JP2011221046A - Display unit, display device, electronic device, portable electronic device, mobile phone and imaging device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a display unit and the like capable of being easily focused.SOLUTION: A display unit comprises a spacer, a plurality of aperture groups illuminated through the spacer and a plurality of lenses for projecting the aperture groups. Each aperture group has at least one aperture and respective lenses are disposed so as to project images obtained through the aperture groups in such a manner that the images are overlapped to one another. Further, overlapped images obtained through the aperture groups are incident on a pupil of a viewer so as to generate a projection image obtained through the plurality of lenses on a retina of the viewer. Furthermore, a diameter of the aperture projected through the lenses is smaller than a pupil diameter of the viewer's eye.

Description

  The present invention relates to a display device, and a display unit, an electronic device, a portable electronic device, a mobile phone, and an imaging device including the display device.

  There are liquid crystal displays and plasma displays as display devices (displays) for displaying images and characters. However, these display devices have a drawback that diopter cannot be adjusted. With the progress of an aging society, the number of elderly people with presbyopia (presbyopia) is increasing, and a display device capable of adjusting diopter, particularly a flat panel display (FPD), is desired. With the spread of mobile phones and the spread of digital cameras, the opportunity to view FPD displays outdoors is increasing. Furthermore, the use of electronic books instead of books is increasing. Thus, it is very troublesome to remove the reading glasses every time when viewing the FPD of a mobile device such as a mobile phone or a digital camera.

  Mobile phones have more opportunities to see FPDs in situations such as using email and playing games than using them as phones. The digital SLR camera uses an FPD as a live view monitor. In this digital single lens reflex camera, it is necessary to put on or remove reading glasses to see the live view monitor while looking at a distant subject. Is not practical. In addition, a GUI (graphical user interface) using the monitor is often used for changing the shooting mode, and the necessity for viewing the monitor is high.

  The observer is driving when looking at the monitor of the car navigation system. For this reason, it is dangerous to remove reading glasses, and it is virtually impossible to remove reading glasses. Other than that, it is troublesome for the observer to wear reading glasses every time when observing the liquid crystal screen of a personal computer (PC). Accordingly, there is a demand for an electronic device that allows a monitor to be viewed without removing reading glasses.

  That is, conventionally, there has not been an FPD that can see a focused image without wearing reading glasses. There was no electronic device equipped with such a monitor. However, recently, such a problem has been pointed out, and Patent Document 1 proposes a method of displaying a corrected image with edge enhancement. Patent Document 2 proposes a method using a precorrected image generated by an inverse matrix of Toeplitz matrix. Further, Patent Document 3 proposes a method using a loupe.

Japanese Patent No. 3552413 JP 2007-128355 A JP 2009-63624 A

  However, with the edge enhancement method disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is impossible to recover the defocused image, although the display information is slightly easier to see. This is because the correction in Patent Document 1 is not correction using defocus information that causes the image to be blurred.

  In Patent Document 2, correction is performed based on a Toeplitz matrix composed of a point spread function due to insufficient focus adjustment of the eye. In this case, although the complex number does not occur in the corrected image data, as a result, the correction is performed to the same degree of edge enhancement as in Patent Document 1, and the actual effect is small and has not been put into practical use.

  Further, Patent Document 3 shows an example in which a Fresnel lens is attached in front of an FPD that is a monitor of a digital camera and the FPD is looked into like a loupe. However, in order to correct presbyopia, the Fresnel lens needs to be several cm away from the FPD, which is not practical.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a display unit, a display device, an electronic device, a portable electronic device, a mobile phone, and an imaging device that are easily focused.

In order to solve the above-described problems and achieve the object, the display unit of the present invention includes:
Spacers,
A plurality of aperture groups illuminated through spacers;
A display unit composed of a plurality of lenses that project an aperture group;
The aperture group has at least one aperture;
Each lens is arranged to project the image of the aperture group so as to overlap,
It is characterized by causing the projection image of a plurality of lenses to be generated on the retina of the observer by making the overlap of the aperture group incident on the observer's pupil,
The size of the aperture projected by the lens is smaller than the pupil diameter of the observer's eye.

  Moreover, according to a preferable aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the lens is constituted by a microlens array.

  Further, according to a preferable aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the opening is formed by printing on the plane of the microlens array or the spacer.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the opening is formed by etching in the plane of the microlens array or the spacer.

  Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, it is desirable that a spacer is a diffuser.

  Further, according to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the scattering angle of the diffuser is within 10 °.

The display unit of the present invention is
A plurality of aperture groups;
A display unit composed of a plurality of lenses that project an aperture group;
The aperture group has at least one aperture;
It is characterized in that scattering characteristics are given to the opening part of the opening,
Each lens is arranged to project the image of the aperture group so as to overlap,
It is characterized by causing the projection image of a plurality of lenses to be generated on the retina of the observer by making the overlap of the aperture group incident on the observer's pupil,
The size of the aperture projected by the lens is smaller than the pupil diameter of the observer's eye.

  Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, it is desirable for the scattering angle of a scattering surface to be less than 10 degrees.

According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the pitch Pp of the aperture group and the lens pitch Lp satisfy the following conditional expressions.
Lp / Pp = L / (L + fb)
here,
fb is the distance between the aperture group and the lens,
L is the distance from the lens to the observer's pupil,
It is.

