JP2010535805A - 経口経粘膜剤形を使用する処置時の鎮静および無痛のための組成物および方法 - Google Patents
経口経粘膜剤形を使用する処置時の鎮静および無痛のための組成物および方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この出願は、2007年8月7日に出願された米国仮出願第60/954,501号の優先権の利益を主張する。
別段の定めがない限り、本明細書において用いられる全ての専門的および科学的用語は、本発明が属する技術の当業者に一般に理解されるのと同じ意味を有する。本明細書に記載のものと類似または等価の任意の方法、デバイスおよび材料が、本発明の実践または試験に用いられうるが、好ましい方法、デバイスおよび材料を以下に記載する。
「活性薬剤」または、「活性」という用語は、本明細書において「薬物」という用語と互換可能に使用されることができ、本明細書において任意の治療的に活性な薬剤をさすために使用される。
本発明は、処置時の鎮静および無痛のための組成物、方法、システムおよびキットに関する。
ベンゾジアゼピン類は、原始的情緒反応に関与するとみられる脳内深部のエリア、大脳辺縁系に作用することにより不安を軽減すると考えられる薬物である。ベンゾジアゼピンクラスの薬物の代表例には、トリアゾラム、ミダゾラム、テマゼパム、エスタゾラム、アルプラゾラム、ジアゼパムおよびロラゼパムが含まれるがこれに限定されず、通常は経口服用される。
トリアゾラムまたは8‐クロロ‐6‐(o‐クロロフェニル)‐1‐メチル‐4H‐s‐トリアゾロ‐[4,3‐アルファ][1,4]ベンゾジアゼピンは、343の分子量を有し、Halcion(登録商標)、Novodorm(登録商標)、Songar(登録商標)の商標名で市販される)。トリアゾラムは、不眠症を治療するための鎮静剤としてのみ一般に使用されるベンゾジアゼピン誘導体である。
経口ミダゾラムは、手術または医療処置の前または間に、鎮静剤として使用される。ミダゾラムは非常に迅速に作用し、したがって鎮静、健忘、および不安の緩和をもたらすため、麻酔に有用である。これは、診断または治療処置の前、および麻酔の導入前の子供の意識下鎮静のために一般的に用いられる薬剤となっている。
不安は、肺、心臓、および他の身体的感覚を伴うことが多い、懸念、恐怖、および心配の複合感覚である。これは、侵襲要因に対する自己制約された生理的反応でありうる一般的な状態あり、または持続して消耗性の感情をもたらしうる。
オピオイド類は強力な無痛剤であり、中度から強度の急性および慢性の痛みを治療するために利用される。特に子供において、処置時の不安を処置するためにオピオイド類の経粘膜投与が用いられているが、オピオイドの単独使用で必要とされる用量は、無痛目的に必要とされるよりも高く、呼吸の低下および悪心嘔吐の発生の増加をもたらしうるため、安全性の懸念を引き起こし、術後回復室から出るのも遅れうる。(Clin.Pharmacol and Therapeutics 59:341,1996)。
オピオイド類は、鎮静剤であると同時に強力な無痛剤であるが、急性の使用中のそう痒症、呼吸の低下および/または悪心嘔吐、長期使用により身体的依存、依存行動の可能性および耐性を生じさせることが分かっている。ベンゾジアゼピン類は、強力な抗不安薬であるが、無痛特性を有しない。
本明細書に記載の小体積経口経粘膜薬物剤形は、口腔への投与後に嚥下されることが予定される従来の大きな経口剤形と比較して、少ない唾液反応をもたらす。そのような従来の大きな経口投与形態の結果、相当量の薬物が胃腸内経路により送達されることが多い。
本発明は、処置時の鎮静および無痛のための、対象への薬物剤形の経口経粘膜送達のための投薬デバイス、およびそれを使用する方法をさらに提供する。
経口経粘膜薬物送達は、鎮静および無痛を達成するために単一の薬物剤形を投与するための、単純な非侵襲的手段を提供する。経GI管のバイオアベイラビリティが乏しいものなどの一定の薬物や、麻酔前など、患者が経口薬を摂取できない状況では、経口経粘膜送達が、薬物が嚥下される従来の経口投与の方法にまさる大きな利点を提供する。
二つの異なる舌下スフェンタニル製剤が、侵食が遅い形(約15〜25分の浸食時間)と侵食が速い形(約6〜12分の浸食時間)とを含む第1相臨床試験において以前に評価された。患者が、μ―オピオイド受容体アンタゴニストのナルトレキソン(50mg経口一日二回)でブロックされた。米国特許出願第11/985,162号に詳述される研究において、時間に対するスフェンタニル血漿中濃度が分析され、表化された。最大血漿中スフェンタニル濃度(Cmax)、Cmax到達時間(Tmax)、曲線下面積(AUCinf)、Cmax、Tmaxおよびt1/2を含むFおよび消失半減期t1/2が、各用量群について評価された。関連の結果は、下表1Aおよび1Bにまとめられる。
表1A.スフェンタニル薬物動態学的パラメータのまとめ
表1B.スフェンタニルの薬物動態学的パラメータのまとめ
3つの異なる強度の錠剤を用いて舌下経路により投与されたスフェンタニルおよび/またはトリアゾラムの薬物動態および薬力学が、第1相臨床試験で評価された。実験デザインは、ランダム化された2コホート、5アームクロスオーバー、オープンラベル1日目および2日目、二重盲検3〜5日目、単回用量、絶食のデザインである。研究は、以下のように2コホートに分割された24人の正常な、健常の禁煙者男女を対象とした:コホート1:年齢範囲18〜60歳の12人の男女対象、およびコホート2:年齢範囲61〜80歳の12人の男女対象。
表2:スフェンタニル/トリアゾラムの錠剤あたりの画分組成
表3:各強度のスフェンタニル/トリアゾラム錠剤の錠剤あたりの質量(mg)組成
表6:RASS鎮静のAUCtotalの分析:61歳未満だった対象。
表7:RASS鎮静の全継続時間のAUCの分析:61歳未満であった対象
表8:RASS鎮静の発現(時間)の分析
少なくとも61歳であった対象
表9:RASS鎮静評価のAUCtotalの分析:少なくとも61歳であった対象
表11:スフェンタニル薬物動態学的パラメータのまとめ:61歳未満だった対象
用量を5mcg IVスフェンタニルコンパレータに対して正規化することにより相対的AUC0‐lastの値が得られた。
