JP2012517434A - 血管病変を治療する方法 - Google Patents
血管病変を治療する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本明細書に記載されている方法は、抗血管新生剤の投与、および、場合により、抗血管新生剤の投与と組み合わせて病変を実質的に減量する(すなわち、病変のサイズを縮小する)のに十分な細胞減少治療の使用を包含する。
多くの適当な細胞減少治療、例えば、光血管破壊レーザー、切除レーザー、電気手術、凍結手術、高周波、およびコールドインストルメント外科的手順が当技術分野において知られている。
本明細書に記載されている方法において使用することができる多くの抗血管新生剤が当技術分野において知られている。例えば、抗血管新生剤は、アンギオスタチン(例えば、プラスミノーゲン断片)、抗血管新生アンチトロンビンIII(aaATIII)、カンスタチン(canstatin)、軟骨由来の阻害剤(CDI)、CD59補体断片、エンドスタチン(例えば、コラーゲンXVIII断片)、フィブロネクチン断片、gro−β、ヘパリナーゼ、ヘパリンおよびその断片(例えば、六糖類断片)、ヒト絨毛性ゴナドトロピン(hCG)、インターフェロンα/β/γ、インターフェロン誘導タンパク質(IP−10)、IL−12、クリングル5(プラスミノーゲン断片)、メタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤、2−ニエトキシエストラジオール(2−niethoxyestradiol)、PEDF、胎盤リボヌクレアーゼ阻害剤、血小板第4因子、プロラクチン16kD断片、プロリフェリン関連タンパク質、レチノイド、テトラヒドロコルチゾール−S、トロンボスポンジン、トランスフォーミング成長因子β、ツミスタチン(tumistatin)、バスキュロスタチン(vasculostatin)およびバソスタリン(vasostalin)(カルレティキュリン断片)、フマギリン、非グルココルチコイドステロイド、ならびにα−FGF、bFGF、VEGF、IL−8、およびGM−CSFなどの1種または複数種の血管新生ペプチドに対する抗体を包含することができる。多くの他の抗血管新生剤は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれている米国特許第7,422,738号に記載されている。
抗血管新生剤は、例えば、全身的に、または治療されるべき組織へ局所的に投与することができる。投与経路の例は、非経口、例えば、静脈内、粘膜内、粘膜下、皮内、皮下、経粘膜(例えば、吸入)、経口、経皮(局所)、および直腸投与を包含する。例えば、抗血管新生剤は、病変中か病変周囲への注射により投与することができる。
医薬組成物は、典型的には、その意図された投与経路に適合するように製剤化される。適当な医薬組成物を製剤化する方法は、当技術分野において知られており、例えば、Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences:a Series of Textbooks and Monographs(Dekker、NY)シリーズの本を参照されたい。例えば、非経口、皮内、または皮下適用のために使用される溶液剤または懸濁剤は、下記の成分:注射用水、生理食塩水、固定油、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、プロピレングリコールまたは他の合成溶媒などの無菌希釈剤;ベンジルアルコールまたはメチルパラベンなどの抗菌剤;アスコルビン酸または重亜硫酸ナトリウムなどの抗酸化剤;エチレンジアミン四酢酸などのキレート化剤;酢酸塩、クエン酸塩またはリン酸塩などの緩衝剤および塩化ナトリウムまたはデキストロースなどの張度を調整するための試剤を包含することができる。pHは、塩酸または水酸化ナトリウムなどの酸または塩基で調整することができる。
化合物の用量、毒性および治療有効性は、例えば、LD50(集団の50%に対して致死的な投与量)およびED50(集団の50%において治療上有効な投与量)を決定することについて、例えば、細胞培養物または実験動物における標準的な医薬手順により決定することができる。毒性効果と治療効果の間の投与量比は、治療指数であり、治療指数は、比LD50/ED50として表すことができる。高い治療指数を示す化合物が好ましい。毒性副作用を示す化合物が使用されることがあるが、非感染細胞に対する潜在的損傷を最小限に抑え、それによって、副作用を減らすため、そのような化合物が罹患組織の部位を標的とする送達システムを設計することに留意すべきである。
哺乳動物において病変、例えば、癌を誘発するウイルスは、極めて広範囲に及ぶ。一部の実施形態において、ウイルス関連病変は、ヒト乳頭腫ウイルス(HPV)により引き起こされる。腫瘍をもたらすことがある他のタイプのウイルスは、様々なRNAウイルスならびにヘルペスウイルスを包含する。一部の実施形態において、病変は、癌性ではない。