  Moreover, according to a preferable aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the plurality of lenses be configured by a microlens array.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the opening be formed by printing on the plane of the microlens array.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the opening be formed by etching in the plane of the microlens array.

According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the arrangement of the aperture group and the lens is the same pitch,
A plurality of lenses is composed of a microlens array,
It is desirable that the microlens array is a composite microlens array having the effect of a field lens that superimposes the projection images of the respective aperture groups.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the size of the lens of the microlens array is 0.05 mm or more.

  Further, according to a preferable aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the size of the image of the opening is 0.5 mm to 2.8 mm.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable to have a mechanism that can be attached to and detached from a display device that displays an image with a plurality of information pixels.

  Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, it is desirable to have a mechanism which can be attached or detached to an electronic device.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable to have a mechanism that can be attached to and detached from a portable electronic device.

  Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, it is desirable to have a mechanism which can be attached or detached to a mobile telephone.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable to have a mechanism that can be attached to and detached from the imaging apparatus.

The display device of the present invention is
A display device for displaying an image with a plurality of information pixels;
Spacers,
A plurality of aperture groups;
A display device comprising a plurality of lenses,
Illuminate the aperture group with information pixels via a spacer,
The aperture group has at least one aperture;
Each lens is arranged to project the image of the aperture group so as to overlap,
It is characterized by causing the projection image of a plurality of lenses to be generated on the retina of the observer by making the overlap of the aperture group incident on the observer's pupil,
The size of the aperture projected by the lens is smaller than the pupil diameter of the observer's eye.

  Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, it is desirable that a spacer is a diffuser.

  Further, according to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the diffusion angle of the diffuser is within 10 °.

Further, according to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the pitch Pp of the aperture group and the pitch Lp of the lens satisfy the following relationship.
Lp / Pp = L / (L + fb)
here,
fb is the distance between the aperture group and the lens,
L is the distance from the lens to the observer's pupil,
It is.

  Moreover, according to a preferable aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the plurality of lenses be configured by a microlens array.

  Further, according to a preferable aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the opening is formed by printing on the plane of the microlens array or the spacer.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the opening is formed by etching in the plane of the microlens array or the spacer.

According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, the arrangement of the aperture group and the lens is the same pitch,
A plurality of lenses is composed of a microlens array,
It is desirable that the microlens array is a composite microlens array having the effect of a field lens that superimposes the projection images of the respective aperture groups.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the size of the lens of the microlens array is 0.05 mm or more.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the size of the image of the aperture is 0.5 to 2.8 mm.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the information pixel pitch of the display device is 0.3 mm or less.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the information pixel of the display device is composed of sub information pixels including at least three colors of R (red), G (green), and B (blue).

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the pixel pitch of the sub information pixels is 0.1 mm or less.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that the display device is a liquid crystal device.

  Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, it is desirable that a display device is an organic EL device.

  In addition, an electronic apparatus according to the present invention includes the above-described display device.

  A portable electronic device according to the present invention includes the above-described display device.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, a mobile phone includes the above-described display device.

  Moreover, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, it is desirable to provide a mail function.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable to have a camera function.

  In addition, an imaging apparatus of the present invention includes the above-described display device.

  According to a preferred aspect of the present invention, it is desirable that a switch for setting shooting conditions is provided.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a display unit, a display device, an electronic device, a portable electronic device, a mobile phone, and an imaging device that are easily focused.

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the display apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the optical system of the display apparatus of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which compares the image by the light beam which permeate | transmitted the pupil of the eye lens, and the image which the light beam by the light emission point image smaller than a pupil forms. It is a figure which shows the other structure of 1st Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the example which applies the display principle of this invention to a display device. It is another figure explaining the example which applies the display principle of this invention to a display device. (A) is a perspective view which shows the structure of the display unit concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. (B) has shown the cross-sectional structure of the modification of 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure explaining the structure which adhere | attaches a microlens array and opening group closely_contact | adhering. (A) is a figure which shows the isometric view structure when using a diffuser. (B) is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure. It is a figure explaining the scattering angle of the scattering surface of the diffuser. (A) is a figure which shows the display unit concerning 2nd Embodiment of this invention. (B) is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of a display unit. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the display apparatus which concerns on 3rd Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the perspective structure which shows the display unit of 4th Embodiment. 1 illustrates a digital camera that is an example of an imaging apparatus. A mobile phone is shown as an example of the mobile electronic device.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of a display unit, a display device, an electronic device, a portable electronic device, a mobile phone, and an imaging device according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited by the following embodiment.

  It is known that the depth of field of a camera increases when the lens aperture is reduced, and it is possible to take a focused photograph from the front to the back. Therefore, the depth of field can be expanded by artificially reducing the pupil of the eye, and the near point that is difficult to focus with presbyopia can be focused. The present invention provides a display unit, a display device, an electronic device, a portable electronic device, a mobile phone, and an imaging device that have equivalently reduced the pupil of the eye.

(Basic configuration of the embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a basic configuration of a display device according to the present embodiment. The concept of the display principle according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, a lens 3 is an eye lens of a person who observes the display (observer). The pupil 3 a is the pupil of the eye 3. Here, the pupil 3a is an opening of the lens 3 of the eye.

