, anonymity is obtained when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the central coordinate and the radius is r. A first step of determining the radius r according to degrees;
A second step of perturbing by reducing the radius r;
A third step of generating time information perturbed by adding a time width to the time information by a value according to anonymity from which the time information obtained from the true position information is obtained;
A location information anonymization method characterized by comprising: On the computer,
A first step of generating a random number corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information;
A second step of generating coordinate information perturbed by adding the generated random number to n-dimensional coordinates representing the true position information;
The true coordinate information is included in a solid formed by using the generated coordinate information as a central coordinate and the radius is r, and the radius r corresponding to the required anonymity is A third step of determining;
A fourth step of generating time information perturbed by adding a time width to the time information by a value according to anonymity from which the time information at which the true position information was obtained is obtained;
A program for running On the computer,
Corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, anonymity is obtained when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the central coordinate and the radius is r. A first step of determining the radius r according to degrees;
A second step of perturbing by enlarging the radius r;
A third step of generating time information perturbed by adding a time width to the time information by a value according to anonymity from which the time information obtained from the true position information is obtained;
A program for running On the computer,
Corresponding to an n-dimensional coordinate system (n is an integer of 2 or more) representing true position information, anonymity is obtained when the coordinate information corresponding to the true position information is the central coordinate and the radius is r. A first step of determining the radius r according to degrees;
A second step of perturbing by enlarging the radius r;
A third step of generating time information perturbed by adding a time width to the time information by a value according to anonymity from which the time information obtained from the true position information is obtained;
A program for running

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