JP2006502167A - 全グルカン粒子および抗体を用いた癌治療 - Google Patents
全グルカン粒子および抗体を用いた癌治療 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2002年9月4日に出願された米国仮出願第60/408,126号の利益を請求する。上記出願の全教示が参考として本明細書中に援用される。
本発明は、National Institute for Health/National Cancer Instituteからの助成金Ro1CA86412およびDepartment of Defense, U.S. Armyからの助成金BC010287により全てまたは一部支援された。政府は本発明に所定の権利を有する。
βグルカンは、酵母、細菌、真菌および植物(穀物)を含むいくつかの供給源に一般に由来する複雑な糖質である。これらの供給源は、種々の混合物、純粋物および構造物としてβ-グルカンを提供する。β-グルカンの構造的多様性はグルコース分子が結合できる種々の様式から生じ、種々の物理的特性および生物学的特性を有する化合物を生じる。例えば、細菌および藻類に由来するβ(1,3)グルカンは直鎖であり、食物増粘剤として有用になる。レンチナン(lentinan)(Lentinus edodes, 担子菌綱ファミリー由来)は、3残基毎に(1,3)骨格のβ(1,6)分枝を有する高いMWのβ-グルカンである。シゾフィラン(Schizophyllan)(Schizophyllum commune, 担子菌綱ファミリー由来)は類似するが、β(1,6)側鎖が短い。大麦、オート麦、小麦に由来するβ-グルカンは、骨格に混合された(1,3)-および(1,4)-β-結合を有するが、(1,6)-β分枝は有さず、一般に高分子量である。置換または分枝の頻度の程度として知られる側鎖頻度(frequency of side chains)は、二次構造および溶解度を調節する。酵母に由来するβグルカンは、β(1-6)結合による低度の分子間および分子内分枝を有するβ(1-3)結合グルコース単位の骨格鎖を有する。多数の公開された研究に基づき、パン酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)は、得られる生成物の純度および活性に基づきβ(1,3)-グルカンの好ましい供給源であることが広く認められている。
本発明は、抗腫瘍効果を提供するために、不溶性β-グルカンが腫瘍抗原に対する補体活性化抗体と共に使用される抗腫瘍治療の方法を開示する。不溶性β(1,3)グルカン(本明細書中では全グルカン粒子(whole glucan particle)、WGPとも呼ばれる)は、C3補体タンパク質レセプター、CR3に結合することにより免疫系の殺腫瘍性活性を増大する。好ましい態様では、本方法は相乗効果を提供する。この相乗作用は、腫瘍細胞を選択的に標的する抗体の能力に一部由来し、一方、β-グルカンは、β-グルカンプライム(prime)CR3を有する生来の免疫細胞による認識のための標的腫瘍細胞に対する抗体により誘導されるC3沈着物(depostion)を使用することにより正常な弱いまたは無効な体液性応答を増幅する。
本出願は、β-グルカンが腫瘍抗原に対する抗体と共に使用されて、新生物細胞に抗腫瘍効果を提供する抗腫瘍治療方法を開示する。新生物細胞の治療のための抗体と組み合わせたこれらのグルカンの調製および使用方法が下記に記載される。
手短には、全グルカン粒子を製造する方法は、酵母または真菌細胞壁からのアルカリ不溶性全グルカン粒子の抽出および精製を含む。この方法は、全グルカン、または全グルカン粒子と呼ばれるように、インビボで見出されるようなグルカンの形態学的および構造的特性を維持する生成物を生じる。
K1=-0.0021(時間)+0.26
式中、時間は分の単位である;および
式中、時間は1時間未満である、
に従って処理時間に依存する。
1/濃度=K1 x (1/log(相対粘度))+K2
式中、
K1=(形状係数) x (流体力学的体積);および
K2=(流体力学的体積)/(最大パッキングフラクション)
に従って予め決定された粘度の関数である濃度でグルカンを含む。
β(1,3)グルカン出発物質は、当業者に公知な従来の方法によって、酵母細胞壁から単離され得る。酵母からグルカンを生成する一般的な方法は、アルカリを用いた抽出とそれに続く酸による抽出(Hassidら、Journal of the American Chemical Society, 63:295-298, 1941)を含む。精製水溶性β(1,3)グルカン抽出液を単離する改良された方法は、米国特許第5,223,491号に開示されており、その全体は参考として本明細書中に援用されている。全グルカン粒子を生成する別の方法は、米国特許第4,992,540号に開示されており、その全体は参考として本明細書中に援用されている。微粒子状β-グルカン粒子を調製する方法は、米国特許第5,702,719号に開示されており、その全体は参考として本明細書中に援用されている。微粒子状グルカン生成物はまた、平均粒子サイズ約1.0ミクロン以下または約0.20ミクロン以下で得ることができる。