表12:トリアゾラム薬物動態学的パラメータのまとめ
61歳未満であった対象
用量を125mcgの経口トリアゾラムコンパレータに対して正規化することにより相対的AUC0‐lastの値が得られた。
表13:スフェンタニル薬物動態学的パラメータのまとめ
少なくとも61歳であった対象
用量を5mcgのIVスフェンタニルコンパレータに対して正規化することにより相対的AUC0‐lastの値が得られた。
表14:トリアゾラム薬物動態学的パラメータのまとめ
最低61歳であった対象
用量を125mcgの経口トリアゾラムコンパレータに対して正規化することにより相対的AUC0‐lastの値が得られた。
Claims (40)
- 警戒し、覚醒した対象への経口経粘膜投与のための、固体剤形であり;
スフェンタニルとトリアゾラムとの組み合わせを含み、経口経粘膜投与の後に、該対象が鎮静される、固体剤形。 - 前記剤形が、100mg、90mg、80mg、70mg、60mg、50mg、40mg、30mg、29mg、28mg、27mg、26mg、25mg、24mg、23mg、22mg、21mg、20mg、19mg、18mg、17mg、16mg、15mg、14mg、13mg、12mg、11mg、10mg、9mg、8mg、7mg、6mgおよび5mg未満からなる群より選択される質量を有する、請求項1に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記剤形が、約5マイクログラム(mcg)〜約50mcgのスフェンタニルを含む、請求項2に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記剤形が、約100mcg〜約500mcgのトリアゾラムを含む、請求項2に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記剤形が、約100mcg〜約500mcgのトリアゾラムを含む、請求項3に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記固体剤形の対象に対する経口経粘膜投与の結果、全体的な平均変動係数が40%未満であるスフェンタニルのTmaxがもたらされる、請求項5に記載の薬物剤形。
- 前記経口経粘膜投与が、舌下投与である、請求項1に記載の薬物剤形。
- 前記経口経粘膜投与が、舌下投与である、請求項5に記載の薬物剤形。
- 前記スフェンタニルとトリアゾラムとの組み合わせが前記対象に投与されたときに、同用量のスフェンタニルの単独投与と比較して、該対象への投与の後にRASS鎮静曲線下総面積(AUCtotal)が大きい、請求項1に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記スフェンタニルとトリアゾラムとの組み合わせが前記対象に投与されたときに、同用量のスフェンタニルの単独投与と比較して、該対象への投与の後に曲線下総面積(AUCtotal)が大きい、請求項5に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記スフェンタニルとトリアゾラムとの組み合わせが前記対象に投与されたときに、同用量のスフェンタニルの単独投与と比較して、該対象への投与の後にスフェンタニルの平均Tmaxが実質的に同じである、請求項5に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記スフェンタニルとトリアゾラムとの組み合わせが前記対象に投与されたときに、同用量のスフェンタニルの単独投与と比較して、該対象への投与の後にスフェンタニルの平均Cmaxが実質的に同じである、請求項5に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記対象への投与の後に、一時間未満で鎮静の発現が明らかである、請求項5に記載の固体剤形。
- 投与の後に、前記鎮静の継続時間が4時間以下である、請求項5に記載の固体剤形。
- 前記剤形の対象への経口経粘膜投与の結果、60%より大きいスフェンタニルの相対的AUC0‐lastがもたらされる、請求項5に記載の薬物剤形。
- 前記剤形の対象への経口経粘膜投与の結果、70%より大きいスフェンタニルの相対的AUC0‐lastがもたらされる、請求項5に記載の薬物剤形。
- 前記剤形の対象への経口経粘膜投与の結果、80%より大きいスフェンタニルの相対的AUC0‐lastがもたらされる、請求項5に記載の薬物剤形。
- 前記剤形の対象への経口経粘膜投与の結果、変動係数が40%未満である、スフェンタニルの相対的AUC0‐lastがもたらされる、請求項5に記載の薬物剤形。
- 鎮静を誘導するために有効な量であるが、呼吸の低下を誘導する用量未満であるスフェンタニルを含む、請求項5に記載の固体剤形。
- 請求項5に記載の剤形を含む、単回用量アプリケータ(SDA)。
- 請求項8に記載の剤形を含む、単回用量アプリケータ(SDA)。
- 請求項12に記載の剤形を含む、単回用量アプリケータ(SDA)。
- 対象の処置時の鎮静のための方法であり、請求項1に記載の剤形を対象に投与するステップを含み、該剤形の対象への投与の後に、該対象が鎮静される、方法。
- 対象の処置時の鎮静のための方法であり、請求項5に記載の剤形を、警戒し、覚醒した対象に投与するステップを含み、投与の後に、該対象が鎮静される、方法。
- 前記剤形が、100mg、90mg、80mg、70mg、60mg、50mg、40mg、30mg、29mg、28mg、27mg、26mg、25mg、24mg、23mg、22mg、21mg、20mg、19mg、18mg、17mg、16mg、15mg、14mg、13mg、12mg、11mg、10mg、9mg、8mg、7mg、6mgおよび5mg未満からなる群より選択される質量を有する、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記剤形が、約5マイクログラム(mcg)〜約50mcgのスフェンタニルを含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記剤形が、約100mcg〜約500mcgのトリアゾラムを含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記剤形が、約100mcg〜約500mcgのトリアゾラムを含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 対象の処置時の鎮静のための方法であり、