  Light emitted from the apertures 1a, 1b, and 1c is projected by the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c so that the respective images are superimposed on the pupil 3a. Therefore, the pitches (intervals) of the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c are set so that light emitted from the openings 1a, 1b, and 1c overlaps at the position of the pupil 3a.

That is, the relationship represented by the following formula is established.
Lp / Pp = L / (L + fb)
here,
Lp is the pitch (interval) of the lenses 2a, 2b, 2c,
Pp is the pitch of the openings 1a, 1b, 1c,
L is the distance from the pupil 3a to the lens 2b,
fb is the distance between the aperture 1a and the lens 2b,
It is.

  The size 4 of the images of the openings 1a, 1b, and 1c projected onto the pupil 3a is set smaller than the diameter of the pupil 3a. That is, the luminous flux (size 4) passing through the pupil 3a is smaller than the pupil 3a. The lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c are projected onto the retina 5 by the eye lens 3 to form lens images 6a, 6b, and 6c. When the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c are considered as pixels, the lens images 6a, 6b, and 6c are pixel images. An image can be viewed by applying image signal light to the openings 1a, 1b, and 1c.

  Here, in the case of the presbyopic human eye, the focus is not on the retina 5. However, since the light beams (size 4) smaller than the pupil 3a are used for the image formation of the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c, which are pixels, an image having a deep focal depth is formed. Therefore, the observer can easily see the focused image. This will be described later with reference to FIG.

  A plurality of openings may be provided corresponding to each of the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c that are pixels. In other words, the aperture groups 7a, 7b, 7c may be provided corresponding to the lenses 2a, 2b, 2c, respectively.

  The aperture groups 7a, 7b, and 7c are projected by the lens 2b to form aperture images 8a, 8b, and 8c. Here, images 8b and 8c of the aperture groups 7a and 7b are formed by the lens 2a. Images 8a and 8b of the aperture groups 7b and 7c are formed by the lens 2c.

  In FIG. 1, a linear gap is provided between the opening group and the adjacent opening group. This gap is described for clarity of explanation. Therefore, in practice, no unnecessary gap exists between the aperture groups. The description of the gap between the aperture groups is the same in the following drawings.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an optical system of a display device having a basic configuration. The imaging relationship between the aperture 1 and the lens 2 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The aperture 1 is projected by the lens 2 onto the eye lens 3. Specifically, the light emitted from the point 12a on the aperture 1 becomes light rays 10a and 10b indicated by solid lines after passing through the lens 2. Then, an image 13a of the point 12a is formed on the eye lens 3 by the light rays 10a and 10b.

  The light emitted from the point 12b on the opening 1 is transmitted through the lens 2 to become light rays 10c and 10d indicated by dotted lines. Then, an image 13b of a point 12b is formed on the eye lens 3 by the light beams 10c and 10d.

  The lens 2 is focused on the vicinity 5 a of the retina 5 by the eye lens 3. Specifically, the point 2 'of the lens 2 forms an image at the point 6' as indicated by the light rays 10b, 11b, 10d, and 11d. Further, the point 2 ″ of the lens 2 forms an image at the point 6 ″ as indicated by the light rays 10a, 11a, 10c, and 11c. Thus, the image 6 of the lens 2 is formed in the vicinity 5a of the retina 5.

  The property of the image of the aperture group will be described. The focal length of the lens 2 is short, and the focal depth of the image of the aperture group projected onto the pupil 3a of the observer's eye is deep. When the focal length is short at the same imaging distance, the magnification is high. Then, since the NA on the image side becomes very small, the depth of focus becomes deep. Therefore, it is not necessary to focus accurately on the pupil.

  Using FIGS. 3 (a), 3 (b), and 3 (c), it will be described that forming an image of an aperture smaller than the pupil (size 104) at the pupil position has the same effect as reducing the pupil. To do. Consider a case where an observer observes points A and B.

  In the case of presbyopia, since the refractive power of the lens 3 of the eye is weak, it cannot focus on the retina 5. Therefore, the images of the points A and B formed by the light beams 14 and 15 transmitted through the pupil of the eye lens 3 spread on the retina 5 like a circular area A ′ and a circular area B ′, respectively. For this reason, an in-focus image cannot be seen.

  In addition, since the circular area A ′ and the circular area B ′ partially overlap, the observer cannot recognize the circular area A ′ and the circular area B ′ separately. Therefore, the observer cannot see the resolved image.

  On the other hand, the images of the points A and B formed by the light beams 16 and 17 smaller than the pupil become smaller on the retina 6 as a circular area A ″ and a circular area B ″, respectively. Therefore, a focused image can be seen as compared with the circular area A ′ and the circular area B ′.

  Furthermore, the circular area A ″ and the circular area B ″ do not overlap at all. For this reason, the observer can recognize the circular area A ″ and the circular area B ″ separately. That is, the observer can see the resolved image. In the present embodiment, the depth of field is increased by making a pupil narrowly equivalent by causing a light beam thinner than the pupil to enter the pupil.

