JP2007204485A - 抗b型肝炎ウィルス活性を有するヌクレオシド - Google Patents
抗b型肝炎ウィルス活性を有するヌクレオシド Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007204485A JP2007204485A JP2007077327A JP2007077327A JP2007204485A JP 2007204485 A JP2007204485 A JP 2007204485A JP 2007077327 A JP2007077327 A JP 2007077327A JP 2007077327 A JP2007077327 A JP 2007077327A JP 2007204485 A JP2007204485 A JP 2007204485A
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- Prior art keywords
- hepatitis
- hbv
- nucleoside
- chem
- nucleotide
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Abstract
【解決手段】抗B型肝炎活性を示すヌクレオシドの安定化されたヌクレオチドプロドラッグである、β−L−ジデオキシアデノシンのヌクレオチドプロドラッグと第二の化合物であるAZT等とを併用して投与することを含む、HBVに感染した宿主、特にヒトの治療方法。また、そのプロドラッグ体が、モノ、ジ、トリホスフェート等である医薬組成物。
【選択図】なし
Description
HBVに感染した宿主、特にヒトの治療のための方法を提供するものであり、その方法は、次式:
Y1、Y2、Y3及びY4は、独立してH、OH、N3、NR1R2、NO2、NOR3、−O−アルキル、−O−アリール、ハロ(F、Cl、Br又はIを含む)、−CN−、C(O)NH2、SH、−S−アルキル又は−S−アリールであり、一般に、Y1、Y2、Y3及びY4のうちの3つがH又はOHである。この−OH置換基は、存在する時は、一般にY1又はY3基である。構造式に示されるように、Y2及びY4はアラビノ(エリトロ)配置にあり、Y1及びY3は、トレオ(リボース)配置にある。Rは、H、モノホスフェート、ジホスフェート、トリホスフェート、アルキル、アシル又は以下により詳細に記載するホスフェート誘導体である。R1、R2及びR3は、独立してアルキル(特に低級アルキル)、アリール、アラルキル、アルキルアリール、アシル又は水素である〕で示されるものである。
ここで用いられている「エナンチオマー的に純粋な」という用語は、ヌクレオシドの1つのエナンチオマーを少なくとも約95%、好ましくは約97%、98%、99%又は100%含むヌクレオシド組成物を意味する。
立体化学
本明細書中に開示される方法に用いられている化合物は、2′,3′−ジデオキシシチジン、2′,3′−ジデオキシ−5−(ハロ又はメチル)シチジン、2−ヒドロキシメチル−5−(5−フルオロシトシン−1−イル)−1,3−ジオキソラン又は2−アミノ−6−(OH、Cl、NH2又はH)−9−[(4−ヒドロキシメチル)−テトラヒドロフラン−1−イル]プリンである。
本発明中に開示されているヌクレオシドは、それを患者に投与した場合に直接的又は間接的に、親の活性化合物か、又はそれ自身活性を示す化合物を提供することができるいかなる誘導体で投与されてもよい。1つの態様として、5′−OH基の水素は、C1−C5アルキルを含むC1−C20アルキル;エステル基のカルボニルでない部分が、直鎖、分岐鎖又は環状の、C1−C5アルキルを含むC1−C20アルキル、フェニル又はベンジルから選択される、アシル基;天然に存在するアミノ酸又は天然に存在しないアミノ酸;メトキシメチルをはじめとするアルコキシアルキル;ベンジルをはじめとするアラルキル;フェノキシメチルのようなアリールオキシアルキル;場合によりハロゲン、C1−C4アルキル又はC1−C4アルコキシにより置換されているフェニルをはじめとするアリール;コハク酸のようなジカルボン酸;メタンスルホニルを含むアルキル又はアラルキルスルホニルのようなスルホン酸エステル基;あるいは、モノ、ジ又はトリホスフェートエステル基により置き換えられていてもよい。
ここに記載したいずれのヌクレオシド、又は抗B型肝炎活性を有するいかなる他のヌクレオシドも、ヌクレオシドの活性、バイオアベイラビリティ、安定性を増強するかそうでなければヌクレオシドの性質を変化させるためのヌクレオチドプロドラッグとして投与されてよい。多くのヌクレオチドプロドラッグリガンドが知られている。ここで記載するヌクレオチドプロドラッグとは、親のホスフェートよりもインビトロでより安定なホスフェート誘導体を5′−位に有し、ヌクレオシドの抗B型肝炎活性に実際に悪影響を及ぼさないヌクレオシドを意味する。ホスホネートはホスフェート誘導体として含まれる。一般に、ヌクレオシドのモノ、ジ又はトリホスフェートのアルキル化、アシル化又は他の親脂質性の改変は、ヌクレオシドの安定性を増強する。ホスフェート部分の1以上の水素に置き換わる置換基の例としては、アルキル、アリール、ステロイド、糖、1,2−ジアシルグリセロール及びアルコールをはじめとする炭水化物である。多くのものが、R.Jones and N.Bischofberger,Antiviral Research,27(1995)1-17に記載されている。これらのいずれもが開示されたヌクレオシドと組み合わせて用いられて、所望の効果を達成する。以下の文献には、ヌクレオチドプロドラッグの例が、限定の意味なく記載されている。
