JP2012500256A - ライシルtRNA合成酵素の細胞内水準を調節して癌転移又は癌細胞の移動を調節する方法 - Google Patents
ライシルtRNA合成酵素の細胞内水準を調節して癌転移又は癌細胞の移動を調節する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本発明のさらに他の目的を達成する為に、本発明は、
(a)試験製剤の存在下でKRSと試験製剤を接触させる段階;
(b)KRSの活性を測定してKRSの活性を変化させる試験製剤を選別する段階;及び
(c)選別された製剤が癌転移又は細胞移動を調節するか、否かをテストする段階を含む癌転移又は癌細胞移動調節製剤をスクリーニングする方法を提供する。
(a)試験製剤の存在下でKRS、ラミニン収容体(67LR)及び試験製剤を接触させる段階;及び
(b)前記試験製剤がKRSとラミニン収容体の相互作用を調節するか、否かをテストする段階を含むKRSと、67LRK相互作用を阻害する製剤をスクリーニングする方法を提供する。
本発明のさらに他の目的を達成する為に、本発明は、
(a)試料において67LRの過発現の可否を分析する段階;及び
(b)67LRが過発現された試料においてKRSの過発現の可否を分析する段階を含む肺癌又は乳房癌を診断する方法を提供する。
本発明はKRSが癌転移又は癌細胞移動に及ぼす影響を初めて究明した。つまり、本発明はKRSが原形質膜のラミニン収容体を通じて癌転移又は癌細胞移動に影響を及ぼすことを究明した。
他の定義がない限り、本発明で使用される全ての技術的及び化学的用語は当業者等により、通常的に理解される同一な意味を有する。次の参考文献は、本発明の明細書に使用された多くの用語等の一般的な定義を有する技術(skill)の一つを提供する。(Singleton et al., DICTIONARY OF MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOTY(2nd ed. 1994); THE CAMBRIDGE DICTIONARY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(Walker ed., 1988); 及び Hale & Marham, THE HARPER COLLINS DICTIONARY OF BIOLOGY)。さらに、次の定義は本発明の実施の為に読者(reader)に提供される。
(a)試験製剤の存在下でKRSと試験製剤を接触させる段階;
(b)KRSの活性を測定してKRSの活性を変化させる試験製剤を選別する段階;及び
(c)選別された製剤が癌転移又は癌細胞移動を調節するか否かをテストする段階を含む癌転移又は癌細胞移動調節製剤をスクリーニングする方法を提供する。
(a)試験製剤の存在下でKRSと試験製剤を接触させる段階;
(b)KRSの活性を測定してKRSの活性を変化させる試験製剤を選別する段階;
多くのアッセイシステムがKRSの調節因子の為の、試験製剤のスクリーニングに適用できる。上記にて言及した通り、前記スクリーニングは試験管内アッセイシステム又は細胞−基盤アッセイシステムを利用できる。このスクリーニング段階で、試験製剤はKRSとの結合、KRSの細胞内水準変更、又はKRSの他の生物学的活性の調節に対してスクリーニングされ得る。
1次スクリーニング段階でKRSと試験製剤の結合が測定できる。KRSに対する試験製剤の結合は、例えば、標識された試験管内蛋白質−蛋白質結合アッセイ、(electrophoretic mobility shift assays)、蛋白質結合を検出する為の免疫アッセイ、機能的アッセイ(リン酸化アッセイ等)等のような多様な方法でアッセイできる(U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,366,241:4,376,110; 4,517,288 and 4,837,168; and Bevan et al., Trends in Biotechnology, 13:115-122, 1995; Ecker et al., Bio/Technology, 13:351-360, 1995; and Hodgson, Bio/Technology, 10:973-980, 1992)。試験製剤はKRSとの直接的な結合、例えば、KRSに対する抗体によるKRSポリペプチドとの共同−沈殿(co-immunoprecipitation)を検出することにより、確認できる。さらに、試験製剤はKRSと試験製剤の結合を表し得るシグナル、例えば、蛍光キンチング(quenching)を検出することにより確認できる。
