JP2012529501A - ホスファチジルエタノールアミンを含む音響感受性薬物送達粒子 - Google Patents
ホスファチジルエタノールアミンを含む音響感受性薬物送達粒子 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、動物における定められた容積での制御された薬物送達及び放出のための非ラメラ形成両親媒性脂質を含む粒子に関する。具体的には、本発明は、音響感受性薬物輸送粒子(例、リポソーム)、ならびにその組成物、方法、及び使用に関する。
標的化された薬物送達の欠如によって治療対毒性比率が低下し、そのため医学的治療が限定される。この限定は、細胞分裂阻害薬物の全身投与が全ての分裂細胞に影響を及ぼし、用量制限を課す腫瘍学において特に明白である。故に、健常組織に対する毒性が無視でき、疾患標的での治療用薬物のより効率的な送達についての明らかな必要性が存在する。この課題は、罹患容積への途中で健常組織を保護するシェル中に薬物を封入することによりある程度まで適応されてきた。そのような保護シェルは、多くの異なるコロイド粒子(例えばリポソーム又は他の脂質分散系など)及びポリマー粒子を含みうる。しかし、そのような薬物送達粒子の開発は、2つの対立する課題:カプセル化薬物の罹患部位での効率的な放出、一方健常組織における緩徐な非特異的分解又は受動拡散の維持、に直面してきた。現在、これが薬物送達における主な課題を構成している(Drummond, Meyer et al. 1999)。
DOPEは、本明細書において、1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミンを意味する。
DSPCは、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3ホスホコリン又は、つまり、ジステアロイルホスファチジルコリンを意味する。
DSPEは、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミンすなわちジステアロイルホスファチジルエタノールアミンを意味する。
DSPE−PEGXXXXは、1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン−N−[メトキシ(ポリエチレングリコール)−XXXXを意味し、ここで、XXXXは、ポリエチレングリコール部分の分子量を表す(例えば、DSPE−PEG2000又はDSPE−PEG5000)。
ISFは、本明細書において、逆構造形成を意味する。
n−アルコールは、n個の炭素原子を有する任意のアルコールを意味する。
PCは、本明細書において、任意の組成のアシル鎖を有するホスファチジルコリンを意味する。
PEは、任意の組成のアシル鎖長を有するホスファチジルエタノールアミンを意味する。
PEGは、ポリエチレングリコール又はその誘導体を意味する。
PEGXXXXは、ポリエチレングリコール又はその誘導体を意味し、ここで、XXXXはポリエチレングリコール部分の分子量を表す。
POPEは、本明細書において、1−パルミトイル−2−オレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミンを意味する。
SOPEは、本明細書において、1−ステアロイル−2−オレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミンを意味する。
「US」は、本明細書において、超音波を意味する。
「US感受性」、「音波感受性」又は「音響感受性」は、本明細書において、音響エネルギーへの曝露時にそのペイロードを放出する、物体(例えば、粒子)の能力を意味する。
名目上の濃度は、リポソーム膜中の又は水和媒体中の構成物の初期(所与の容積当たりの秤量された量)濃度を意味する。
逆構造形成脂質(ISF脂質)は、本明細書において、H<1の自発曲率を伴う、即ち、円錐様形状の両親媒性脂質を意味する。
本明細書において言及するリン脂質、コレステロール、PEG−脂質及びヘキサノールの濃度は、別に記載しない限り、名目上の値である。
本発明者らは、粒状物質中への特定のホスファチジルエタノールアミン(PE)の導入が、前記物質の音波感受性、ひいては音響エネルギーへの曝露の間に封入された薬物を放出するその能力を増強することを見出した。したがって、本発明は、長鎖及び/又は不飽和ホスファチジルエタノールアミン脂質を含む音波感受性粒状物質に関する。
(式中、vは脂質分子で構成される(spanned)容積であり、aは極性頭部の面積であり、lは分子の長さである)の通りに記載してもよい(Ole G. Mouritsen, Life - as a matter of fat, Springer 2005, pp.46-51 for an introductionを参照のこと)。P=1の脂質分子は、一般的には、ラメラ二重層を形成し、1からの偏差は非ラメラ構造につながる。パラメーターP<1の脂質は、通常、六角形(HI)相又はミセルを形成し、P>1の脂質は逆構造(例、立体、逆六角形(HII)又は逆ミセル)を形成する。理論に制限されることなく、本発明者らは、充填パラメーター値P>1の長鎖及び/又は不飽和PEが音波感受性を与えると考える。
実施例1:蛍光薬物マーカーカルセインを含むリポソームの調製
DSPC、DSPE、DOPE及びDSPE−PEG2000を、Genzyme Pharmaceuticals(Liestal, Switzerland)から購入した。コレステロール、カルセイン、HEPES、TRITON−X100(10%溶液)、アジ化ナトリウム及びスクロースを、Sigma Aldrichから得た。ヘキサノールは、BDH Chemicals Ltd.(Poole, England)により供給された。
リポソームを、十分に確立された方法の使用により、重要な物理化学的特性(粒子サイズ、pH及び浸透圧など)に関して性質評価した。
リポソームサンプルを、Huang and MacDonald(Huang and Macdonald 2004)に開示された、注文製のサンプルチャンバー中で6分まで20又は40kHzの超音波に曝露した。USパワーサプライ及びコンバーターシステムは、2つのシステム:(1)直径6.35cmのトランスデューサーを有する「Vibra-Cell」超音波プロセッサー、VC750、20kHzユニット又は(2)19mmカップホーンプローブ(cup horn probe)を有する「Vibra-Cell」超音波プロセッサー、VC754、40kHzユニット、の1つであった(両方ともSonics and Materials, Inc. (USA)から購入した)。圧力測定を、Bruel and Kjaerハイドロホン8103型を用いて行った。両方のシステムを、最低の可能な振幅、即ち、最大振幅の20〜21%で実行した。20kHzシステムについて、これは、0.9〜1.2W/cm2のトランスデューサーインプットパワー及び約460kPaのピーク−ピークトランスデューサー圧力(peak−to−peak transducer pressure)に変更する。