本開示方法において、宿主生体におけるHBV感染症を治療するために使用されているヌクレオシドは、公表されている方法により調製することができる。β−L−ヌクレオシドは、例えば以下の刊行物に開示されている方法、又は開示されている方法を標準的に変更した方法により調製することができる:Jeong,et al.,J.of Med.Chem.,36,182-195,1993;ヨーロッパ特許出願公開第 0 285 844号;Genu−Dellac,C.,G.Gosselin,A.-M.Aubertin,G.Obert,A.Kirn,and J.-L.Imbach,強力な抗ウィルス剤としての3−置換チミンα−L−ヌクレオシド誘導体;合成及び生物学的評価,Antiviral Chem.Chemother.2:83-92(1991); Johansson,K.N.G.,B.G.Lindborg,and R.Noreen,ヨーロッパ特許出願第352 248号; Mansuri,M.M.,V.Farina,J.E.Starrett,D.A.Benigni,V.Brankovan,and J.C.Martin,潜在的な抗HIV剤としてのDDC、DDA、D4C及びD4Tの幾何異性体の調製,Bioorg.Med.Chem.Lett.1:65-68(1991);Fujimori,S.,N.Iwanami,Y.Hashimoto,and K.Shudo,2′−デオキシ−β−L−リボヌクレオシドの簡便かつ立体選択的合成,Nucleosides & Nucleotides11:341-349(1992);Genu-Dellac,C.,G.Gosselin,A.-M.Aubertin,G.Obert, A.Kirn,and J.-L.Imbach,潜在的な抗ウィルス剤としての3−置換チミンα−L−ヌクレオシド誘導体;合成及び生物学的評価、AntiviralChem.Chemother.2:83-92(1991); Holy,A.,2′−デオキシ−L−ウリジンの合成,Tetrahedron Lett.2:189-192(1992); Holy,A.,核酸成分とそのアナログ。CLIII。ピリミジン系列の2′−デオキシ−L−リボヌクレオシドの調製。Collect Czech Chem Commun.37:4072-4087(1992);Holy,A.,2′−デオキシ−L−ウリジン:糖2−アミノオキサゾリンから2,2′−アンヒドロヌクレオシド中間体を介してのウラシル2′−デオキシヌクレオシドの全合成。In: Townsend LB,Tipson RS,ed.Nucleic Acid Chem.New York: Wiley,1992: 347-353,vol 1)(1992);Okabe,M.,R.-C.Sun,S.Tan,L.Todaro,and D.L.Coffen,グルタミン酸、リボノラクトン及びピリミジン塩基からのジデオキシヌクレオシドddC及びCNTの合成。J.Org.Chem.53:4780-4786(1988); Robins,M.J.,T.A.Khwja,and R.K.Robins.プリンヌクレオシド。XXIX。21−デオキシ−L−アデノシン及び21−デオキシ−L−グアノシン、並びにそれらのアルファ−アノマーの合成。J.Org.Chem.35:363-639(1992);Genu-Dellac,C.,Gosselin G.,Aubertin A-M,Obert G., Kirn A.,and Imbach J-L,強力な抗ウィルス剤としての3′−置換チミンα−L−ヌクレオシド誘導体;合成及び生物学的評価。Antiviral Chem.Chemother.2(2):83-92(1991);Genu-Dellac,C.,Gosselin G.,Imbach J-L; 強力な抗ウィルス剤としての新規なチミンの2′−デオキシ−3′−置換−α−L−トレオ−ペントフラノヌクレオシドの合成。Tet.Lett.32(1):79-82(1991);Genu-Dellac,C.,Gosselin G.,Imbach J-L.1−ペントフラノシルヌクレオシド合成の前駆体としてのL−アラビノ−フラノース及び2−デオキシ−1−エリトロ−ペントフラノースの新規アシル化誘導体の調製。216:240-255(1991);及びGenu-Dellac,C.,Gosselin G.,Puech F.et al.5種類の天然に存在する核酸塩基のα−L−アラビノフラノシル及び2′−デオキシ−α−L−エリトロ−ペントフラノシルヌクレオシドの系統的合成及び抗ウィルス評価。10(b):1345-1376(1991).