  In addition, although the opening said here is preferable circular as mentioned above, it does not necessarily need to be round.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another basic configuration. The openings 1a, 1b and 1c are arranged at the same pitch as the lenses 2a, 2b and 2c which are pixels. That is, the pitch Pp and the pitch Lp have the same configuration. Light emitted from the apertures 1a, 1b, and 1c is projected onto the pupil of the lens 3 of the viewer's eye by the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c. Here, as shown in FIG. 1, if there is nothing between the lenses 2a, 2b and 2c and the eye lens 3, the images of the apertures do not overlap.

  Accordingly, the field lens 9 is disposed on the image side of the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c. Thereby, each image of opening 1a, 1b, 1c is formed so that it may overlap with the pupil of the lens 3 of an eye. Thus, when the pitch Pp of the openings 1a, 1b, and 1c and the pitch Lp of the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c are made the same, the field lens 9 needs to be used.

  Moreover, the structure provided with the some opening corresponding to each of lens 2a, 2b, 2c which is a pixel may be sufficient. That is, the aperture groups 7a, 7b, 7c are formed corresponding to the lenses 2a, 2b, 2c, respectively.

  The aperture groups 7a, 7b, and 7c are projected by the lens 2b to form aperture images 8a, 8b, and 8c. Here, the images 8b and 8c of the aperture groups 7a and 7b are formed by the lens 2a. Images 8a and 8b of the aperture groups 7b and 7c are formed by the lens 2c.

  Next, optical properties common to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 4 will be described.

  When projecting an aperture, an image of at least one aperture is projected into the pupil. In order to increase the depth of field, it is desirable that the diameter of the light beam entering the observer's pupil, that is, the size of the projected image by the aperture lens is smaller than the pupil diameter.

The pupil diameter at normal brightness is about 3 mm. For this reason, in order to expand the depth of field, the beam diameter, that is, the diameter and size of the image of the aperture is preferably 2.8 mm or less.
On the other hand, as the beam diameter becomes smaller, the eye resolving power deteriorates.

The angular resolving power θ of the eye can be expressed by the following equation (1).
θ = λ / Φ (1)
here,
λ is wavelength,
Φ is the beam diameter,
Respectively.

  Therefore, when the wavelength is 0.55 μm, the resolving power (diffraction limit) with a beam diameter of 2 mm substantially corresponds to a visual acuity of 1.0. When the luminous flux is reduced to 1 mm, the visual acuity decreases to 0.5. However, since there is a resolution of about 0.17 mm at 300 mm ahead, there is usually no problem.

  When the beam diameter is reduced to 0.5 mm, the visual acuity is reduced to 0.25. The resolving power after 300 mm is reduced to about 0.33 mm. If it is this extent, the character of about 3 mm can be somehow identified.

  Furthermore, when the beam diameter is reduced to 0.2 mm, the visual acuity is reduced to 0.1. In this case, the resolving power after 300 mm is reduced to 0.9 mm. Therefore, the lower limit is to narrow the beam diameter to about 0.5 mm.

  Note that the boundary of the intensity distribution of the projected image of the aperture may not be clear due to the influence of diffraction or the like. Thus, when the boundary of a projection image is not clear, the magnitude | size of a projection image can be considered equivalent to a full width at half maximum.

  There are many short distances that presbyopic people can hardly see. For this reason, it is preferable to project the image of the opening 300 mm ahead, assuming that the distance to the observer is 300 mm so that a distance of about 300 mm is easy to see. Depending on the application, shorter distances are also conceivable.

  In order to obtain the effect of expanding the depth of field, the projected size of the aperture is preferably set to about 2.8 mm or less than 2.8 mm. In addition, since the size of the lens corresponds to the size of each pixel, 500 μm or less is preferable for high-definition display.

  Furthermore, the resolving power when a person with a visual acuity of 1.0 looks at an object 300 mm away is about 0.1 mm. At this time, the size of the lens is preferably half that of 0.05 mm, that is, about 50 μm. The size of the lens refers to the diameter of the lens or the length of one side of the lens.

On the other hand, it is necessary to consider the spread of the light beam due to diffraction. The spread angle ψ due to diffraction is expressed by the following equation (2).
ψ = λ / D (2)
here,
λ is wavelength,
D is the size of the opening (diameter or length of one side),
It is.

Accordingly, when observed at the distance Z, the magnitude φ of the light flux is expressed by the following equation (3).
φ = λZ / D (3)
here,
λ is wavelength,
Z is the observation distance,
D is the size of the opening (diameter or length of one side),
It is.

  When D = 50 μm, φ = 3.3 mm. It can be seen that there is almost no effect of equivalently constricting the pupil with the luminous flux. Therefore, the size of the lens is preferably 50 μm or more. Further, the size of the lens for keeping the luminous flux at 1 mm on the pupil is 165 μm when the observation distance is 300 mm. From the above, it is desirable that the size of the lens is 50 to 500 μm.

  Next, referring to FIGS. 5A, 5B, and 6, the display principle described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 is applied to a normal LCD (liquid crystal display, liquid crystal device) or organic EL (organic). Issues that occur when applied to display devices such as EL displays and organic EL devices are described.

  Note that a pixel of a flat panel display (FPD) such as a normal LCD or organic EL is referred to as an “information pixel” in order to distinguish it from a lens that is a pixel of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5B, the display unit includes a microlens array 18 and an opening group 19 having openings.