請求項5に記載の剤形を対象に投与するステップを含み、該剤形の対象への投与の結果、60%より大きい、スフェンタニルの相対的AUC0‐lastがもたらされる、方法。 - 対象の処置時の鎮静のための方法であり、
請求項5に記載の剤形を対象に投与するステップを含み、該剤形の対象への投与の結果、70%より大きい、スフェンタニルの相対的AUC0‐lastがもたらされる、方法。 - 対象の処置時の鎮静のための方法であり、
請求項5に記載の剤形を対象に投与するステップを含み、該剤形の対象への投与の結果、80%より大きい、スフェンタニルの相対的AUC0‐lastがもたらされる、方法。 - 前記剤形の対象への経口経粘膜投与の結果、全体的な平均変動係数が40%未満である、スフェンタニルのTmaxがもたらされる、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記対象への投与の後に、スフェンタニルの平均Tmaxが、同用量のスフェンタニルがトリアゾラムの非存在下で投与されたときと実質的に同じである、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記対象への投与の後に、スフェンタニルの平均Cmaxが、同用量のスフェンタニルがトリアゾラムの非存在下で投与されたときと実質的に同じである、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記経口経粘膜投与は、舌下投与である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記スフェンタニルとトリアゾラムとの組み合わせが前記対象に投与されたときに、同用量のスフェンタニルの単独投与と比較して、該対象の鎮静への投与の後に曲線下総面積(AUCtotal)が大きい、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 前記対象への投与の後に、最初の鎮静の発現が一時間未満で明らかである、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 投与の後に、前記鎮静の継続時間が4時間以下である、請求項28に記載の方法。
- 対象の処置時の鎮静のための方法であり、請求項5に記載の剤形を、該剤形の舌下スペースへの配置のためのハンドヘルド投与デバイスを用いて対象に投与するステップを含む、方法。
- 前記ハンドヘルド投与デバイスが、単回用量アプリケータ(SDA)である、請求項39に記載の方法。
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2008
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- 2008-08-07 EP EP17178215.4A patent/EP3269346A1/en active Pending
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2016504405A (ja) * | 2013-01-14 | 2016-02-12 | ロッセロ ラファエル | ガレヌス製剤の有効成分の投与剤形 |
WO2017146104A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-08-31 | 久光製薬株式会社 | 口腔内貼付剤 |
JPWO2017146104A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-25 | 2018-10-04 | 久光製薬株式会社 | 口腔内貼付剤 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2182902A4 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
WO2009021106A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
EP2604257A1 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
JP5632284B2 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
KR101606944B1 (ko) | 2016-03-28 |
DK2604257T3 (en) | 2017-08-28 |
CA2704929C (en) | 2018-05-15 |
EP2182902B1 (en) | 2015-01-07 |
CN101820838A (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
KR20100052516A (ko) | 2010-05-19 |
CA2704929A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
US20090048237A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
ES2534433T3 (es) | 2015-04-22 |
CN101820838B (zh) | 2013-06-05 |
DK2182902T3 (en) | 2015-04-13 |
EP3269346A1 (en) | 2018-01-17 |
EP2182902A1 (en) | 2010-05-12 |
ES2635137T3 (es) | 2017-10-02 |
EP2604257B1 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
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