JP2013116982A - Composite flame retardant, flame-retardant resin composition and production method therefor - Google Patents
Composite flame retardant, flame-retardant resin composition and production method therefor Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、赤リンを含有する複合難燃剤、難燃性樹脂組成物およびその製造方法、特にスチレン系樹脂を難燃化できる複合難燃剤、スチレン系難燃性樹脂組成物およびその製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a composite flame retardant containing red phosphorus, a flame retardant resin composition and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a composite flame retardant capable of flame-retarding a styrene resin, a styrene flame retardant resin composition and a method for producing the same. .
赤リンは、合成樹脂の難燃剤として古くから使用されており、少量添加で難燃化できることから樹脂本来の物性を低下させず、ハロゲンを含まないため樹脂組成物製造段階や使用段階で装置を腐食することがなく、環境的にも優しいという利点を有する産業上有用な難燃剤である。一方、ポリスチレンは機械的強度、成形加工性に優れたコストパフォーマンスの高い材料であり、この難燃グレードは家電用途、事務機器の部品用途に多用されている。また、ＡＢＳ樹脂は、機械的強度、成形加工性に加え、ポリマーアロイ、ポリマーブレンドに広く利用され、高機能化しうる樹脂である。これらの樹脂においてもノンハロゲン化が多数検討されている。 Red phosphorus has long been used as a flame retardant for synthetic resins, and since it can be made flame retardant by adding a small amount, it does not deteriorate the original physical properties of the resin and does not contain halogen. It is an industrially useful flame retardant having the advantage of being not corroded and being environmentally friendly. On the other hand, polystyrene is a material with excellent mechanical strength and molding processability and high cost performance. This flame retardant grade is widely used for home appliances and office machine parts. ABS resin is a resin that is widely used in polymer alloys and polymer blends in addition to mechanical strength and moldability, and can be highly functionalized. Many non-halogenated resins have been studied for these resins.
赤リン系難燃剤はノンハロゲン化の難燃剤として知られているが、このようなスチレン骨格を含有する樹脂に対して単独で使用する場合、難燃化が難しい。
例えば、特許文献１にはＡＢＳ１００質量部に対し赤リン１５質量部、メラミン１０質量部を混練してもＵＬ−９４試験に合格せず、ＡＢＳ系樹脂中のパラメチルスチレン含有量を限定することによって難燃化されることが示されている。また、特許文献２には、ＨＩＰＳ、赤リン、リン酸メラミンまたはピロリン酸メラミンからなる組成物がＵＬ−９４試験のＶ−０に合格することが示されている。
Red phosphorus flame retardants are known as non-halogenated flame retardants. However, when used alone for such a resin containing a styrene skeleton, flame retardant is difficult.
For example, Patent Document 1 does not pass the UL-94 test even when kneading 15 parts by weight of red phosphorus and 10 parts by weight of melamine with respect to 100 parts by weight of ABS, and limits the content of paramethylstyrene in the ABS resin. Has been shown to be flame retardant. Patent Document 2 shows that a composition comprising HIPS, red phosphorus, melamine phosphate or melamine pyrophosphate passes V-0 of the UL-94 test.
しかしながら、特許文献１は、使用するＡＢＳが制限されるため、汎用性が低下する処方である。また、特許文献２で使用されるリン酸メラミンやピロリン酸メラミンは水１００ｇに対する溶解度が０．４ｇ程度と比較的高く、樹脂組成物にした後空気中の水分により溶出し外観不良や樹脂物性低下をもたらす場合がある。このように、ハロゲン系難燃剤として有効な赤リン系難燃剤を用いて幅広く樹脂を難燃化する処方、特にスチレン系樹脂を難燃化する処方がこれまで提案されてこなかった。 However, Patent Document 1 is a prescription in which versatility decreases because the ABS to be used is limited. In addition, melamine phosphate and melamine pyrophosphate used in Patent Document 2 have a relatively high solubility of about 0.4 g with respect to 100 g of water, and are eluted with moisture in the air after being made into a resin composition, resulting in poor appearance and poor resin properties. May bring. As described above, there has not been proposed a prescription for making a resin flame retardant widely, particularly a prescription for making a styrene resin flame retardant, using a red phosphorus flame retardant effective as a halogen flame retardant.