補体活性化抗体(自然界に見られるものまたは当該分野で公知の方法によって生成されるものの両方)は、補体カスケードの一つ以上のメンバーを活性化し得る腫瘍または腫瘍抗原に対する抗体である。言い換えれば、腫瘍細胞上にiC3を沈着させるのに十分な程補体を活性化する抗体が必要である。ある態様において、該抗体はIgGサブクラスIまたはIgGサブクラスIIである。
全グルカン粒子および補体活性化抗体の投与は、段階的に投与され得、共投与され得、または複数回投与され得る。さらに、投与の順番は交換でき、抗体は天然に存在し得る。
材料および方法
抗体および他の試薬
11C1 IgG2a抗MMTVを産生するハイブリドーマ(Raychaudhuri, S.ら, J. Immunol., 137: 1743-1749 (1986))は、Hiroshi Fugi博士(Department of Molecular Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY)の厚意により提供された。3F8 IgG3抗GD2ガングリオシドmAb(Saito, M., Yu, R. K.およびCheung, N.-K. V., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 127: 1-7, 1985; Cheung, N.-K. V., J. Nucl. Med., 28: 1577-1583 (1987)は精製されて無菌のクエン酸緩衝生理食塩水中にあり、Nai-Kong V. Cheung博士(Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY)の厚意により提供された。精製された14.G2a IgG2a抗GD2 mAb(Hank, J. A.ら, Cancer Res., 50: 5234-5239, 1990; Uttenreuther-Fischer, M. M., Haungら, Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 41: 29-36, 1995。)、およびハイブリドーマはRalph A. Reisfeld博士(Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA)の厚意により提供された。IgG2b抗ヒトMUC1 mAbを産生するBCP8ハイブリドーマ(Xing, P. X.ら, Cancer Res., 52: 2310-2317 (1992)はIan F. C. McKenzie博士(Austin Research Institute, Heidleberg, Australia)の厚意により提供された。ラット抗マウス顆粒球mAb RB6-8C5(Ly-6G;抗Gr-1)を産生するハイブリドーマ(Hestdal, K.ら, J. Immunol., 147: 22-28, (1991)は、Emil Unanue博士(Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO)の厚意により提供された。ヒト高分子量メラノーマ抗原特異的マウスIgG2a mAbを分泌するB5ハイブリドーマは、ATCC(Manassas, VA)より入手し、単離されたIgGは、マウス腫瘍治療プロトコールの「非特異的」mAb対照として用いた。各ハイブリドーマを1〜2% FCSおよびBDハイブリドーマ培地中で成長するように適応させ、次いでバイオリアクターフラスコ(BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA)中で成長させてmAbに富んだ使用済み培地を生成し、続いてこれを硫安分画、Mono-Q FPLCクロマトグラフィーおよびMono-S FPLCクロマトグラフィーの段階的工程を用いて精製した。精製されたmAbを限外ろ過で滅菌し、Triton X-114(Aida, Y.およびPabst, M. J.ら, J. Immunol. Methods, 132: 191-195 (1990))を用いた抽出によって、検出可能なあらゆるLPSを除去した。
全グルカン粒子の調製物は、Biopolymer Engineering, Eagan Mnより入手した。大麦グルカンは、Sigma Chemical Co.等の任意の商業的供給源より入手し得、Xia, Y.ら, J. Immunol., 162: 2281-2290 (1999)およびThornton, B. P.ら, J. Immunol., 156: 1235-1246 (1996)に開示されている方法等の当該分野で公知の方法を用いて処理され、可溶性グルカンを生成し得る。
正常なBALB/cおよびC57B1/6マウスはthe Jackson Laboratory(Bar Harbor, ME)またはNCI-Frederick(Frederick, MD)より購入した。ヘテロ結合性C3欠損(C3+/-)マウス(31)はThe Jackson Laboratoryより購入し、ホモ結合性欠損(C3-/-)およびその野生型(C3+/+)C57B1/6同腹子の両方に由来する繁殖コロニーを樹立するのに用いた。C57B1/6 CR3欠損(CD11b-/-)マウス(Coxon, A., Rieuら, Immunity, 5: 653-666, 1996)およびその野生型(CD11b+/+)C57B1/6同腹子の繁殖コロニーはTanya Mayadas-Norton博士(Brigham & Women′s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA)より入手した。C3-/-およびCR3-/-マウスならびにその同腹子の表現型を、定量的放射性免疫拡散法を用いた血清C3についての分析、ならびに免疫蛍光染色およびフローサイトメトリー分析を用いた血液好中球CD11b発現の分析によってそれぞれ確かめた。