幾つかの結合アッセイから、KRS、試験製剤又は第3の物質(例:KRSに結合する抗体)は、与えられた条件で前記ポリペプチドの確認、検出及び定量を容易にする為に、標識された状態で提供できる。つまり、共有的に結合又は検出可能な標識やグループ、又は架橋可能なグループにリンクされて提供できる。これら検出可能なグループ等は検出可能なポリペプチドグループ、例えば、アッセイ可能な酵素又は抗体エピトープを含む。両者択一的に前記検出可能なグループは放射線同位元素(例:125 I,32P,35S)又は化学発光性又は蛍光性グループのような他の検出可能なグループ又はラベルから選択できる。類似して、前記検出可能なグループは基質(substrate)、補助因子(cofactor)、阻害剤又は親和リガンドでもあり得る。
KRSの試験製剤の結合は、試験製剤がKRSの調節者であることを示す。さらに、これは前記製剤が癌転移又は癌細胞移動を調節する為に、ラミニン収容体の生体活性を調節し得ることを提示する。従って、KRSと結合する試験製剤はラミニン収容体活性を調節する能力を有しているかをさらにテストすべきである。
一旦調節製剤がKRSと結合するか、及び/又はKRSの生物学的活性(細胞内水準を含む)を調節するものとして究明されると、前記製剤は癌転移又は癌細胞移動を調節する能力を有しているか、否かに付いて、さらにテストされ得る。前記調節製剤による癌転移又は癌細胞移動の調節は一般的に、KRSの存在下でテストされる。若し、細胞−基盤スクリーニングシステムを利用する場合、KRSは宿主細胞に導入された発現ベクターから発現され得る。両者択一的にKRSはスクリーニングシステムで宿主細胞により内生的に供給されることもあり得る。
(a)試験製剤の存在下でKRS、ラミニン収容体(67LR)及び試験製剤を接触させる段階;及び
(b)前記試験製剤がKRSとラミニン収容体の相互作用(interaction)を調節するかをテストする段階を含むKRSと67LRの相互作用を阻害する製剤をスクリーニングする方法を提供する。
(a)試料で67LRの過発現可否を分析する段階;及び
(b)67LRが過発現された試料からKRSの過発現可否を分析する段階を含む肺癌又は乳癌を診断する方法を提供する。
ただし、下記実施例は本発明を例示するもので、本発明の内容がこれに限定されるものではないものの、
1.細胞培養及び材料等
A549及びHEK293細胞は、ATCCから購入した。マウス乳癌(mammary carcinoma)4T-1細胞株は金ソンチン博士(カチョン医科大学)より得た。10%牛胎児血清(Fetal bovine serum, FBS)及び1%抗体を含む。RPMI(A549細胞及び4T-1細胞に対する)及びDMEM(Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium,他の細胞に対する)培地を細胞培養に使用した。37LRPを符号化するpcDNA3.1ベクターはタチバナヒロフミ博士(九州大学)から得た。Myc-が付着された(Myc-tagged)ヒトKRS及びDRSはpcDNA3ベクターのEcoRI/XhoI制限酵素部位にクローニングした。齧歯類KRS cDNAはRT-PCRで確保し、pcDNA3.1ベクターのHindIII/XhoI制限酵素部位にクローニングした。齧歯類及びヒトKRS及びDRSにターゲッティング(targeting)するsiRNAはInvitrogen社より購入した。siRNAの配列は要請すれば提供できるであろう。遺伝子ポーター(Gene porter, GTS)及びリポペクタミン2000(invitrogen)は形質感染試薬として使用された。LY294002及びスタウロスポリン(stauroaporin)はCalbiochemから購入し、サイクロヘキシミド(cyclohexiumide)及びラミニン(laminin, Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm murine sarcoma)はSigmaから購入した。
細胞を150mM NaCl、0.5%トリトンX-100, 0.1%SDS及び蛋白質分解酵素阻害剤を含む20mM Tris-HClバッファ(pH7.4,溶解バッファ)で溶解した。蛋白質抽出物を正常IgG及び蛋白質Gアガロスと2時間培養した後(incubation)、非特異的にIgGに結合した蛋白質を除去する為に遠心分離した。上澄液を精製された67LR抗体(F-18, Santacruz)と混合した後、揺さぶりながら4℃で2時間培養し、蛋白質Aアガロスを混合した。氷で冷たく冷却した溶解バッファを利用して3回洗滌し、沈澱物をSDSサンプルバッファに溶解させ、SDS-PAGEで分離した。互いに異なる分画でKRS及びLRの結合を確認する為に、pcDNA3.1-Myc-KRSで形質感染し、proteoextractキット(Calbiochem)を利用して製造社の指針に従って、プラスマメンブレーンとサイトプラズム分画を分離したあと、前記の通り、共同−免疫沈降を行った。蛋白質水準を分析する為に、蛋白質を細胞から抽出した後、10%SDS-PAGEで分離した。別に言及しない限り抗-LR抗体(Abcam, ab2508)を37LRP及び67LRの同時免疫ブロッティングに使用した。hsp90及びパンーカドヘリン(Pan-cadherin)に対する抗体はSantacruzから購入した。