本発明は、幅広い樹脂、特にスチレン系樹脂において、赤リン系難燃剤の難燃効果を増強、促進する併用剤を含有し、外観や樹脂物性を低下させない樹脂組成物、およびその製造方法を提供するものである。 The present invention provides a resin composition that contains a concomitant agent that enhances and accelerates the flame retardant effect of a red phosphorus flame retardant in a wide range of resins, particularly styrene resins, and does not deteriorate the appearance and resin properties, and a method for producing the same. To do.
かかる課題を解決する本発明の複合難燃剤、難燃性樹脂組成物およびその製造方法は以下の通りである。
（１）赤リンおよび亜リン酸金属塩を含有する複合難燃剤。
（２）赤リンおよび亜リン酸金属塩の質量比が１：１〜１：５であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の複合難燃剤。
（３）亜リン酸金属塩がアルミニウム塩であることを特徴とする請求項１または２記載の複合難燃剤。
（４）熱可塑性樹脂１００質量部、赤リン系難燃剤５〜１０質量部、亜リン酸金属塩１０〜４０質量部からなる難燃性樹脂組成物。
（５）熱可塑性樹脂がスチレン系樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請求項４記載の難燃性樹脂組成物。
（６）熱可塑性樹脂１００質量部に赤リン系難燃剤５〜１０質量部、亜リン酸金属塩１０〜４０質量部を添加して製造することを特徴とする難燃性樹脂組成物の製造方法。
（７）熱可塑性樹脂がスチレン系樹脂を含有することを特徴とする請求項６記載の難燃性樹脂組成物の製造方法。
The composite flame retardant, flame retardant resin composition and production method thereof of the present invention for solving such problems are as follows.
(1) A composite flame retardant containing red phosphorus and a metal salt of phosphorous acid.
(2) The composite flame retardant according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of red phosphorus and metal phosphite is 1: 1 to 1: 5.
(3) The composite flame retardant according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal phosphite salt is an aluminum salt.
(4) A flame retardant resin composition comprising 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin, 5 to 10 parts by mass of a red phosphorus flame retardant, and 10 to 40 parts by mass of a metal phosphite.
(5) The flame retardant resin composition according to claim 4, wherein the thermoplastic resin contains a styrene resin.
(6) Manufacture of a flame retardant resin composition characterized by adding 5 to 10 parts by mass of a red phosphorus flame retardant and 10 to 40 parts by mass of a metal phosphite to 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin. Method.
(7) The method for producing a flame retardant resin composition according to claim 6, wherein the thermoplastic resin contains a styrene resin.
本発明によれば、幅広い樹脂に適用しうるノンハロゲン系複合難燃剤、この複合難燃剤を含有する難燃性樹脂組成物、およびその製造方法を提供することができる。特に、赤リン系難燃剤単独では難燃化の難しいスチレン系樹脂を含有する樹脂を難燃化でき、その樹脂組成物、樹脂組成物製造方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a halogen-free composite flame retardant that can be applied to a wide range of resins, a flame retardant resin composition containing this composite flame retardant, and a method for producing the same. In particular, a resin containing a styrene resin that is difficult to be flame retardant can be flame retardant with a red phosphorus flame retardant alone, and a resin composition and a method for producing the resin composition can be provided.
以下、本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の具体的な技術的事項に限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific technical matters.
