JP2006511747A - エンジン燃料および排気から発生する水素を使用する窒素酸化物の低減 - Google Patents
エンジン燃料および排気から発生する水素を使用する窒素酸化物の低減 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 134
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 methane hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0871—Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging
- F01N3/0878—Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/22—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a condensation chamber
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/30—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a fuel reformer
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
- F01N2410/12—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device in case of absorption, adsorption or desorption of exhaust gas constituents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/22—Water or humidity
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
- F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
Description
2NOx+BaCO3 → Ba(NO3)2+CO2、
によって硝酸バリウムが発生する。次に、再生サイクルの過程で、次の:
3H2+2CO+Ba(NO3)2 → BaCO3+N2+3H2O+CO2、
のように硝酸バリウムは変換されて炭酸バリウムへと戻される。図3は、また、本発明の好ましい実施態様では、管路18の中の燃料を改質器へ施す前に、熱交換器50を使用するとエンジン排気の熱で管路18の中の燃料を気化させることが可能であることを示しており、このことは、CPOx酸化器の場合には特に有用である。
Claims (27)
- 供給源(12)からの燃料で作動するとともに排気管(21)の中にエンジン排気を供給しかつ空気吸入口(11)から空気を受け取る炭化水素燃料内燃機関(9)の排気の中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を低減するためのシステムであって、
入口と出口とを有し、エンジン燃料、酸素、および水分を水素および一酸化炭素に変換するための水素発生器(22)であって、その出口(26)において水素と二酸化炭素とを含む流出流を供給する水素発生器と、
前記エンジン排気と前記流出流とを受け取り、NOxが減少したシステム排気(29)を供給するように前記エンジン排気の中のNOxを低減する手段(28;35、36)と、
を備え、さらに、
前記供給源からの燃料と、(a)前記エンジン排気の一部(20)かまたは(b)前記エンジン排気から得られる(53;64、65)水分で加湿(52、63、76)された空気(11)かのどちらかとの混合物を前記水素発生器の入口に供給する手段(19)、
を備えることを特徴とするシステム。 - NOxを低減する前記手段の前記流出物は、多くても0.4グラム/bhp/hrのNOxしか含まないことを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- NOxを低減する前記手段の前記流出物は、多くても0.2グラム/bhp/hrのNOxしか含まないことを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 混合物を供給する前記手段は、空気の供給源(11)を含み、エンジン燃料(18)および空気(30)を前記排気(20)と混合(19)することを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- エンジン燃料が前記混合物に加えられる前に前記エンジン燃料を気化させるための熱交換器(50;55)をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記混合物は、燃料と加湿空気とを含み、前記空気は、水回収装置(52)によって排気から加湿されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 混合物を供給する前記手段は、エンジン排気(53;64、65)から抜き取られた水分によって内部で空気が加湿される水回収装置(52;63)を備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 前記水回収装置からの加湿空気を受け取り、前記水回収装置へのエンジン排気流入物を冷却する熱交換器(56)をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項7記載のシステム。
- エンジン吸入空気を受け取り、前記水回収装置へのエンジン排気流入物を冷却する熱交換器(60)をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項7記載のシステム。
- NOxを低減する前記手段は、少なくとも一つのNOxトラップ(35、36)を備え、各NOxトラップは交互に、前記排気(48)の中のNOxをトラップしたり、前記流出流(26)により再生されたりすることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 混合物を供給する前記手段は、少なくとも一つの前記NOxトラップの流出液から抜き取られた(63;76)水分を利用して前記空気を加湿することを特徴とする請求項10記載のシステム。
- 混合物を供給する前記手段は、水回収装置(63)を備えることを特徴とする請求項11記載のシステム。
- 混合物を供給する前記手段は、前記空気吸入口からの空気によって冷却される凝縮器(76)と、この凝縮器から水分を受け取る加湿器(72)とを備えることを特徴とする請求項11記載のシステム。