細胞サイクルをアドレス(address)する為に、培養された細胞を表示されたベクター又は化合物で形質感染又は処理して、70%エタノール4℃で1時間固定した後、氷で冷却したPBSで2回洗滌した。その後細胞をpropidium iodide(50μg/ml)、0.1% sodium citrate,0.3%NP40及びRNaseA(50μg/ml)で40分間染色した後、プローサイトメトリ(FACS Calibur, Beckton-Dickinson)を行った。それぞれの染色に対して、Cell Quest Proソフトウェアーを使用して20000細胞を分析した。細胞表面の67kDLRの量を分析する為に、1×106細胞をIgG又は67LRの細胞外ドメインを認識する抗−LR抗体(MLuC5,1ug)と培養した後、FITC2次抗体と培養した。PBSで洗滌してサンプルをFACSでスキャンした。
9mmカバースリップ(cover slip)上のA549細胞を70%メチルアルコールで固定した後、冷たいPBSで簡単に洗滌した。1%CAS,3%BSA及び0.5%triton X-100を含むブロッキングバッファで30分間処理した後、細胞をKRSに対する抗体(Abcam)、及びMLuC-5に対する抗体(Santacruz)で1時間培養した。アレキサ488及び568(invitrogen)を添加した後、室温で30分間処理した。冷たいPBSで30分間洗滌し、標本をレーザースキャニングマクロスコーピで観察した。乳癌及び肺癌に対する組織配列スライド(tissue array slide)をSuper-Biochip(韓国)から購入し、67LR及びKRSの発現水準を確認する為に、文献(Park, S. G. et al. Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase is secreted to trigger pro-inflammatory response, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 102, 6356-6361(2005))言及された相応する抗体と免疫組織化学染色を行った。67LR及びKRSの発現間の相関関係を計算する為に、ピアソンχ2テスト及びスチューデントtテストを使用して統計的分析を行った。P値が<0.05であれば意味あるものと見做した。全ての統計的分析はSPSS v11.5ソフトウェアー(SPSS,Chicago,Ill)を使用して行った。
293細胞をリポベクターミン2000を利用して si-KRS又はsi対照群で形質感染させた。これをメチオニンが含まれていない培地で1時間培養後、[35S]メチオニン(50μCi/ml)を添加して1時間培養した。新鮮な培地で放射線メチオニンを洗い落とし、67LRをこれに特異的な抗体で免疫沈降させ、12%SDS-PAGEで分離し、BAS(FLA-3000,Fujifilm)を利用して露出させた(autoradiography)。67LRの量はMulti-gaugeプログラム(V3.0,Fujifilm)を利用して測定した。
ヒトKRSの多くの断片を符号化するcDNAを相応するプライマーを利用してPCRで得た。KRSに対するPCR産物をEcoRI及びXhoIで切断し、pEG202ベクター(LexA-融合蛋白質の製造の為)及びpJG4-5ベクター(B42-融合蛋白質の製造の為)の相応する位置に連結した。37LRP断片を符号化するcDNAはBarbara J,Ballermann博士(アルバータ大学)から得て、これをpJG4-5ベクターのEcoRI及びXhoI部位に挿入した。二つの融合蛋白質間の相互作用はX-gal-含有酵母培地上で青色コロニーの合成可否で分析した。
GST-KRS又はGSTを大腸菌ロゼタ(DE3)ストレンで発現させ、前記蛋白質抽出物を1%Triton X-100及び0.5% N-ラウリルサコシンが含有されたPBSバッフアで4℃で2時間グルタチオンーセパロスと混合した。ヒト37LRPはTNT Quick coupled Transcription/Translation(Promega)を使用し、pcDNA3-37LRPを鋳型に使用し、[35S]メチオニン存在下でin vitro translationにより合成した。合成された37LRPは前記 GST蛋白質混合物に添加し、1% Triton X-100, 0.5% N-ラウリルサコシン、1mM DTT, 2mM EDTA及び 300μMペニルメチルスルホニルフルオライドが含有されたPBSバッファで撹拌しながら4℃で4時間培養した後、0.5% Triton X-100を含有する同じバッファで6回洗滌した。その後セパロスビッドに結合された蛋白質を SDSサンプルバッフアで溶出し、SDS-PAGEで分離して放射線を測定した(autoradiograph)。