を放出定量のために使用する。
蛍光測定を、光電子増倍管R3896(Hamamatsu, Japan)を備えた発光分光計モデルLS50B(Perkin Elmer, Norwalk, CT)又は科学グレード検出器を有するQE6500分光計(Ocean Optics B.V., Duiven, The Netherlands)のいずれかを用いて行った。蛍光測定は、当業者に周知である。
2つのリポソーム製剤(90モル%DSPC及び10モル%DSPE−PEG2000から構成され、ヘキサノールを含む又は含まないのいずれか)を、実施例1に従って調製した。ヘキサノールを含むリポソームについて、カルセイン溶液(水和液)を60mM濃度のヘキサノールでドープした。ヘキサノール含有リポソームのサイズは82nmと測定され、非ヘキサノール含有リポソームは95nmと測定された(サイズ測定方法については実施例2を参照のこと)。リポソーム(1:500v/v希釈)をUSチャンバーにおいて20kHzに曝露し、カルセイン放出の割合を0.5、1、2及び4分の超音波処理後での蛍光測定により評価した(US放出及び定量方法については実施例3を参照のこと)。図1は、ヘキサノールを含むリポソーム製剤(黒点)について、音波感受性が改善され、4分の超音波処理の後に、ヘキサノールを含まないリポソーム製剤(白四角)に比較して、20%(絶対値で)のカルセイン放出の増加を与えたことを示す。
安定なリポソーム製剤の開発は、しばしば、膜中でのステロールの包含を要求する。また、リポソームサイズは、超音波感受性に影響を及ぼすことが知られている。従って、音波感受性に対するヘキサノールの導入の効果を、50モル%DSPC、10モル%DSPE−PEG2000及び40モル%コレステロールからなる同様なサイズのリポソームについて評価した。リポソームにカルセインを先に記載した通りに入れ、ヘキサノール及び非ヘキサノール含有リポソームのサイズはそれぞれ88nm及び89nmと測定された。ヘキサノールを含むリポソームの調製のために、カルセイン溶液(水和液)を60mM濃度のヘキサノールでドープした。
ヘキサノールを含むリポソーム製剤に対するPEの効果を評価するために、77モル%DSPC又は77モル%DSPEのいずれかで構成されるリポソームを研究した。両方の製剤は、さらに、20モル%コレステロール及び3モル%DSPE−PEG2000からなっていた。カルセイン溶液(水和液)は50mMヘキサノールを含んでいた。DSPCベースのリポソーム及びDSPEベースのリポソームのサイズはそれぞれ80nm及び84nmであった。超音波実験を20kHzで実施し、カルセイン放出の割合を、0.5、1、1.5、2及び6分の超音波曝露後の蛍光測定により評価した。
上に開示した通り、USに対するリポソームの感受性は、ヘキサノール及び/又はPE脂質の包含により影響される。リポソームの音波感受性に対するアルコール及び/又はPE脂質の効果をさらに研究するために、多変量解析デザインを行った。最初の解析デザインは、DSPE及びヘキサノールの量を異なるレベルに変動させた11個の異なる製剤を含んでいた(表5を参照のこと)。全ての製剤について、コレステロール及びDSPE−PEG2000のレベルをそれぞれ20及び3モル%で一定に保った。
実施例7における試験を、ヘキサノールを含まないDSPEリポソーム製剤を含むように拡張した。DSPE−PEG2000及びコレステロールのレベルをそれぞれ3モル%及び20モル%で一定に保持し、目標サイズは85nmとした。DSPCは追加のリン脂質として機能した。リポソームを調製し、40kHz超音波でテストした。放出データを表7に列挙する。
実施例7及び8のさらなる拡張において、DSPE−PEG2000レベルを3から8モル%に増加させた。コレステロールを20モル%に保ち、DSPCは追加のリン脂質として機能した。放出データ(40kHzでの)を表8に列挙する。
主な脂質としてDOPEを含む2つのリポソームカルセイン製剤を研究した。DSPE−PEG2000及びコレステロールのレベルをそれぞれ8モル%及び20モル%で一定に保った。DSPCは追加のリン脂質として機能した。放出データ(40kHzでの)を表9に示す。
DSPC、DSPE、DOPE及びDSPE−PEG2000を、Genzyme Pharmaceuticals(Liestal, Switzerland)から購入した。ドキソルビシンHClを、Nycomed, Norwayから得た。コレステロール、クエン酸三ナトリウム塩、Triton−X100(10%溶液)、HEPES、硫酸アンモニウム、アジ化ナトリウム、及びスクロースを、Sigma Aldrichから得た。ヘキサノールは、BDH Chemicals Ltd(Poole, England)により供給された。
SOPE:DSPE−PEG2000:コレステロールの組成がモルパーセンテージ52:8:40のリポソームを製造し、ドキソルビシンを上に記載した通りに負荷した。超音波実験において、薬物負荷のほぼ62%が、HEPES緩衝化スクロース中での6分間の40kHzの超音波曝露後に放出された。実験は上に記載した通りに行った。
Claims (19)
- 少なくとも10モル%の長鎖及び/又は不飽和ホスファチジルエタノールアミン(PE)を含む音波感受性粒状物質であって、気泡又は非溶解ガスを含まない、物質。
- PEが少なくとも18個の炭素原子又はそれよりも長いアシル鎖を含む、請求項1記載の物質。
- PEが少なくとも1個の不飽和アシル鎖を含む、請求項1又は2記載の物質。
- PEが2個の不飽和アシル鎖を含む、請求項1〜3記載の物質。
- コレステロールヘミコハク酸(CHEMS)、遊離脂肪酸及び/又はリゾ脂質を含まない、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項記載の物質。
- 粒子が少なくとも47モル%のPEを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項記載の物質。
- PEが1,2−ジステアロイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン(DSPE)、1−ステアロイル−2−オレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン(SOPE)、1−パルミトイル−2−オレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン(POPE)、及び/又は1,2−ジオレオイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホエタノールアミン(DOPE)である、請求項1〜6記載の物質。
