JP2006129704A - Greening method through hydroponic cultivation utilizing intermediate water - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a greening method through hydroponic cultivation utilizing intermediate water inexpensively greening a rooftop hard to be greened or a place not to dare to be greened conventionally, and reduced in maintenance costs in view of increase in the importance of greening for relaxing the urban heat-island phenomena. <P>SOLUTION: The greening method through hydroponic cultivation utilizing intermediate water comprises the following: reserving water in such a place as to have capacity of at least several centimeters depth of water or a place some reform of which enables reservation of water; setting a mat or a sheet raised several centimeters up from the water surface; and planting plants on the mat or the sheet for greening via hydroponic cultivation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention is a method of using green water to plant a place where water of several centimeters or more can be stored, or a place where water can be stored by slight modification by hydroponics.

  There is an increasing need for rooftop greening to mitigate urban heat islands. In the case of greening, when soil is used for the culture medium, its weight is greatly limited by the strength of the building. Therefore, artificially made lightweight soil is used, but the cost has increased considerably. Also, when the wind is dry and strong, it is necessary to take measures to prevent soil scattering. In addition, maintenance such as irrigation requires considerable expenses.

Therefore, the inventor has the role of soil to store moisture and nutrients, to provide the plant, and to support the plant, so if the role of this soil can be substituted, the planting does not require soil I tried to plant trees by hydroponics using middle water. Middle water refers to water that is neither sewage nor clean water, such as water or rainwater treated at a sewage treatment plant, but since the main purpose of the present invention is greening using rainwater, rainwater will be used in the future. Express.

Based on this technology, we tried to make it possible to green the water surface of existing water storage facilities.

  A normal structure can withstand water storage of about 10 cm, so we tried to plant trees by hydroponics. Therefore, we devised laying mats and sheets so that they are above the maximum water level of the water tank, and fixing the plants on the mat and sheets, exposing the roots from there and guiding them to the water tank. The mats and sheets serve as a support base for the plant, and the water in the water reservoir was used as the culture medium.

Also, when the water tank is shallow and there is no rainfall for a long time and water is exhausted, it is necessary to supply water, but when the water tank is deep, the water level of the mat and seat changes so that there is no need to supply water until the water is exhausted. It was made to go up and down according to.

Furthermore, in this method, a method was considered in which seeds that could not be cultivated due to excessive supply of water and lack of oxygen part could be cultivated.

In the method according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the water tank is shallow (the range of the length of the root system of the plant to be provided), one or more mats and sheets are installed at a height above the maximum water level below the water storage limit using a spacer. Then, it is cut off from the outside air, planted on this mat or sheet, and all or a part of the root system of the plant is exposed and grown in water, and greened.

  The method according to the second aspect of the present invention provides a water storage facility having a high light-shielding property in which a top end continuously connected with the same shape and area from the bottom surface to the top end is opened or can be opened. One or more mats and sheets that have buoyancy and light-blocking properties are floated on the surface of the water to block out from the outside air, and the mats and sheets have a function to move up and down in response to water level fluctuations. It is a method of planting, growing all of or part of the root system of the plant by exposing it to water, and greening.

A method according to a third aspect of the present invention is the method according to any one of the first and second aspects, wherein water is supplied to the mat by capillary action and the mat is used as a medium.

The invention according to claim 4 is a mat and sheet having a function of floating at a certain distance from the water surface in response to fluctuations in the water level.

In the method according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the water tank is shallow (the range of the length of the root system of the plant to be provided), one or more mats and sheets are installed at a height above the maximum water level below the water storage limit using a spacer. Then, it is cut off from the outside air, planted on this mat or sheet, and all or a part of the root system of the plant is exposed and grown in water, and greened. The reason why the number of sheets is one or more is that when the water surface is wide or the shape is complicated, it is more efficient at the time of construction and maintenance to divide the mat and sheet into a plurality of pieces and connect them together.

Use a spacer on the rooftop that is waterproof to allow rainwater to be stored when the water tank is shallow, or use a spacer (the spacer may be unnecessary if it is narrow), and place the mat and sheet above the maximum water level below the water storage limit. This is a hydroponics greening method characterized in that the plant is planted so that the root system of the plant is exposed to the water tank.

For rooftops etc., the maximum amount of water that can be stored is determined by reducing the weight of materials used for planting and the weight of plants that grow after planting due to load restrictions on the structure, but this number enters this space It is necessary to consider the weight of the person, which is the highest water level below the water storage limit.

Depending on the shape and arrangement of the spacers, the upper part can be used as a passage, or a bench or table can be installed.

The method according to the second aspect of the present invention provides a water storage facility having a high light-shielding property in which a top end continuously connected with the same shape and area from the bottom surface to the top end is opened or can be opened. Planted on this mat and sheet that has the function of raising and lowering the mat and sheet according to the water level fluctuation It is a method of growing and greening by exposing all or part of the plant root system to water.