（複合難燃剤）
本発明に使用する赤リン系難燃剤は、合成樹脂用難燃剤として市場で一般的に入手できる赤リン系難燃剤であればよいが、熱硬化性樹脂および／または無機物で被覆されたものが取扱い安全性、安定性が優れているので、作業安全性、樹脂組成物の安定性の点で優れたものとなる。
本発明に使用する亜リン酸金属塩はアルミニウム塩、亜鉛塩、マグネシウム塩等限定されるものではないが、アルミニウム塩が特に好ましい。また、亜リン酸の互変異性体としてホスホン酸があり、流通過程ではホスホン酸と称されるものの塩も本発明の亜リン酸金属塩に含み、例えば、亜リン酸アルミニウムの場合、示性式ＡｌＰＯ３に加え、Ａｌ２（ＨＰＯ３）３も範囲に入るものとし、亜リン酸アルミニウムとしては太平化学産業社製「ＡＰＡ−１００」が容易に入手できる。
赤リンおよび亜リン酸金属塩を含有する複合難燃剤の難燃機構は定かではないが、亜リン酸金属塩が発泡性であり、赤リン系難燃剤と断熱性の層を形成し、熱や燃料の供給を遮断するためと推測される。赤リンおよび亜リン酸金属塩の質量比は１：１〜１：５であることが特に好ましく、赤リンの質量比がこの範囲よりも低いと難燃効果が低く、亜リン酸金属塩の質量比がこの範囲よりも高くても難燃性は向上せず、また、樹脂組成物となった際に本来の樹脂物性から低下してしまうので好ましくない。本発明の複合難燃剤は熱可塑性樹脂の難燃化に効果があり、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン樹脂（ＨＩＰＳ）、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン樹脂（ＡＢＳ）、アクリロニトリルスチレン樹脂等のポリスチレン系樹脂では赤リン系難燃剤単独では難燃効果が得られにくいので、スチレン系樹脂に対して特に有用な難燃剤となる。
(Composite flame retardant)
The red phosphorus flame retardant used in the present invention may be any red phosphorus flame retardant that is generally available on the market as a flame retardant for synthetic resin, but it is coated with a thermosetting resin and / or an inorganic substance. Since it is excellent in handling safety and stability, it is excellent in terms of work safety and stability of the resin composition.
The metal phosphite salt used in the present invention is not limited to aluminum salts, zinc salts, magnesium salts, etc., but aluminum salts are particularly preferred. Further, phosphonic acid is a tautomer of phosphorous acid, and a salt of what is called phosphonic acid in the distribution process is also included in the metal phosphite of the present invention. For example, in the case of aluminum phosphite, In addition to the formula AlPO3, Al2 (HPO3) 3 is also in the range, and “APA-100” manufactured by Taihei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. can be easily obtained as aluminum phosphite.
The flame retardant mechanism of composite flame retardant containing red phosphorus and phosphite metal salt is not clear, but the metal phosphite salt is foaming and forms a heat insulating layer with the red phosphorus flame retardant. It is presumed to cut off the fuel supply. The mass ratio of red phosphorus and metal phosphite is particularly preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5. If the mass ratio of red phosphorus is lower than this range, the flame retardant effect is low. Even if the mass ratio is higher than this range, the flame retardancy is not improved, and when it becomes a resin composition, it deteriorates from the original resin properties, which is not preferable. The composite flame retardant of the present invention is effective for making a thermoplastic resin flame retardant, and is a red phosphorus flame retardant for polystyrene resins such as impact-resistant polystyrene resin (HIPS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin (ABS), and acrylonitrile styrene resin. Since it is difficult to obtain a flame retardant effect by itself, it becomes a particularly useful flame retardant for styrene resins.