マウス腫瘍治療プロトコールで得られた全てのデータをPrism 3.0(Graph Pad Software, San Diego, CA)に入力し、腫瘍の緩解または生存のグラフを作成した。次にPrism 3.0内でスチューデントT検定を行い、異なるデータセットの有意性を確定した。
経口投与された酵母全β-グルカン粒子(WGP)は、静脈内酵母β-グルカンと同様に腫瘍緩解および生存を促進する。材料および方法に記載したように、BALB/cマウスの群にPtas64乳癌を移植し、7日間腫瘍を形成させた後、静脈内へのNSG酵母β-グルカンまたは経口でのWGPの同時投与ありまたはなしで、静脈内11C1抗MMTVで2週間処理した。平均値±標準偏差を図14に示す。
Claims (18)
- 治療有効量の不溶性全グルカン粒子および少なくとも1つの補体活性化抗-腫瘍抗体を、治療を必要とする被験体に投与することを含み;ここでグルカンおよび抗体は腫瘍細胞を抑制または排除する、腫瘍細胞を抑制または排除する方法。
- 抗体がモノクローナルまたはポリクローナル抗体の直接投与により導入されるか、または癌ワクチンにより産生される請求項1記載の方法。
- 抗体が、トラスツマブ、リタキシマブ、セタキシマブおよびその組み合わせから選ばれる請求項1記載の方法。
- 全グルカン粒子および抗体が相乗的な抗腫瘍効果を提供する請求項1記載の方法。
- 全グルカン粒子が経口投与される請求項1記載の方法。
- 全グルカン粒子が非経口投与される請求項1記載の方法。
- 全グルカン粒子が酵母に由来する請求項1記載の方法。
- 全グルカン粒子が植物供給源または真菌供給源に由来する請求項1記載の方法。
- 植物供給源が大麦である請求項8記載の方法。
- 真菌供給源がマッシュルームである請求項8記載の方法。
- 新生物細胞の治療に使用するための医薬の製造における全グルカン粒子および補体活性化抗腫瘍抗体の使用であって、グルカンおよび抗体の組み合わせが細胞の増殖を遅らせる、使用。
- 治療有効量の全グルカン粒子および新生物細胞に対して特異的な補体活性化抗体を新生物細胞に投与することを含む新生物細胞の治療方法。
- グルカンおよび抗体の組み合わせが細胞の増殖速度を遅らせる請求項12記載の方法。
- グルカンおよび抗体の組み合わせが新生物細胞の増殖を阻害する請求項12記載の方法。
- グルカンおよび抗体の組み合わせが新生物細胞の宿主の生存時間を延長する請求項12記載の方法。
- 補体活性化抗体が腫瘍細胞に被覆され、腫瘍細胞上のiC3b沈着を介して補体を活性化する請求項1記載の方法。
- 全グルカン粒子がマクロファージにより取り込まれ、分解され、分解した断片が骨髄中の好中球に結合し、走化性により抗体被覆腫瘍細胞に遊走および結合し、そこで補体が腫瘍細胞に沈着したiC3bを介して活性化されている請求項16記載の方法。
- 治療有効量の不溶性全グルカン粒子を、治療を必要とする被験体に投与することを含み、ここで全グルカン粒子はマクロファージにより取り込まれ、分解し、分解した断片は骨髄中の好中球に結合し、走化性により抗体被覆腫瘍細胞に遊走および結合し、ここで補体が腫瘍細胞に沈着したiC3bを介して天然に存在する補体により活性化されており、ここでiC3b腫瘍細胞へのグルカン結合が腫瘍細胞の抑制または排除を生じる、腫瘍細胞を抑制または排除する方法。
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- 2003-09-04 AU AU2003268486A patent/AU2003268486A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-04 AT AT03749452T patent/ATE462437T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-04 CA CA2496596A patent/CA2496596C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-04 CN CNA2006101362698A patent/CN1939335A/zh active Pending
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- 2003-09-04 JP JP2004534637A patent/JP2006502167A/ja active Pending
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US8637045B2 (en) | 2004-06-16 | 2014-01-28 | University Of Massachusetts | Therapy for lysosomal enzyme deficiencies |