  The lenses of the microlens array 18 have the functions and effects of the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c described in FIG. Moreover, the opening of the opening group 19 has the effect | action and effect of opening 1a, 1b, 1c of FIG. 1 similarly.

  The display unit is used on the display device 20. The information pixel 21 of the display device 20 has a stripe configuration of R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue) as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 5B shows the basic configuration shown in FIG. 1, and the microlens array 18 is smaller than the size of the display device 20 and the aperture group 19.

  The aperture group 19 is illuminated by the information pixel 21 of the display device 20, and has an R, G, B stripe pattern similar to the stripe configuration of the information pixel. The lenses of the microlens array 18 corresponding to the R, G, and B aperture groups 19 also have a stripe shape.

  Due to recent advances in LCDs, high definition has progressed, and the size of information pixels is about 0.09 mm × 0.09. The size of the sub information pixel of each color of R, G, and B is as small as about 30 μm × 90 μm. Then, the size of the lens corresponding to the size is 30 μm × 90 μm or less.

  The reason why the size of the lens is as described above is that when the field lens effect is used, Pp = Lp. Further, when no field lens is used, there is a relationship of Lp / Pp = L / (L + fb), and the lens pitch Lp <Pp.

When the size of the lens is 30 μm, the diffraction spread reaches 5.5 mm from the equation (3). For this reason, the aperture cannot be projected smaller than the pupil diameter.
Further, even in the case of a larger information pixel, for example, a size of 0.18 mm × 0.18 mm, in order to make the sub information pixel correspond to the aperture group 19, the size of the information pixel in the display range of the display device 20 is 0. It is necessary to match the inclination of the display unit and the information pixel 21 to 18 mm or less.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 6, it is necessary to keep the inclination θ of the display device 20 (information pixel 21) and the aperture group 19 within the size of one information pixel within the display range of the display device 20. Therefore, when the size of the information pixel is small, it is necessary to align the display device 20 and the aperture group 19 with high accuracy, that is, to adjust the inclination. The inclination of the display device 20 and the aperture group 19 includes a state in which one of the display device 20 and the aperture group 19 is rotated with one of the normals of the surface as an axis.

(First embodiment)
FIG. 7A is a perspective view showing the configuration of the display unit according to the first embodiment. Usually, a large number of lenses are provided, but for the sake of simplicity, 3 × 3 of the many lenses are shown here.

  The display unit includes a microlens array 22, an aperture group 23, and a spacer 24. The light from the R, G, and B sub information pixels of the information pixel 21 of the LCD spreads between the spacers 24 and reaches the opening of the opening group 23.

  FIG. 7A shows the basic configuration shown in FIG. 1, in which the microlens array 22 is smaller than the size of the aperture group 23 and the spacer 24.

  Therefore, R, G, and B light are incident on one opening. For this reason, the size of the lens of the microlens array may be larger than that of the information pixel. That is, in this embodiment, since the size of the lens can be increased, the diffraction spread can be suppressed. As a result, the aperture can be projected smaller than the pupil diameter. Further, since the display device 20 (information pixel 21) and the aperture group 19 need only be aligned with respect to the spacer 24, high accuracy is not required for the alignment between the two (the alignment is easy). it can).

(First modification)
FIG. 7B shows a cross-sectional configuration of a first modification of the first embodiment. In the case of the basic configuration shown in FIG. 4, the size of the aperture group 23 and the spacer 24 is the same as the size of the microlens array 22. In this configuration, the above-described field lens is used.

  In FIG. 7A, a space is provided between the microlens array 22 and the aperture group 23. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. 8, a configuration may be used in which the microlens array 22 and the aperture group 23 are in close contact with each other without space.

  Thus, this embodiment is particularly effective for a display device in which the size of information pixels (information pixel pitch) is 0.3 mm or less. This is particularly effective when the size of R, G, B sub information pixels (sub information pixel pitch) is 0.1 mm or less.

  In order to form the opening, first, a metal thin film such as chromium is formed on the planar side of the microlens array 22 and the spacer 24. Next, an opening is formed by etching the metal thin film.

  Another procedure for forming the openings may be to open the openings by applying a light shielding resin containing black carbon or the like to the planar side of the microlens array 22 or the spacer 24. As a coating method, printing methods such as letterpress printing, intaglio printing, offset printing, and screen printing can be used.

(Second modification)
FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional configuration of a first modification of the first embodiment. In this modification, a case where the spacer 24 cannot be sufficiently thick will be described. In this case, a diffuser 26 as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B is used instead of the spacer.
FIG. 9A is a diagram showing a perspective configuration when the diffuser 26 is used. FIG. 9B is a diagram showing the cross-sectional configuration. The diffuser 26 has a scattering surface 25 on which minute random irregularities are formed. By using the diffuser 26, R, G, and B light can be incident on one opening.

  Here, the scattering surface 25 may be either a configuration formed on the surface of the diffuser 26 on the opening group 23 side or a configuration formed on the surface of the diffuser 26 opposite to the opening group 23. Further, the scattering surface 25 and the diffuser 26 may be integrally formed.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the scattering angle of the scattering surface of the diffuser 26. When the degree of diffusion of the information pixels 21 of the display device is small, the surface in contact with the information pixels 21 may be a scattering surface. Here, in order to use the light quantity effectively, the scattering angle of the scattering surface of the diffuser 26 is preferably within 10 °. In this specification, the scattering angle is an angle at which the scattering intensity becomes a half value. Of course, the diffuser 26 itself may be made of a scattering material.