細胞移動を先行文献(Park, S. G. et al. Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase is secreted to trigger pro-inflammatory response, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 6356-6361(2005))に記載した通り、ポリカボネート膜(8.0μm 空隙サイズ、Coster)を有する 24-ウェルトランスウェルチャンバで測定した。A549細胞を無血清培地に懸濁した後、各ウェル当り1X105 細胞の濃度で上位チャンバに入れた。表示された濃度の精製されたヒトKRS、ラミニン(10μg/ml)又はゼラチン(10μg/ml)を下位ウェルに入れ、細胞がCO2 培養器で37℃で6時間移動するようにした。細胞は70%メチルアルコールを含むPBSで30分間固定し、PBSで3回洗滌した。細胞はヘマトシリン(Sigma)で10分間染色した後、蒸留水で洗滌した。綿棒で膜の上の部分で移動しない細胞を除去した。膜をチャンバから分離した後、Gel Mount(Biomeda 米国)に乗せておいた(mount)。移動した細胞(膜の下位面に付着されたもの等)を顕微鏡下で(x20)4ヶ所を任意に選別して計測する方式で測定した。
表示されたsiRNA及び組換えKRS(又はDRS)を符号化するプラスミドで形質感染されたA549細胞をそれぞれ48時間及び24時間培養した後、10%FBSを含有する、RPMI培地に接触した(1x105 細胞/ウェル)、細胞を無血清RPMI培地で2時間飢餓処理(starving)した後、ラミニンを添加して10μg/mlで24時間培養した。20μlの培養培地を5xFODバッフア(4% SDS, 20%グリセロール及び0.01%ブロモフェノールブルーを含有する0.125M Tris-HCl, pH6.8)と混合した後、1mg/mlのゼラチンを含有する10%SDS-PAGEを行った。ゲルを2.5%トリトンx-100でそれぞれ20分間洗滌し、蒸留水でそれぞれ20分ずつ洗滌して反応バッフア(10mM CaCl2, 150mM NaCl, 1μM ZnCl2, 1% Triton X-100, 0.002% sodium azideを含有する50mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5)と37℃で24時間培養した。ゲルを蒸留水で洗滌してクマシブルーR250で染色して35%メタノールで脱染(destain)した。
マウス乳癌4T-1細胞をsi KRS、si DRS又はsi−対照群で形質感染させ、24時間培養した。細胞(1x106)を6週令雌Balb/cマウスの背に皮下注射の方法で注入した。ターゲットに対するsiRNAの効果を形質感染後、48時以降に残った細胞で測定した。さらに、注入後3日から10日まで2日間隔で1次腫瘍(primary tumor)でターゲットに対するsiRNAの効果を相応する抗体を使用したウェスタンブロット分析で測定した。腫瘍の成長は週当り3回ずつ腫瘍の大きさをモニタリングした。これと同時に全体の体重も測定した。注入後21日目にマウスを殺し、1次腫瘍と肺をマウスから切除した。肺は10%ホルマリンで24時間固定した。肺に転移された腫瘍結節の数と大きさを測定し、径が1mmより大きい腫瘍結節に対しても別途記録した。1次腫瘍の質量も測定した。KRS過発現が腫瘍転移に及ぼす効果を確認する為に、齧歯類KRSベクター及び空ベクター(empty vector)を4T-1細胞に形質感染させ、安定的な形質感染体をG418の存在下で3週間培養して選別した。多くの単一コロニーを選びだして、ウェスタンブロットでKRS発現水準を比較した。対照群細胞より高い水準でKRSを発現する二つの異なるコロニー(KRS-1,KRS-2)を選択し、注入に使用した。注入後30日目にマウスを殺したことを除いては、前記方法と同一に以降実験を行った。
全長のKRSと37LRPとの特異的相互作用はイーストツーハイブリッド分析により確認された。LexA-KRSはKRSのパートナとして知られた(Kim, J.Y. et al. p38 is essential for the assembly and stability of macromolecular tRNA synthetase complex: Implications for its physiological significance, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 7912-7916(2002))AIMP2ばかりでなく、B42-37LRPと結合して青色コロニーを形成し、AIMP1に対してはそうではなかった(図1)。インビトロバインディングアッセイに対しては、[35S]メチオニンで表示された37LRPをGST-KRS又はGSTと混合し、グルタチオンーセファロースで沈澱させ、自家放射線撮影をした。37LRPはGST-KRSと共に沈澱したものの、GSTではなかった(図2)。イーストツーハイブリッド分析による消失地図(deletion mapping)でヒトKRSのN−末端延長部位とLRの C−末端細胞外ドメインがそれらの結合に関与することを確認した(図3)。