2′,3′−ジデオキシシチジン(DDC)は、既知の化合物である。DDCのD−エナンチオマーは、現在、HIV感染患者の治療における使用のために、ザルシタビン(Zalcitabine)の名称で、ホフマン−ラロシュ(Hoffmann-LaRoche)社によって販売されている。米国特許第4,879,277号及び第4,900,828号を参照。
Y1、Y2、Y3、及びY4は、独立して、H、OH、N3、NR1R2、NO2、NOR3、−O−アルキル、−O−アリール、ハロ(F、Cl、Br、又はIを含む)、−CN、−C(O)NH2、SH、−S−アルキル、又は−S−アリールであり、一般的に、Y1、Y2、Y3、及びY4のうち3つが、H又はOHのいずれかである。この−OH置換基は、存在する時は、一般には、Y1又はY3基である。構造式中に図示したように、Y2及びY4は、アラビノ(エリトロ)配置であり、Y1及びY3は、トレオ(リボース)配置である。塩基は、プリン又はピリミジンである。代替的に、擬似糖(pseudo-sugar)残基は、1,3−オキサチオランである(FTC及びBCH−189又は3TCにおけるように。あるいは1,3−ジオキソラン誘導体である)。テトラヒドロフラン(2ml)中のβ−L−ジデオキシヌクレオシド(1.0mmol)及び適切なホスホルアミダイト(phosphoramidite)C(1.2mmol)の撹拌溶液に、室温で、(i)ICH2CH2OH、DBU/C6H5CH3;(ii)Cl2PN(iPr)2、NEt3/THF;(iii)β−L−ジデオキシヌクレオシド、1H−テトラゾール/THF、次にClC6H4CO3H/CH2Cl21H−テトラゾール(0.21g、3.0mmol)を加えた。30分後、反応混合物を−40℃に冷却し、3−クロロペルオキシ安息香酸(0.23g、1.3mmol)をジクロロメタン(2.5ml)に含む溶液を加えた;次に混合物を1時間放置して、室温まで戻した。亜硫酸ナトリウム(10%溶液、1.3ml)を混合物に加えて、過剰の3−クロロペルオキシ安息香酸を分解し、その後、有機層を分離し、水層をジクロロメタン(2×10ml)で洗浄した。合わせた有機層を、飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液(5ml)、次に水(3×5ml)で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥し、ろ過し、減圧下で蒸発乾固させた。残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付して、標題のビス(SATE)β−L−ddxmPを得た。
3′−置換β−L−ジデオキシヌクレオシドの立体特異的合成の一般的反応式
Y,Y′=F、N3、NR1R2〔R1,R2=H、アルキル、アリール〕、NO2、NOR〔R=H、アルキル、アシル〕、O−アルキル、O−アリールなど。
2′−置換β−L−ジデオキシヌクレオシドの立体特異的合成の一般的スキーム
C9H11N3O3F2の計算値:C、43.73;H、9.49;N、17.00;
F、15.37.実測値:C、43.56;H、4.78;N、16.75;F、14.96.