  As described above, the first modified example includes the spacer 24, and the second modified example includes the diffuser 26. Therefore, also in both modified examples, the same effect as the first embodiment can be obtained.

(Second Embodiment)
FIG. 11A is a diagram showing a display unit according to the second embodiment. FIG. 11B is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the display unit. As shown in the figure, the display unit of this embodiment has a microlens array 22, an aperture group 23, and a scattering surface 25. The display unit of this embodiment is used by being mounted on a display device (not shown). The display device is generally a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display. Since the display unit of the present embodiment includes the diffusing surface 25, the same operational effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  That is, when the display device to which the display unit is attached has a protective glass or the like, a thick diffuser is not necessary. The aperture part of the aperture group 23 may be the scattering surface 25. In order to use the light quantity effectively, the scattering angle is preferably within 10 °.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a display device according to a third embodiment will be described.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a display device according to the third embodiment. Usually, there are many lenses, but only 3 × 3 of them are shown here.

  The display device includes a microlens array 22, an aperture group 23, a spacer 24, and a display device 27. The display device is generally a flat panel display such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display.

  The lenses of the microlens array 22 have the functions and effects of the lenses 2a, 2b, and 2c described in FIG. Similarly, the openings of the opening group 23 have the functions and effects of the openings 1a, 1b, and 1c. Instead of the spacer 24, a diffuser 26 may be used.

  Light from information pixels of the display device 27 diverges and travels, and then is transmitted to the openings of the opening group 23. In order to effectively use the amount of light from the information pixel and transmit the image information of the information pixel to the aperture group 23 as much as possible, it is desirable that the diffusion angle of the diffuser 26 is appropriate.

Hereinafter, several numerical examples will be shown and described.
Here, if the distance to the observer is L and the projection magnification by the lens is m, the distance fb between the aperture and the lens is fb = L / m. The focal length F of the lens is fbL / (L + fb).

  The size of the information pixel of the display device 27 is 0.18 mm × 0.18 mm. When the pitch of the aperture group 23 is adjusted to the pitch of the information pixels, Pp is 0.18 mm. The size of the opening is 10 μm. In order to make a 1 mm projection image enter the observer's pupil, the projection magnification of the lens is 100 times.

  If the distance to the observer is 300 mm, the focal length of the lens is 2.97 mm. The aperture is placed at the rear focal position of 3 mm of the lens. Since the focal length of the lens is small, when projecting 300 mm ahead, it is almost the same as infinite projection. If the distance between the openings closest to each other is 30 μm, the distance is 3 mm at the position of the observer.

  When the pupil is moved by 3 mm, the image is viewed with a light beam by the projection image of the adjacent aperture. The lens pitch Lp of the microlens array is 0.178 mm from Lp = PpL (L + fb). The numerical aperture of the lens of the microlens array 22 is 0.03, and the thickness of the spacer 24 is also required to be about 3 mm to allow light from an information pixel having a size of 0.18 mm to enter the lens. If the diffuser 26 is used, the thickness can be reduced. Further, when the diffuser 26 having a scattering angle of 10 ° is used, the thickness can be reduced to about 1 mm.

  The size of the information pixel of the display device 27 is 0.09 mm × 0.09 mm. When the pitch of the aperture group 23 is adjusted to the pitch of the information pixels, Pp is 0.09 mm. In order to make the size of the aperture 10 μm and allow a projected image of 1.5 mm to enter the observer's pupil, the projection magnification of the lens is 150 times.

  If the distance to the observer is 300 mm, the focal length of the lens is 2.01 mm. Since the focal length of the lens is small, when projecting 300 mm ahead, it is almost the same as infinite projection. The aperture is placed at the rear focal position of 2 mm of the lens. If the distance between the openings closest to each other is 30 μm, the distance is 4.5 mm at the position of the observer. When the pupil is moved by 4.5 mm, the image is viewed with a light beam by a projection image of the adjacent aperture.

  The lens pitch Lp of the microlens array 22 is 0.089 mm from Lp = PpL (L + fb). The numerical aperture of the lens of the microlens array 22 is 0.022. In order to put light from an information pixel having a size of 0.09 mm into the lens, the thickness of the spacer 24 needs to be about 2 mm. If the diffuser 26 is used, the thickness can be reduced. Furthermore, when the diffuser 26 having a scattering angle of 10 ° is used, the thickness can be reduced to about 0.5 mm.

  The above numerical examples can also be applied to the display units of the first and second embodiments.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a display unit according to a fourth embodiment of the invention will be described.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating a display unit according to the fourth embodiment. The display unit 28 has a function of being detachable from the electronic device. In this embodiment, a digital camera is used as an example of an electronic device.

  The digital camera 29 includes an imaging lens (not shown) on the front surface thereof. The digital camera 29 is provided with a release button 34, a mode button 33, and a display device 30. As the display device 28, a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display is generally used.

  The display unit 28 is provided with upper and lower attachment hooks 31 and serves as an attachment to the digital camera. On the digital camera 29 side, mounting holes 32 are provided at positions (up and down) corresponding to the mounting hooks 31.