Claims (15)
- ライシルt-RNA合成酵素(Lysyl t-RNA synthetase,KRS)の細胞内水準を調節して癌転移(cancer metastasis)を調節する方法。
- ライシルt-RNA合成酵素の細胞内水準を減少させて癌転移を抑制することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の癌転移を調節する方法。
- ライシルt-RNA合成酵素の細胞内水準を増加させて癌転移を増進することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の癌転移を調節する方法。
- 前記ライシルt-RNA合成酵素は配列番号1で表示されるアミノ酸配列からなることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の方法。
- ライシルt-RNA合成酵素の細胞内水準を調節して癌細胞の移動(cancer cell migration)を調節する方法。
- ライシルt-RNA合成酵素の細胞内水準を減少させ、癌細胞の移動を抑制することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の癌細胞の移動を調節する方法。
- ライシルt-RNA合成酵素の細胞内水準を増加させ、癌細胞の移動を促進することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の癌細胞の移動を調節する方法。
- 前記ライシルt-RNA合成酵素は配列番号1で表示されるアミノ酸配列からなることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の方法。
- プロモーター及びこれと作動可能に連結されたKRSを符号化するポリヌクレオチドに対するアンチセンスRNA(antisense RNA)又はsiRNAを符号化するポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクター又はKRSに対する抗体を有効成分として含む癌の予防及び治療用の組成物。
- 前記癌は大腸癌、肺癌、肝臓癌、胃腸癌、食道癌、膵臓癌、胆嚢癌、腎臓癌、膀胱癌、前立腺癌、睾丸癌、子宮頸部癌、子宮内膜癌、絨毛癌、卵巣癌、乳癌、甲状腺癌、脳癌、頭頚部癌、悪性黒色腫、リンパ腫、再生不良性貧血からなる群より選ばれたことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の組成物。
- プロモーター及びこれと作動可能に連結されたKRSを符号化するポリヌクレオチドに対するアンチセンスRNA(antisense RNA)又はsiRNAを符号化するポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクター又はKRSに対する抗体をこれを必要とする個体に有効な量で投与することを含む癌の予防及び治療方法。
- 癌治療剤を製造するためのプロモーター及びこれと作動可能に連結されたKRSを符号化するポリヌクレオチドに対するアンチセンスRNA(antisense RNA)又はsiRNAを符号化するポリヌクレオチドを含む発現ベクター又はKRSに対する抗体の用途。
- (a)試験製剤の存在下でKRSと試験製剤を接触させる段階;
(b)KRSの活性を測定してKRSの活性を変化させる試験製剤を選別する段階;
及び
(c)選別された製剤が癌転移又は細胞移動を調節するか否かをテストする段階を含む癌転移又は癌細胞移動調節をスクリーニングする方法。 - (a)試験製剤の存在下でKRS、ラミニン収容体(67LR)及び試験製剤を接触させる段階;及び
(b)前記試験製剤がKRSとラミニン収容体の相互作用(interaction)を調節するか否かをテストする段階を含むKRSと67LRの相互作用を阻害する製剤をスクリーニングする方法。 - (a)試料で67LRの過発現可否を分析する段階;及び
(b)67LRが過発現された試料からKRSの過発現可否を分析する段階を含む、肺癌又は乳癌を診断する方法。
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JP2017502672A (ja) * | 2013-12-30 | 2017-01-26 | メディシナル バイオコンバージェンス リサーチ センター | 抗krsモノクロナル抗体及びこれの用途 |