JP2008503472A (ja) * | 2004-06-16 | 2008-02-07 | ゲーリー アール. オストロフ、 | 薬物送達製品および方法 |
WO2008023425A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-24 | 2008-02-28 | Kirin Holdings Kabushiki Kaisha | Composition pour l'amélioration de l'état de la peau |
JP2017501399A (ja) * | 2013-12-05 | 2017-01-12 | バイオセラ インコーポレイテッド | β−グルカンアッセイ方法 |
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US11815435B2 (en) | 2017-02-24 | 2023-11-14 | Hibercell, Inc. | Beta glucan immunopharmacodynamics |
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JP7088502B2 (ja) | 2019-09-11 | 2022-06-21 | 株式会社アウレオ | 抗体医薬の効果増強用組成物 |
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US8883760B2 (en) | 2014-11-11 |
US20170056432A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
EP1536820A4 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
ATE462437T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
AU2003268486A1 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
US20150064199A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
EP1536820B2 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
CA2496596C (en) | 2016-06-28 |
EP1536820A2 (en) | 2005-06-08 |
CN100363054C (zh) | 2008-01-23 |
EP1539194A2 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
EP1539194A4 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
EP2181711A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
AU2003295326A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
CA2496596A1 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
AU2003295326A8 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
CN1697659A (zh) | 2005-11-16 |
US9522187B2 (en) | 2016-12-20 |
DE60331925D1 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
CN1939335A (zh) | 2007-04-04 |
US20060009419A1 (en) | 2006-01-12 |
CN1694715A (zh) | 2005-11-09 |
WO2004021994A2 (en) | 2004-03-18 |
WO2004021994A3 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
CA2496508A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
CN1694715B (zh) | 2010-12-01 |
CA2496508C (en) | 2014-04-22 |
WO2004030613A3 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
EP1536820B1 (en) | 2010-03-31 |
AU2003268486A8 (en) | 2004-03-29 |
WO2004030613A2 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
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