  The display unit 28 can be attached in close contact with the display device 30 by engaging the attachment hook 31 with the attachment hole 32. The attachment hook 31 is formed of a flexible plastic or the like. Thereby, the display unit 28 can be freely attached and detached.

When the display unit 28 is attached to the digital camera 29, a person with presbyopia, myopia, or astigmatism can check images and information displayed on the display device 30 without wearing glasses. Thereby, not only focus and composition but also GUI (graphical user interface) can be easily confirmed. For this reason, it is possible to shoot by selecting a preferred shooting mode with the mode button 34.
By attaching the display unit 28 to the digital camera 29 as an attachment, the original function can be used.

  The attachment / detachment mechanism shown here is effective for attachment / detachment to / from electronic devices including portable electronic devices such as mobile phones as well as imaging devices other than display devices and digital cameras. Needless to say, mechanisms other than the attachment / detachment mechanism shown here may be used to generate similar actions and effects.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, an imaging apparatus according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 14 illustrates a digital camera that is an example of an imaging apparatus. The digital camera 35 includes an imaging lens (not shown) on the front surface thereof. The digital camera 35 is provided with a release button 36, a mode button 37, and a display device 38.

  The user takes a picture by pressing the release button 37 while confirming an image taken through the imaging lens on the display device 38. In the present embodiment, the display device shown in FIG.

  Therefore, even a person with presbyopia, nearsightedness, or astigmatism can check the displayed image without putting on or taking off the glasses. In addition, the focus and composition can be confirmed. Moreover, GUI (graphical user interface) can also be confirmed. For this reason, it becomes possible to select and shoot a desired shooting mode with the mode button 37.

  The mode button is a switch for setting shooting conditions such as shooting sensitivity, landscape mode, and night view mode. The mode button includes a zoom lever (zoom operation switch) (not shown). Here, only one mode button is shown, but a plurality of mode buttons may be provided.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a portable electronic device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 15 illustrates a mobile phone as an example of the mobile electronic device. The cellular phone 39 includes a call switch, a numeric keypad 41 for inputting characters, and a display device 40. The mobile phone 39 includes not only a telephone but also a display device for acquiring information by mail or Internet connection.

  The mobile phone 39 of this embodiment uses the display device shown in FIG. For this reason, even presbyopia, myopia, and astigmatism can view information displayed on the display device in a focused state without wearing glasses. Therefore, not only phone calls but also mails can be made.

  Further, by pressing the camera mode switch 42, it is possible to take a picture with a camera (not shown) provided integrally with the mobile phone 39. Even people with presbyopia, myopia, and astigmatism can take pictures by checking the composition and focus without taking off reading glasses. In other words, since a monitor (display device 40) that allows a person with presbyopia, hyperopia, myopia, or astigmatism to check the display without wearing glasses, the functions added to the mobile phone can be used.

The display unit, the display device, and the electronic apparatus including the display unit according to the present invention have an effect of expanding the depth of focus of the eye by making the light beam incident on the observer's pupil smaller than the pupil diameter. As a result, it is possible to provide a display device and an electronic device in which the depth of field is expanded and a person who is not focused on the display position can view the focused display.
By using the display unit, display device, or electronic device of the present invention, a presbyopic person can see a focused display without wearing (removing) reading glasses. Furthermore, the display unit, display device, or electronic device of the present invention can reduce the burden on the eyes of a presbyopic observer and can be observed without adding reading glasses or other optical members.
Therefore, mobile devices such as mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic books, car navigation systems, PC monitor screens, etc. according to the present invention can be displayed in a state in which a presbyopic person is in focus without taking off reading glasses. Can be seen. Furthermore, even a person with hyperopia or nearsightedness can see a focused image (all displayed information such as characters as well as pictures) without using glasses. As a result, in the electronic device according to the present invention, even a person with presbyopia or myopia or astigmatism who cannot see the display with a normal electronic device understands the display content with a focused display, and operates the electronic device accurately. Can be done.
The present invention can take various modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  As described above, the present invention is useful for a display unit, a display device, an electronic device, and the like that are easily focused.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1a, 1b, 1c Aperture 2a, 2b, 2c Lens 3 Eye lens 4 Size 5 Retina 6a, 6b, 6c Lens image 7a, 7b, 7c Aperture group 8a, 8b, 8c Image 9 Field lens 10a, 10b, 10c 10d rays 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d rays 12a, 12b points 13a, 13b points 14, 15, 16, 17 luminous flux 18 microlens array 19 aperture group 20 display device 21 information pixel 22 microlens array 23 aperture group 24 spacer 25 Scattering surface 26 Diffuser 27 Display device 28 Display unit 29 Digital camera 30 Display device 31 Mounting hook 32 Mounting hole 33 Mode button 34 Mode button 35 Digital camera 36 Release button 37 Mode button 38 Display device 39 Mobile phone 40 Display device 41 ten-key 42 Camera Mode Switch

Claims (42)