JP2020515263A (ja) * | 2017-03-27 | 2020-05-28 | メディシナル バイオコンバージェンス リサーチ センター | 細胞外膜に露出されるリシル−tRNA合成酵素N−末端領域に特異的に結合する抗体 |
US11685791B2 (en) | 2017-03-27 | 2023-06-27 | Zymedi Co., Ltd. | Antibody binding specifically to N-terminal region of lysyl-tRNA synthetase exposed on cell membrane |
JP7345181B2 (ja) | 2017-03-27 | 2023-09-15 | ザイメディ カンパニー リミテッド | 細胞外膜に露出されるリシル-tRNA合成酵素N-末端領域に特異的に結合する抗体 |
JP2020534273A (ja) * | 2017-09-15 | 2020-11-26 | メディシナル バイオコンバージェンス リサーチ センター | リシル−tRNA合成酵素N末端に特異的に結合する抗体を有効成分として含む免疫細胞の遊走関連疾患の予防又は治療用薬学的組成物 |
US11965038B2 (en) | 2017-09-15 | 2024-04-23 | Zymedi Co., Ltd. | Pharmaceutical composition comprising antibody binding specifically to lysyl-tRNA synthetase N-terminus as effective ingredient for preventing or treating immune cell migration-related disease |
JP7511241B2 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2024-07-05 | ザイメディ カンパニー リミテッド | リシル-tRNA合成酵素N末端に特異的に結合する抗体を有効成分として含む免疫細胞の遊走関連疾患の予防又は治療用薬学的組成物 |
JP2022500051A (ja) * | 2018-09-17 | 2022-01-04 | バイオコンタック カンパニー リミテッド | 細胞外膜に露出されるリシル−tRNA合成酵素のN−末端領域に特異的に結合する抗体 |
JP7453694B2 (ja) | 2018-09-17 | 2024-03-21 | ザイメディ カンパニー リミテッド | 細胞外膜に露出されるリシル-tRNA合成酵素のN-末端領域に特異的に結合する抗体 |
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US10139394B2 (en) | 2018-11-27 |
AU2008360729A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
BRPI0823016A2 (pt) | 2016-05-24 |
EP2334791A4 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
KR20110046521A (ko) | 2011-05-04 |
JP5628807B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
US9511085B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
EP2334791B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
MX2011001900A (es) | 2011-08-17 |
CN102124104A (zh) | 2011-07-13 |
US20110189195A1 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
US20170108489A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
EP2334791A1 (en) | 2011-06-22 |
CA2734892A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
WO2010021415A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
KR101453141B1 (ko) | 2014-10-23 |
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