JP2011052679A - ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置 - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRTYPQGPARWINR-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium platinum Chemical compound [Pd].[Pt] JRTYPQGPARWINR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】エンジンの排気マニホールドに繋がれた排気パイプ上で一番上流側に配置されるディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターと、ディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターの下流側に配置されるディーゼル酸化触媒と、ディーゼル酸化触媒の下流側に配置されてゼオライトを含むアンモニアSCR触媒とを備え、前記のディーゼル酸化触媒はルテニウムで構成された単独活性物質が担持された担体または白金とルテニウムで構成されて白金とルテニウムの重量比が2以下の複合活性物質が担持された担体で成り立つ。
【選択図】図1
Description
窒素酸化物、一酸化炭素及び炭化水素などの有害物質をエンジンの排気から取り除くために、三元触媒変換器(Three−way catalytic converter)がガソリンエンジン車に装着されている。ガソリンエンジンの燃焼後に排出される排気ガスの有害物質は主に炭化水素、一酸化炭素、窒素酸化物である。三元触媒(Three−way catalytic)は窒素酸化物を還元して窒素と酸素に変換し、酸素及び排気ガス内の酸素を還元剤として一酸化炭素を二酸化炭素に、炭化水素を二酸化炭素と水に酸化させる反応によって有害物質の約95%以上を取り除く。
しかし、一般的なディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスは、二酸化窒素の体積量が一酸化窒素に比べて相対的に小さいためアンモニアSCR触媒の窒素酸化物除去能力が低下する問題がある。
また、ディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターがエンジンの排気マニホールドに繋がれた排気パイプ上で一番上流側及びエンジンの排気マニホールドに近く設置されているため、排気ガスの二酸化窒素を通じて自然再生させることができ、さらに、ディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターの全面にコーティングされた酸化触媒が一酸化窒素を二酸化窒素に酸化させ、二酸化窒素によるディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターの自然再生の効果を向上させる。
ディーゼルエンジンは燃料が稀薄で相対的に空気が多い燃料希薄モードで作動するが、ディーゼルエンジンから排出される排気ガスには理論空燃比での燃焼排気ガスより多い酸素及び窒素酸化物が含まれ、二酸化窒素の含量は窒素酸化物の体積の約30体積%以上である。
一般的なディーゼル酸化触媒は、酸化アルミニウム(Al203)担体に担持された白金(Pt)やパラジウム(Pd)成分がハニカム状のセラミック材にコーティングされている。この場合、ディーゼル酸化触媒では主に一酸化炭素、炭化水素の酸化反応が起きる。酸化反応は還元剤として排気ガスに自然に存在する酸素を直接利用するだけでなく、二酸化窒素が一酸化窒素に還元される過程で発生する酸素を間接的に利用する。ディーゼル酸化触媒を通過した排気ガスの窒素酸化物の中で二酸化窒素の含量は、窒素酸化物の約20体積%未満であり、相対的に一酸化窒素の含量が増加することになるため後工程でアンモニアSCR触媒の窒素酸化物除去效率を低下させることになる。
また、下の表1に白金とルテニウムの構成比別の一酸化炭素の酸化反応の活性化温度、一酸化窒素の二酸化窒素への最大転換效率及び最大転換效率の反応温度を示した。
したがって、本発明によるディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスの後処理装置は、窒素酸化物のより高い体積%(またはモル%)の二酸化窒素を含む排気ガスをアンモニアSCR触媒に供給することができる。
アンモニアSCR触媒では、還元剤をアンモニアで利用して二酸化窒素及び一酸化窒素を無害な窒素ガスに切り替える反応が起こる。一般的に二酸化窒素を還元させる反応がもっと有利で、特に二酸化窒素と一酸化窒素の体積比(すなわち、モル比)が約1の場合、シナジー效果が発生してアンモニアSCR触媒の窒素酸化物の除去能力を向上させることが知られている。本発明によるディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置は、二酸化窒素の体積含量:一酸化窒素の体積含量の比が一般的なディーゼルエンジンの排気ガスの後処理装置より相対的に1に近い状態である排気ガスをアンモニアSCR触媒に供給することができるので、アンモニアSCR触媒の窒素酸化物の除去效率を最大にできる。
Claims (9)
- エンジンの排気マニホールドに繋がれた排気パイプ上で一番上流側に配置されるディーゼル粒子状物質フィルター(Diesel Particulate Filter、DPF)と、
ディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターの下流側に配置されるディーゼル酸化触媒(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst、DOC)と、
ディーゼル酸化触媒の下流側に配置されてゼオライトを含むアンモニアSCR(Selective Catalyst Reduction)触媒とを備え、
前記のディーゼル酸化触媒はルテニウム(Ru)で構成された単独活性物質が担持された担体または白金とルテニウムで構成されて白金とルテニウムの重量比が2以下の複合活性物質が担持された担体で成り立つことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。 - 前記ディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターは、エンジンの排気マニホールドに近く設置されることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記ディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターは、全面が酸化触媒でコーティングされたことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記ディーゼル粒子状物質フィルターの全面にコーティングされた酸化触媒は白金とパラジウムで構成されて白金とパラジウムの重量比が2〜6であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記のアンモニアSCR触媒は転移金属にイオン交換されたゼオライトで成り立つことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記の転移金属にイオン交換されたゼオライトは鉄または銅の中の一つ以上の転移金属にイオン交換されたゼオライトであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記のディーゼル酸化触媒の担体は酸化アルミニウム(A1203)であり、活性物質はディーゼル酸化触媒の全体の重量を基準で0.5〜5重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記のアンモニアSCR触媒の転移金属の含量はゼオライトの全体の重量を基準で1〜4重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。
- 前記ディーゼルエンジンから排出される排気ガス内の二酸化窒素の含量は窒素酸化物の全体の体積を基準で30体積%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれか一項に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気ガス後処理装置。
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WO2014027207A1 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-20 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Zeolite promoted v/ti/w catalysts |
CN104338545B (zh) * | 2014-10-21 | 2016-05-11 | 无锡威孚环保催化剂有限公司 | 一种应用于柴油机尾气氮氧化物净化的高效scr催化剂 |
MX2018002212A (es) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-08-14 | Basf Corp | Catalizadores de tratamiento de gas de escape. |
GB201617350D0 (en) * | 2016-10-13 | 2016-11-30 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Oxidation catalyst for a diesel engine exhaust |
WO2018057844A1 (en) * | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-29 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Ruthenium supported on supports having a rutile phase as stable ammonia slip catalysts |
GB201617349D0 (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2016-11-30 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Oxidation catalyst for hydrocarbons produced by an internal combustion engine |
US20200362741A1 (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2020-11-19 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Exhaust system including paticulate filter with oxidation zone capable of generating no2 under lean conditions |
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