活性化合物の、HBV阻害能は、各種実験技術により測定することができる。開示化合物のHBVの複製に対する阻害能を評価するためにここで用いたアッセイは、Korba and Gerin,Antiviral Res.19: 55-70(1992)に詳細に記載されている。β−L−2′,3′−ジデオキシシチジン(β−L−FddC)、β−L−2′,3′−ジデオキシ−5−フルオロシチジン(β−L−ddC)、及び(+)−β−D−2−ヒドロキシメチル−5−(5−フルオロシトシン−1−イル)−1,3−ジオキソラン((+)−β−D−FDOC)については、説明のためだけに、その毒性及び抗HBV−活性の評価結果を以下に示すが、本発明を限定するものではない。(−)−β−L−2−ヒドロキシメチル−5−(5−フルオロシトシン−1−イル)−1,3−オキサチオラン((−)−β−L−FTC)及びβ−D−2′,3′−ジデオキシシチジン(β−D−ddC)の毒性及び抗HBV活性は、コントロールとした。ここに開示するそのほかの化合物は、同様に評価することができる。
2′,3′−ジデオキシ−β−L−シチジン(β−L−DDC)
融点=220−220℃;UV(EtOH 95)max273 nm,λmin 252 nm; NMR-1H(DMSO-d6)δppm= 7.89(d.1H.H-6; J=7.4Hz).7.15-6.95(d large,2H,NH2),5.91(dd.1H,H-1'; J=3.0 及び6.5Hz),5.66(d,1H,H-5; J=7.4Hz),4.99[t.1H,OH-5';J-5.2Hz].4.05-3.95(m,1H,H-4'),3.60-3.70(m,1H,H-5';D2O交換後:dd,3.64ppm,J=3.6 及び12.0Hz).3.60-3.50(m.1H,H-5";D2O交換後:dd,3.50 ppm,J=4.1 及び12.0Hz),2.30-2.15(m.1H,H-2'),1.9-1.65(m,3H,H-2",3'及び3");[α]D 20-103.6(c 0.8MeOH);質量スペクトル(実施:グリセロール−チオグリセロール、50:50.v/v);FAB>0 423[2M+H]+,304[M+ グリセロール+H]+.212[M+H]+,112[BH2]+,101[s]+;FAB<0 210[M-H]-.C9H13N3O3(M=211.21)の計算値;C 51.18;H 6.20;N 19.89、実測値;C 51.34;H 6.25;N 20.12.
2′,3′−ジデオキシ−β−L−5−フルオロシチジン(β−L−5−FDDC)
融点=158−160℃;UV(EtOH 95)λmax 281 nm(ε,8100)及び237 nm(ε,8500);min 260nm(ε,5700)及び225 nm(ε,7800);NMR-1H(DMSO-d6)δppm 8.28(d.1H,H-6; J-7.4Hz),7.7-7.4(d large,2H,NH2),5.83(ddほとんど解像されず,1H,H-1'),5.16(t.1H,OH-5';J=5.1Hz),4.05-3.95(m,1H,H-4'),3.8-3.70[m,1H,H5';D2O交換後:dd,3.71ppm.J=2.7及び12.3Hz],3.60-3.50[m,1H,H-5";D2O交換後:dd,3.52ppm; J:3.3 及び12.3Hz],2.35-2.15(m,1H,H-2').1.95-1.75(m,3H,H-2”,3'及び3”):[α]D 20-80.0(-c 1.0,DMSO);質量スペクトル〔実施:3−ニトロベンジルアルコール〕FAB>0 230[M+H]+及び101[s]+;FAB<0 228[M-II]-.C9H12N3FO3(M=229.21)の計算値;C 47.16;H 5.28;N 18.33,F 8.29、実測値;C 16.90;H 5.28;N 18.07;F 8.17 細胞の異なる2種類の継代で、抗ウィルス活性の評価を行った(1継代当たり2培養、合計4培養)。全プレートの全ウエルに、同一濃度、同一時間で接種を行った。
活性化合物が2,2,15セルカルチャー(肝炎ビリオンにより形質転換されたHepG2 細胞)中のウィルス増殖を阻害する能力を評価した。表1に示したように、顕著な毒性(非処理細胞において染料取り込みレベルの50%以上の抑制が観察される)は、100μM濃度においてどの試験化合物においても観察されなかった。これらの化合物は300μMにおいて中程度に毒性であるが、しかし、3種の化合物すべてが、この濃度においてβ−D−ddCよりも低い毒性を示した。β−L−ddC及びβ−L−FddCのIC50は、β−D−ddCのそれの約2倍であると思われる。
陽性の治療対照物β−D−2′,3′−ジデオキシシトシン〔β−D−ddC〕は、用いた濃度においてHBVのDNAの複製の顕著な抑制を誘導した。これまでの研究によれば、この分析方法においては、β−D−ddCの9〜12μMは、HBV RIを90%抑制する(非処理細胞における平均的レベルに対して)ことが一般に観察されるということが示されてきた。これは、表1に示したデータと一致する。
トランスフェクトされたHep G 細胞におけるB型肝炎ウィルス複製に対する、選択されたβ−L−誘導体の効果を表2に示した。
マーモット肝炎ウィルスDNAポリメラーゼに対する、選択されたトリホスフェート類の相対的阻害効果を表3に示した。
滅菌した希釈剤、例えば注射用水、食塩水、不揮発性油、ポリエチレングリコール、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール又は他の合成溶媒;ベンジルアルコール又はメチルパラベンのような抗菌剤;アスコルビン酸又は重亜硫酸ナトリウムのような抗酸化剤;エチレンジアミンテトラ酢酸のようなキレート剤;酢酸塩、クエン酸塩又はリン酸塩のような緩衝剤及び塩化ナトリウム又はデキストロースのような浸透圧を調節する物質。非経口投与用の製剤は、アンプル、ディスポーザブルシリンジ、又はガラスもしくはプラスチック製の多回投与用バイアル中に封入されていてよい。
Claims (10)
- B型肝炎に感染した患者の治療法であって、抗B型肝炎活性を示すヌクレオシドの安定化されたヌクレオチドプロドラッグのB型肝炎治療量を投与することを含む方法。
- 安定化されたヌクレオチドがSATE誘導体である、請求項2記載の方法。
- ヌクレオシドが、3TC及びFTCからなる群から選択される、請求項2記載の方法。
- ヌクレオシドが、AZT、DDI、D4T及びDDCからなる群から選択される、請求項2記載の方法。
- ヌクレオシドが、ジデオキシシチジン(β−L−FddC)、β−D−2′,3′−ジデオキシシチジン(β−D−ddC)、β−L−2′,3′−ジデオキシ−5−フルオロシチジン(β−L−ddC)、(−)−β−L−2−ヒドロキシメチル−5−(5−フルオロシトシン−1−イル)−1,3−オキサチオラン((−)−β−L−FTC)、(+)−β−D−2−ヒドロキシメチル−5−(5−フルオロシトシン−1−イル)−1,3−ジオキソラン((+)−β−D−FDOC)、及びβ−L−2−アミノ−6−(R4)−9−〔(4−ヒドロキシメチル)−テトラヒドロフラン−1−イル〕プリンからなる群から選択される、請求項2記載の方法。
- B型肝炎に感染した患者を治療するのに有効な量の請求項1記載のヌクレオチドを含む医薬組成物。