- 前記水素発生器(22)は、自熱式改質器、触媒部分酸化器、および非触媒部分酸化器から選択されることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- 混合物を供給する前記手段は、エンジン排気から得られる(76)水分を受け取る気泡式加湿器(72)を備えることを特徴とする請求項1記載のシステム。
- NOxを低減する前記手段は、一対のNOxトラップ(35、36)を備えており、これらのNOxトラップからの流出液は、凝縮器(76)へ送られ、前記流出液は、冷却され、前記流出液の中の水蒸気は、前記凝縮器の中で前記空気吸入口の空気(11)によって凝縮され、前記凝縮器の中で生成される水は、前記加湿器(72)へ供給されることを特徴とする請求項15記載のシステム。
- システムの排気の中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を減少させるための装置であって、
NOxを含有するエンジン排気(21)を供給する炭化水素燃料エンジン(9)と、
NOxが減少したシステム排気(29)を供給するように水素および二酸化炭素の流れを用いて前記エンジン排気の中のNOxを低減する手段(28;35、36)と、
を備え、さらに、
水素と二酸化炭素とを含む前記流れ(26)を供給するように、エンジン燃料(18)と、前記エンジン排気の一部(20)かまたは前記エンジン排気から得られる水分で加湿(52;63;76、72)された空気かのどちらかとの混合物から水素を発生させる手段(22)、
を備えること特徴とする装置。 - NOxを含有するエンジン排気(21)を供給する炭化水素燃料エンジン(9)を含むシステムの排気の中の窒素酸化物(NOx)を減少させる方法であって、
NOxが減少したシステム排気を供給するように水素および二酸化炭素の流れを用いて前記エンジン排気の中のNOxを低減(28;35、36)する、
ことを含み、さらに、
水素と二酸化炭素とを含む前記流れ(26)を供給するように、エンジン燃料(18)と、前記エンジン排気(20)の一部かまたは前記エンジン排気から得られる水分により加湿(52;63;76、72)された空気かのどちらかとの混合物から水素を発生(22)させる、
ことを含むことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記発生工程は、気化した(50)燃料を含有する混合物を改質(22)することを含むことを特徴とする請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記発生工程は、前記排気との熱交換(50)により燃料を気化させることを含むことを特徴とする請求項19記載の方法。
- 前記発生工程は、水回収装置(52;63)の中で前記排気の水分により加湿された空気を含有する混合物を改質することを含むことを特徴とする請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記発生工程は、排気を前記水回収装置(52)に施す前に前記排気を冷却(56)する補助工程を含むことを特徴とする請求項21記載の方法。
- NOxを低減する前記工程は、少なくとも一つのNOxトラップ(35、36)を用い、前記発生工程は、少なくとも一つの前記NOxトラップの流出液(64、65)から前記水分を抜き取り(63;76)、この水分で前記混合物のための前記空気を加湿(63;72)することを含むことを特徴とする請求項18記載の方法。
- 前記加湿の補助工程は、前記流出液から抜き取られた(76)前記水分を受け取る気泡式加湿器(72)の中で空気を加湿することを含むことを特徴とする請求項23記載の方法。
- 前記加湿の補助工程は、前記流出液からの水(76)を受け取る気泡式加湿器(72)の中で空気を加湿することを含むことを特徴とする請求項24記載の方法。
- NOxを低減する前記工程は、前記排気(21)と前記流れ(26)とを、同時にNOx還元触媒コンバータ(28)に施すことを含むことを特徴とする請求項18記載の方法。
- NOxを低減する前記工程は、前記エンジン排気(21)と前記流れ(26)とを、別々に、少なくとも一つのNOxトラップに交互に施すことを含むことを特徴とする請求項18記載のシステム。
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US10/159,369 US6895746B2 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2002-05-31 | Reducing oxides of nitrogen using hydrogen generated from engine fuel and exhaust |
PCT/US2003/015162 WO2003102390A1 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2003-05-13 | Reducing oxides of nitrogen using hydrogen generated from engine fuel and exhaust |
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EP (2) | EP1860293A3 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006511747A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE377698T1 (ja) |
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ATE377698T1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
US6895746B2 (en) | 2005-05-24 |
DE60317360D1 (de) | 2007-12-20 |
EP1860293A2 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
EP1860293A3 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
EP1552119A4 (en) | 2005-08-31 |
EP1552119A1 (en) | 2005-07-13 |
WO2003102390A1 (en) | 2003-12-11 |
AU2003234560A1 (en) | 2003-12-19 |
EP1552119B1 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
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