ヒト乳頭腫ウイルス(HPV)は、上皮細胞向性の二本鎖DNAウイルスであり、腫瘍形成に関連している。100を超える型のHPVが同定されており、そのうちの68が腫瘍形成を誘発し得る。これらのHPVの一部、例えば、6型および11型は、上部胃腸管および呼吸管ならびに泌尿生殖管などの粘膜組織において、およびすべての年齢層において生じることがある尋常性疣贅などの良性腫瘍に関係している(例えば、Dickensら、J Pathol.165(3):243〜6(1991)を参照)。他の型は、口(例えば、Gillison、Semin.Oncol.31(6):744〜54(2004);およびGillisonおよびLowy、Lancet、363(9420):1488〜9(2004)を参照)および感染した哺乳動物の生殖粘膜における異形成および癌腫における病原因子として強く関係するとされ、16、18、31、33、35、39、45、51、52、56、58、59、68、73、および82型は、「高リスク」HPVとして分類されている。例えば、「Supplement:Assessing the Burden of HPV−Associated Cancers in the United States」、Cancer.113(S10):2837〜3057(2008);Munozら、New Engl.J.Med.348(6):518〜527(2003)を参照されたい。
単純疱疹ウイルス関連多形性紅斑(HAEM)について記載されており、例えば、AurelianおよびBurnett、「Current understanding of herpes simplex virus−associated erythema multiforme」、Exp.Rev.Derm.Aug.3(4):491〜499(2008)を参照されたい。
他のウイルス関連病変は、エプスタインバーウイルス(EBV)関連病変、例えば、EBV関連種痘様水疱症(HV)様皮膚病変を包含する。
本明細書に記載されている方法は、ウイルス感染を伴っていても伴っていなくてもよい血管病変(例えば、増殖または腫瘍)を治療するためにも使用することができる。例えば、他の新血管新生プロセスは、消化管の血管異形成、肺および気管気管支樹の血管病変、気道消化管全体の腺腫様ポリープ、血管腫(皮膚、粘膜、器官)、ならびにウェジナー肉芽腫症およびベーチェット病などの血管炎を包含する。
本発明を、特許請求の範囲に記載されている本発明の範囲を限定しない下記の実施例においてさらに記載する。
光血管破壊レーザーは、発声粘膜の柔軟性を保存しながら疾患を退縮させることにより声門乳頭腫症を効果的に治療する。しかしながら、このアプローチは、再発を確実には防止しない。したがって、抗血管新生剤ベバシズマブ(AVASTIN(商標))の病変内/病変下注射を、疾患再発および発声粘膜の柔軟性/機能に対する効果を決定するために評価した。
後ろ向き調査を、確立したパターンの再発があり、事前の血管破壊レーザー治療を受けた難治性声門再発性呼吸器乳頭腫症(RRP)の10名の患者からなるパイロット群で行った。10名のうちの3名は、気道閉塞を示し、10名のうちの7名は、頻繁な疾患再発に伴う発声機能障害の治療を受けていた。罹患声帯中への上皮下(表在固有層内)ベバシズマブ注射(5〜10mg)を、最適な発声機能を維持する必要がなくなるためにレーザー切除を中止するまで、4〜6週間隔でパルスKTPレーザー光血管破壊治療と一緒に使用した(図1A〜F)。患者は、5〜10mg(0.2〜0.4mL:上皮下表在固有層において前の手順から存在する瘢痕の量0.1当たり2.5mgの最初の一連の5回のベバシズマブ注射を受け、治療間隔は、患者の移動制約の実施上の配慮に部分的に基づいた。疾患評価は、ベバシズマブの使用前後の診療所喉頭鏡検査の所見を比較することにより、従来の記載(Zeitelら、Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol、113:265〜76(2004))と同様に定量化した。
それらの事前の声門再発パターンをレーザー治療単独と比較すると、10名の患者(20の声帯)はすべて、粘膜柔軟性を維持または改善しながら再発の90%を超える低下を有していた。さらに、10名の患者のうちの7名(20の声帯のうちの14)は、疾患の完全な解消を有していた。これら7名の患者のうち、4名は、臨床的解消を有し、3名は、ベバシズマブ注射の中止から8〜10週後に軽度の再発を呈した。しかしながら、3名はすべて、診療所注射の使用によりレーザー切除なしに優れた機能を維持している。一連の5回の注射後に臨床的解消を達成しなかった10名の患者のうちの3名はすべて、気道閉塞を示した。経時的には、3名のうちの1名は、進行中の注射を正当化する極めて限定された上皮疾患を示したが(図2A〜Bを参照)、発声粘膜の外科的切除治療を必要としなかった。したがって、ジストニアモデルとある程度同様に、10症例のうちの4症例は、この時点で解消され、10名の患者のうちの4名は、限定された再発または持続的疾患を有し、8〜12週間隔でベバシズマブを注射されている。10名の患者のうちの2名は、ベバシズマブ注射と組み合わせた診療所ベースのKTPレーザー治療を受け続けている。これら2名の個人は、気管切開術を受けていることを当初から示していた。要約すると、どの患者も、全身麻酔を伴う微細喉頭手術を必要とせず、10名の患者のうちの2名(20の声帯のうちの4つ)のみが、声帯膜の診療所ベースのレーザー治療を依然として必要としている。ベバシズマブ注射の結果としての全身性合併症も局所合併症もなかった。
患者は、声帯上に再発性呼吸器乳頭腫症を発症したプロの歌手であった。発声膜に対する乳頭腫症の影響のため、この患者は、声楽家としてのキャリアを捨てなければならなかった。患者は、発声膜の疾患の喉頭顕微鏡下の完全除去を受けた。その後2カ月にわたって、疾患は再発し悪化した。2カ月後、患者は、疾患を根絶するために診療所ベースの血管破壊532nmKTPレーザー手順を受けた。3カ月後、患者は、再び、実質的再発に見舞われ、疾患の2カ月後、8カ月前の彼の初期症状よりも顕著になった。