（難燃性樹脂組成物）
本発明の難燃性樹脂組成物は、熱可塑性樹脂１００質量部、赤リン系難燃剤５〜１０質量部、亜リン酸金属塩１０〜４０質量部からなる。赤リン系難燃剤が５質量部未満では十分な難燃性が得られず、１０質量部を超えても難燃性に対する効果はそれ以上上がらず、経済性、樹脂組成物の物性の面からも好ましくない。亜リン酸金属塩が１０質量部未満では赤リン系難燃剤との難燃性向上の相乗効果は低く、４０質量部を超えても難燃性に対する効果はそれ以上上がらず、経済性、樹脂組成物の物性の面からも好ましくない。熱可塑性樹脂は、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン樹脂（ＨＩＰＳ）、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン樹脂（ＡＢＳ）、アクリロニトリルスチレン樹脂等のポリスチレン系樹脂では赤リン系難燃剤の難燃効果が得られにくいので、特に有用な難燃樹脂組成物となる。
(Flame retardant resin composition)
The flame retardant resin composition of the present invention comprises 100 parts by mass of a thermoplastic resin, 5 to 10 parts by mass of a red phosphorus flame retardant, and 10 to 40 parts by mass of a metal phosphite salt. If the red phosphorus flame retardant is less than 5 parts by mass, sufficient flame retardancy cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 10 parts by mass, the effect on flame retardancy does not increase any more, from the viewpoints of economy and physical properties of the resin composition. Is also not preferred. If the metal phosphite salt is less than 10 parts by mass, the synergistic effect of improving the flame retardancy with the red phosphorus flame retardant is low, and even if it exceeds 40 parts by mass, the effect on flame retardancy does not increase any more, and the economy, resin It is not preferable from the viewpoint of the physical properties of the composition. Thermoplastic resins are particularly useful because they are difficult to obtain the flame retardant effect of red phosphorus flame retardants with polystyrene resins such as impact-resistant polystyrene resins (HIPS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resins (ABS), and acrylonitrile styrene resins. It becomes a fuel resin composition.
（難燃性樹脂組成物の製造方法）
本発明の難燃性樹脂組成物の製造方法は、熱可塑性樹脂１００質量部に赤リン系難燃剤５〜１０質量部、亜リン酸金属塩１０〜４０質量部を添加して製造することを特徴とし、赤リン系難燃剤および亜リン酸金属塩はそれぞれ添加しても、複合難燃剤として入手しうる場合はその複合難燃剤を添加する方法であってもよい。それぞれを添加する割合は、熱可塑性樹脂１００質量部に対し赤リン系難燃剤５〜１０質量部、亜リン酸金属塩１０〜４０質量部を添加し、赤リン系難燃剤が５質量部未満では十分な難燃性が得られず、１０質量部を超えても難燃性に対する効果はそれほど上がらず、経済性、樹脂組成物の物性の面からも好ましくない。亜リン酸金属塩が１０質量部未満では赤リン系難燃剤との難燃性向上の相乗効果は低く、４０質量部を超えても難燃性に対する効果はそれほど上がらず、経済性、樹脂組成物の物性の面からも好ましくない。熱可塑性樹脂は、エチレン酢酸ビニル樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、耐衝撃性ポリスチレン樹脂（ＨＩＰＳ）、アクリロニトリルブタジエンスチレン樹脂（ＡＢＳ）、アクリロニトリルスチレン樹脂等のポリスチレン系樹脂が好ましく、特にポリスチレン系樹脂では赤リン系難燃剤の難燃効果が得られにくいので、特に有用な難燃樹脂組成物となる。
(Method for producing flame retardant resin composition)
The method for producing the flame retardant resin composition of the present invention is to produce by adding 5 to 10 parts by mass of a red phosphorus flame retardant and 10 to 40 parts by mass of a metal phosphite to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. As a feature, the red phosphorus flame retardant and the metal phosphite metal salt may be added, respectively, or when the composite flame retardant is available, the method of adding the composite flame retardant may be used. The proportion of each added is 5 to 10 parts by weight of the red phosphorus flame retardant and 10 to 40 parts by weight of the metal phosphite with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin, and the red phosphorus flame retardant is less than 5 parts by weight. However, sufficient flame retardancy cannot be obtained, and even if it exceeds 10 parts by mass, the effect on flame retardancy does not increase so much, which is not preferable from the viewpoints of economy and physical properties of the resin composition. When the metal phosphite salt is less than 10 parts by mass, the synergistic effect of improving the flame retardancy with the red phosphorus flame retardant is low, and even if it exceeds 40 parts by mass, the effect on flame retardancy is not so much improved, economic efficiency, resin composition It is not preferable from the viewpoint of physical properties of the material. The thermoplastic resin is preferably a polystyrene resin such as ethylene vinyl acetate resin, polystyrene resin, high-impact polystyrene resin (HIPS), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin (ABS), or acrylonitrile styrene resin. Since the flame retardant effect of the flame retardant is difficult to obtain, a particularly useful flame retardant resin composition is obtained.