Spacers,
A plurality of aperture groups illuminated through the spacer;
A display unit comprising a plurality of lenses for projecting the aperture group,
The aperture group has at least one aperture;
Each of the lenses is arranged so as to project an image of the aperture group so as to overlap,
The projected images of the plurality of lenses are generated on the observer's retina by causing the overlapping of the aperture groups to enter the observer's pupil,
A display unit, wherein a size of an aperture projected by the lens is smaller than a pupil diameter of an observer's eye.   The display unit according to claim 1, wherein the lens includes a microlens array.   The display unit according to claim 2, wherein the opening is formed by printing on a plane of the microlens array or the spacer.   3. The display unit according to claim 2, wherein the opening is formed by etching in a plane of the microlens array or the spacer.   The display unit according to claim 1, wherein the spacer is a diffuser.   The display unit according to claim 5, wherein a scattering angle of the diffuser is within 10 °. A plurality of aperture groups;
A display unit comprising a plurality of lenses for projecting the aperture group,
The aperture group has at least one aperture;
A scattering characteristic is given to the opening portion of the opening,
Each of the lenses is arranged so as to project an image of the aperture group so as to overlap,
The projected images of the plurality of lenses are generated on the observer's retina by causing the overlapping of the aperture groups to enter the observer's pupil,
A display unit, wherein a size of an aperture projected by the lens is smaller than a pupil diameter of an observer's eye.   The display unit according to claim 7, wherein a scattering angle of the scattering surface is within 10 °. The display unit according to claim 1, wherein the pitch Pp of the aperture group and the pitch Lp of the lens satisfy the following conditional expression.
Lp / Pp = L / (L + fb)
here,
fb is the distance between the aperture group and the lens;
L is the distance from the lens to the observer's pupil,
It is.   The display unit according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of lenses includes a microlens array.   The display unit according to claim 10, wherein the opening is formed by printing on a plane of the microlens array.   The display unit according to claim 10, wherein the opening is formed by etching in a plane of the microlens array. The arrangement of the aperture group and the lens is the same pitch,
The plurality of lenses are configured by a microlens array,
The display unit according to claim 1, wherein the microlens array is a composite microlens array having a field lens effect of superimposing projection images of the respective aperture groups on each other.   The display unit according to claim 10 or 13, wherein a size of a lens of the microlens array is 0.05 mm or more.   The display unit according to claim 1, wherein the size of the image of the opening is 0.5 mm to 2.8 mm.   The display unit according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanism that can be attached to and detached from a display device that displays an image with a plurality of information pixels.   The display unit according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising a mechanism that can be attached to and detached from the electronic device.   The display unit according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising a mechanism that can be attached to and detached from a portable electronic device.   The display unit according to claim 1, further comprising a mechanism that can be attached to and detached from the mobile phone.   The display unit according to any one of claims 1 to 15, further comprising a mechanism that can be attached to and detached from the imaging apparatus. A display device for displaying an image with a plurality of information pixels;
Spacers,
A plurality of aperture groups;
A display device comprising a plurality of lenses,
Illuminating the aperture group with the information pixel via the spacer;
The aperture group has at least one aperture;
Each of the lenses is arranged so as to project an image of the aperture group so as to overlap,
The projected images of the plurality of lenses are generated on the observer's retina by causing the overlapping of the aperture groups to enter the observer's pupil,
The display device characterized in that the size of the aperture projected by the lens is smaller than the pupil diameter of the observer's eye.   The display device according to claim 21, wherein the spacer is a diffuser.   The display device according to claim 22, wherein a diffusion angle of the diffuser is within 10 °. 24. The display device according to claim 21, wherein a pitch Pp of the aperture group and a pitch Lp of the lens satisfy the following relationship.
Lp / Pp = L / (L + fb)
here,
fb is the distance between the aperture group and the lens;
L is the distance from the lens to the observer's pupil,
It is.   The display device according to claim 24, wherein the plurality of lenses are configured by a microlens array.   The display unit according to claim 25, wherein the opening is formed by printing on a plane of the microlens array or the spacer.   The display unit according to claim 25, wherein the opening is formed by etching in a plane of the microlens array or the spacer. The arrangement of the aperture group and the lens is the same pitch,
The plurality of lenses are configured by a microlens array,
24. The display device according to claim 21, wherein the microlens array is a composite microlens array having a field lens effect of superimposing projection images of the respective aperture groups on each other.   The display device according to claim 25 or 28, wherein a size of the lens of the microlens array is 0.05 mm or more.   30. The display device according to claim 21, wherein the size of the image of the opening is 0.5 to 2.8 mm.   The display device according to any one of claims 21 to 30, wherein an information pixel pitch of the display device is 0.3 mm or less.   32. The display device according to claim 31, wherein the information pixels of the display device are constituted by sub information pixels including at least three colors of red, green, and blue.   The display device according to claim 32, wherein a pixel pitch of the sub information pixels is 0.1 mm or less.   The display device according to any one of claims 21 to 33, wherein the display device is a liquid crystal device.   The display device according to any one of claims 21 to 33, wherein the display device is an organic EL device.   An electronic apparatus comprising the display device according to any one of claims 21 to 35.   A portable electronic device comprising the display device according to any one of claims 21 to 35.   A mobile phone comprising the display device according to any one of claims 21 to 35.   The mobile phone according to claim 38, comprising a mail function.   The mobile phone according to claim 38, comprising a camera function.   36. An imaging apparatus comprising the display device according to any one of claims 21 to 35. 42. The imaging apparatus according to claim 41, further comprising a switch for setting photographing conditions.

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