- B型肝炎に感染した患者を治療するのに有効な量の請求項2記載のヌクレオチドを含む医薬組成物。
- B型肝炎に感染した患者を治療するのに有効な量の請求項3記載のヌクレオチドを含む医薬組成物。
- B型肝炎に感染した患者を治療するのに有効な量の請求項6記載のヌクレオチドを含む医薬組成物。
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DE (1) | DE69636734T2 (ja) |
DK (1) | DK0831852T3 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2276404T3 (ja) |
PT (1) | PT831852E (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996040164A1 (ja) |
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- 1996-06-07 PT PT96919349T patent/PT831852E/pt unknown
- 1996-06-07 DK DK96919349T patent/DK0831852T3/da active
- 1996-06-07 EP EP96919349A patent/EP0831852B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-07 CA CA002219132A patent/CA2219132C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-07 ES ES96919349T patent/ES2276404T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-07 EP EP05077806A patent/EP1655033A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-07 AU AU61707/96A patent/AU722214B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-06-07 DE DE69636734T patent/DE69636734T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-06-07 WO PCT/US1996/010026 patent/WO1996040164A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-06-07 AT AT96919349T patent/ATE346651T1/de active
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1998
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2001
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2005
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2007
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2008
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2020143073A (ja) * | 2013-09-11 | 2020-09-10 | エモリー・ユニバーシテイ | ヌクレオチドおよびヌクレオシド組成物ならびにこれらに関連する使用 |
US11166973B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2021-11-09 | Emory University | Substituted nucleotides and nucleosides for treating viral infections |
JP7045411B2 (ja) | 2013-09-11 | 2022-03-31 | エモリー・ユニバーシテイ | ヌクレオチドおよびヌクレオシド組成物ならびにこれらに関連する使用 |
US11857560B2 (en) | 2013-09-11 | 2024-01-02 | Emory University | Pharmaceutical compositions comprising substituted nucleotides and nucleosides for treating viral infections |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP4413996B2 (ja) | 2010-02-10 |
DE69636734T2 (de) | 2007-10-18 |
US7468357B2 (en) | 2008-12-23 |
ES2276404T3 (es) | 2007-06-16 |
US6245749B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 |
AU722214B2 (en) | 2000-07-27 |
EP0831852B1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
CA2219132C (en) | 2007-03-06 |
EP0831852A1 (en) | 1998-04-01 |
PT831852E (pt) | 2007-02-28 |
AU6170796A (en) | 1996-12-30 |
JPH11507381A (ja) | 1999-06-29 |
US20090105185A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
US20050277616A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
ATE346651T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
CA2219132A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
DE69636734D1 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
US20020107221A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
EP1655033A1 (en) | 2006-05-10 |
WO1996040164A1 (en) | 1996-12-19 |
DK0831852T3 (da) | 2007-03-19 |
EP0831852A4 (en) | 1999-03-31 |
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