以下、本発明の実施例１〜５を比較例１〜３と共に挙げ、本発明をより詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention will be described together with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, and the present invention will be described in more detail.
赤リン系難燃剤Ａ：燐化学工業社製ノーバレッド１２０ＵＦ（赤リン分７８％）
赤リン系難燃剤Ｂ：燐化学工業社製ノーバエクセル１４０（赤リン分９４％）
亜リン酸アルミニウム：太平化学産業社製ＡＰＡ−１００
リン酸メラミン：リン酸とメラミンをモル比１．２８となるように水と共に混合し、沸騰状態で１時間加熱し、リン酸メラミンの結晶を合成し、ろ過、乾燥して得た。
ＨＩＰＳ：ＰＳジャパン社製ＰＳＪ−ポリスチレンＨＴ６０
ＡＢＳ：旭化成ケミカルズ社製スタイラック−ＡＢＳ ３２１
亜リン酸アルミニウムとリン酸メラミンの溶解度を測定したところ、亜リン酸アルミニウムは０．０５ｇ／水１００ｇ（２０℃）であり、リン酸メラミンは０．４ｇ／水１００ｇ（２０℃）であった。
Red phosphorus flame retardant A: Nova Red 120UF manufactured by Rin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (78% red phosphorus content)
Red phosphorus flame retardant B: Nova Excel 140 manufactured by Rin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (94% red phosphorus content)
Aluminum phosphite: APA-100 manufactured by Taihei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
Melamine phosphate: Phosphoric acid and melamine were mixed with water so as to have a molar ratio of 1.28, heated in a boiling state for 1 hour to synthesize crystals of melamine phosphate, filtered and dried.
HIPS: PS Japan PSJ-polystyrene HT60
ABS: Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation Stylac-ABS 321
When the solubility of aluminum phosphite and melamine phosphate was measured, aluminum phosphite was 0.05 g / 100 g water (20 ° C.), and melamine phosphate was 0.4 g / 100 g water (20 ° C.). .
（実施例１〜５および比較例1〜３）
赤リン系難燃剤Ａ、赤リン系難燃剤Ｂ、亜リン酸アルミニウム、リン酸メラミンを表１の複合難燃剤に示した質量比で混合し、表１の配合となるよう熱可塑性樹脂と混合した。これらを東洋精機社製「ラボプラストミル ４Ｍ１５０」にて混練しペレット化した後、金型を用いて東洋精機社製「ミニテストプレス １０」にて試験片を作成した。このようにして作成した試験片を用いて、ＵＬ−９４燃焼試験および耐湿性試験を行い結果を表１に記載した。
(Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-3)
Red phosphorus flame retardant A, red phosphorus flame retardant B, aluminum phosphite, and melamine phosphate are mixed in the mass ratio shown in the composite flame retardant shown in Table 1 and mixed with a thermoplastic resin so as to have the composition shown in Table 1. did. These were kneaded and pelletized by “Lab Plast Mill 4M150” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd., and a test piece was prepared using “Mini Test Press 10” manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd. using a mold. Using the test piece thus prepared, a UL-94 combustion test and a moisture resistance test were performed, and the results are shown in Table 1.