本発明について、その詳細な説明と併せて記載してきたが、以上の説明は、添付の特許請求の範囲により定義される本発明の範囲を限定することではなく例示することが意図されていることが理解されるべきである。他の態様、利点、および修正形態は、下記の特許請求の範囲内にある。
Claims (17)
- 対象において血管コンポーネントを含む病変を治療する方法であって、治療上有効な量の血管新生阻害剤を前記病変へ局所的に投与することを含む方法。
- 病変を実質的に減量するのに十分な細胞減少治療に病変を曝露させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 病変が、ヒト乳頭腫ウイルス(HPV)により引き起こされる乳頭腫である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 血管新生阻害剤が、抗VEGF化合物である、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 抗VEGF化合物が、抗VEGF抗体である、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 抗VEGF抗体が、ベバシズマブである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 病変への局所投与が、病変中への直接注射もしくは病変表面への局所適用、または病変に隣接した組織中への直接注射もしくは組織表面への局所適用である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 血管新生阻害剤が、制御放出製剤を使用して局所的に投与される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 細胞減少治療が、CO2レーザー、Nd:YAGレーザー、ツリウムレーザー;Er,Cr:YSGGレーザー;532nmパルスチタン酸リン酸カリウム(KTP)レーザー;または585nmパルス色素レーザー(PDL)からなる群から選択されるレーザーにより提供される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 細胞減少治療が、コールドインストルメントにより提供される、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 細胞減少治療が、切除組織治療である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 病変が、ウイルス誘発性血管病変である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 病変が、上皮血管病変または腫瘍である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 病変が、対象の皮膚表面に存在する;対象の粘膜組織表面に存在する;または内部器官表面に存在する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 粘膜組織が、対象の呼吸管;消化管;または泌尿生殖管内にある、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 対象が、再発性呼吸器乳頭腫症に罹患している、請求項2に記載の方法。
- その後に、血管新生阻害剤の1つまたは複数の追加の投与量を投与することをさらに含む、請求項1〜15のいずれかに記載の方法。
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JPN6014002973; Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol (2007) 245, 1727-1730 * |
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WO2010091234A9 (en) | 2011-03-03 |
EP2393513A2 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
US9186336B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
US20120065573A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
EP2393513A4 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
JP6101245B2 (ja) | 2017-03-22 |
JP2015129119A (ja) | 2015-07-16 |
WO2010091234A2 (en) | 2010-08-12 |
EP2393513B1 (en) | 2016-10-19 |
CN102333544A (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
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