- PEがDOPE及び/又はSOPEである、請求項1〜7記載の物質。
- ポリエチレングリコール又はその誘導体をさらに含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項記載の物質。
- 8モル%又はそれ以上のポリエチレングリコール又はその誘導体をさらに含む、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項記載の物質。
- コレステロールをさらに含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項記載の物質。
- 20モル%又はそれ以上のコレステロールをさらに含む、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項記載の物質。
- 粒状物質がリポソームである、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項記載の物質。
- 薬物をさらに含む、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項記載の物質。
- 症状又は疾患を処置するための医薬を製造するための請求項1〜14のいずれか一項記載の音波感受性粒状物質の使用であって、該医薬が音響エネルギーにより活性化又は放出される、使用。
- 疾患又は症状が、癌、免疫異常、感染、又は炎症性疾患である、請求項15記載の使用。
- 医学的使用のための請求項1〜14記載の物質。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項記載の物質を製造するための方法。
- 請求項1〜14のいずれか一項記載の物質を含む薬学的組成物。
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JP6392209B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-04 | 2018-09-19 | ザ・ジョンズ・ホプキンス・ユニバーシティー | 粘液内層を通過する迅速な透過のための脂質ベース薬物キャリア |
US10568975B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 | 2020-02-25 | The Johns Hopkins University | Nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging tracking and methods of making and using thereof |
EP2823811A1 (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-14 | OTC GmbH | Targeted active release system comprising solid lipid nano-particles |
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KR20150047336A (ko) | 2013-10-24 | 2015-05-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 나노입자, 이를 제조하는 방법, 및 이의 용도 |
KR20150062652A (ko) | 2013-11-29 | 2015-06-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 초음파 감응성 리포좀, 그를 포함한 약제학적 조성물 및 그를 이용하여 개체의 체내에 활성제를 전달하는 방법 |
KR20240126072A (ko) | 2015-01-27 | 2024-08-20 | 더 존스 홉킨스 유니버시티 | 점막표면에서 활성제의 향상된 수송을 위한 저장성 하이드로겔 제제 |
CN112245393A (zh) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-01-22 | 贵州医科大学 | 一种载药型纳米脂质体造影治疗剂的制备工艺 |
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US20110020429A1 (en) * | 2007-12-10 | 2011-01-27 | Epitarget As | Use of particles comprising an alcohol |
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- 2010-06-08 JP JP2012514908A patent/JP2012529501A/ja active Pending
- 2010-06-08 EP EP10727163A patent/EP2440181A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-06-08 WO PCT/NO2010/000215 patent/WO2010143969A2/en active Application Filing
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JP2023523633A (ja) * | 2020-04-29 | 2023-06-06 | アイエムジーティー カンパニー リミテッド | 超音波感応性リポソーム及びその製造方法 |
JP7426151B2 (ja) | 2020-04-29 | 2024-02-01 | アイエムジーティー カンパニー リミテッド | 超音波感応性リポソーム及びその製造方法 |
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EP2440181A2 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
WO2010143969A2 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
US9034374B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
WO2010143969A3 (en) | 2011-09-29 |
US20120121695A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
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