（ＵＬ−９４燃焼試験の方法）
ＵＬ−９４の垂直燃焼試験方法に従い、厚さ３．２ｍｍの試験片を用いて行った。燃焼性の評価結果としては、その規格に対応した「Ｖ−０」、「Ｖ−１」、「Ｖ−２」とした。なお、具体的には以下の手順によって評価する。まず、試験片を５枚ずつ用意し、垂直状に支持した短冊状試験片に対して下側からバーナー炎をあてて１０秒間保ち、その後、バーナー炎を試験片から離す。炎が消えれば直ちにバーナー炎をさらに１０秒間あてた後、バーナー炎を離す。このとき、１回目と２回目の接炎終了後の有炎燃焼持続時間、２回目の接炎終了後の有炎燃焼持続時間及び無炎燃焼持続時間の合計、５枚全ての試験片の有炎燃焼時間の合計、燃焼滴下物による標識用綿の着火の有無で判定する。「Ｖ−０」は、１回目、２回目ともに１０秒以内に、「Ｖ−１」、「Ｖ−２」は、１回目、２回目ともに３０秒以内に有炎燃焼を終えたときである。また、２回目の有炎燃焼持続時間と無炎燃焼持続時間との合計が「Ｖ−０」は３０秒以内、「Ｖ−１」、「Ｖ−２」は６０秒以内である。さらに、５枚の試験片の有炎燃焼時間の合計が「Ｖ−０」は５０秒以内、「Ｖ−１」および「Ｖ−２」は２５０秒以内である。標識用綿の着火は「Ｖ−２」のみに許容される。したがって、難燃性の高さは、「Ｖ−０」＞「Ｖ−１」＞「Ｖ−２」の順位である。
(UL-94 combustion test method)
According to the UL-94 vertical combustion test method, a test piece having a thickness of 3.2 mm was used. The evaluation results of flammability were “V-0”, “V-1”, and “V-2” corresponding to the standard. Specifically, the evaluation is performed according to the following procedure. First, five test pieces are prepared, and a burner flame is applied to the strip-shaped test piece that is vertically supported from the lower side for 10 seconds, and then the burner flame is separated from the test piece. Immediately after the flame has disappeared, apply the burner flame for another 10 seconds, and then release the burner flame. At this time, the total of the flammable combustion duration after the first and second flame contact, the flaming combustion duration and the flameless combustion duration after the second flame contact, the presence of all five test pieces Judgment is made based on the total flame burning time and the presence or absence of ignition of the labeling cotton by burning drops. “V-0” is the time when the first and second times are finished within 10 seconds, and “V-1” and “V-2” are the times when the first and second times are finished within 30 seconds. . The total of the second flammable combustion duration and the flameless combustion duration is within 30 seconds for “V-0” and within 60 seconds for “V-1” and “V-2”. Further, the total of the flammable combustion times of the five test pieces is within 50 seconds for “V-0”, and within 250 seconds for “V-1” and “V-2”. Ignition of marking cotton is allowed only for “V-2”. Therefore, the high flame retardancy is in the order of “V-0”>“V-1”> “V-2”.
（耐湿性試験の方法）
金型を用いて１００ｍｍ×１００ｍｍ×２ｍｍの試験片を作成し、温度６５℃、相対湿度９５％に調節した恒温恒湿器で２８日間処理した後、試験片表面の外観変化を目視により観察し、異常がないものを○、析出物あるいはフクレのあるものを×とした。
A test piece of 100 mm x 100 mm x 2 mm was prepared using a mold, treated for 28 days with a thermo-hygrostat adjusted to a temperature of 65 ° C and a relative humidity of 95%, and then the appearance change of the test piece surface was visually observed. The case where there was no abnormality was shown as ◯, and the case where there was a precipitate or blister was shown as x.
本発明は、合成樹脂の難燃化において、ノンハロゲン系難燃剤として幅広い樹脂に適用しうる複合難燃剤、難燃性樹脂組成物およびその製造方法として利用しうるものである。特に、機械的強度、成形加工性、コストパフォーマンスの優れたスチレン系樹脂に対して、ノンハロゲン系複合難燃剤、難燃性樹脂組成物およびその製造方法に使用しうるものである。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used as a composite flame retardant, a flame retardant resin composition, and a method for producing the same that can be applied to a wide range of resins as non-halogen flame retardants in flame retardant of synthetic resins. In particular, it can be used for a halogen-free composite flame retardant, a flame retardant resin composition, and a production method thereof for a styrene resin having excellent mechanical strength, molding processability, and cost performance.
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| CN116903954A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-10-20 | 广州银塑阻燃新材料股份有限公司 | Efficient flame-retardant red phosphorus master batch with low phosphine release amount and preparation method thereof |
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