  A method according to a third aspect of the present invention is the method according to any one of the first and second aspects, wherein water is supplied to the mat by capillary action and the mat is used as a medium.

In the method according to claims 1 and 2, most of the root system is constantly in water even when the mat and the sheet are floated. As a result, there are species that cannot be cultivated due to excessive supply of moisture and lack of oxygen.

Therefore, by supplying moisture to the mat by capillary action and planting the mat, it becomes possible to increase the number of seeds that can be planted by eliminating excessive water supply and oxygen shortage.

The invention according to claim 4 is a mat and sheet having a function of floating at a certain distance from the water surface in response to fluctuations in the water level.

A material having a lighter specific gravity than water, such as styrene foam, is attached to the lower part of the mat or sheet, or a floating object having a cavity is attached, or the mat and sheet are formed in multiple layers and filled with these.

These mats and sheets become rainy and heavy after rain. In addition, it grows heavy with the growth of the plant after planting. When it is wet and planted, it floats a few centimeters, becomes heavier with the growth of the plant, and if the mat or sheet comes into contact with the water surface, it has a lighter material or a cavity than water. Add floating objects to make them float again.

Precipitation is filtered through the mat and the sheet by using a highly light-shielding container with an open top and a water storage tank. The If rainwater other than the water tank is to be stored, it is filtered when water is supplied.

By shutting off airtightly, dust, dust, etc. are not mixed, and harmful aquatic insects such as mosquitoes can be prevented from laying and generating.

Since it is covered with a highly light-shielding container, a mat, and a sheet, photosynthesis is not performed in water, so that the growth of animal and phytoplankton can be prevented.

Rainwater is purified by the planted plant absorbing substances contained in the rainwater. Although the purification capacity varies depending on the plant to be planted, for example, the purification capacity of reed is highly evaluated. Since the water near the root system is well purified, it is more effective to circulate rainwater.

In order to broaden the use of rainwater effectively, it is apparent transparency and improvement of water quality, and the rainwater thus obtained is quite good. Conventionally, irrigation and flush toilets have been used, but this rainwater can be used for washing and bathing. If the installation position is devised, it can be used with 100% energy saving (utilization of the potential energy of rainwater).

If this water tank with a green top is installed in a place (for example, a factory or a rooftop) where the installation of a green space is obligated by law or ordinance, if the green top is certified as a green space, Problems such as hindering the effective use of land caused by installing the tank on the ground should be acceptable.

If the plant to be planted is a vegetable that is currently cultivated by hydroponics, it will become a mini home garden, and it should be acceptable to have the trouble caused by installing a water tank on the ground.

In the case of a mortar-shaped water tank, the area of the water surface also decreases due to a drop in the water level. Decreased mat and sheet plants may die. In the case of spreading at the end, it is the opposite and cannot be blocked from the outside air. Even in such a water tank, application is possible if the mat and the sheet can move up and down at the same position according to the fluctuation of the water level and the water surface can be blocked from the outside air.

Moreover, although it limited to the water tank which has water permeability and light-shielding property, and a water storage tank with high air-shielding and blocking | blocking outside air with a sheet | seat, it does not necessarily need to satisfy | fill all and may not satisfy partially. That's because it only reduces the effect that can be obtained.

Embodiments according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The rooftop that has been waterproofed and can store water, uses a mat, and adopts a mat of 100 cm × 50 cm, 1 unit. The first embodiment will be described assuming an upper limit water level of 10 cm. An overflow drainage port is provided at a position where the upper limit water level is 10 cm, a water distribution port for water utilization and drainage (also serving as a drainage port) is provided at the bottom, and a water supply port for drought.

After waterproofing, the spur 1 of the hollow square pipe (FIG. 1) whose top end is concave is fixed. The height of the spacer 1 is several cm higher than the upper limit water level. One end of the frame in the longitudinal direction of the mat 3 attached to the frame 2 of 100 cm × 50 cm shown in FIG. The mat 3 will float several cm even when it is full. This is because the seeds that arrived do not grow even if they germinate, and oxygen is supplied to the roots. The width of the frame 2 is half of the concave width. The other side of the frame is inserted into the recess of the next spacer 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view.

This is repeated, and after setting the passage 4, this is repeated. The passage intersecting with this passage may be set so as to cross over the spacer 1, and there is no problem even if it is not. FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a plan view.

The end of the water tank is not limited because the form of the construction site is not uniform.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the plant seedling 4. A hole 6 is formed in the center of the mat 3 having a diameter of about 5 to 10 cm so that the base of the plant can be inserted, and the root system is inserted therein. At this time, if a part of the root system is put out on the mat 3 and covered with a moisturizing material 7 called, for example, a fiber so that the roots are developed on the mat 3 as well, the stability of the plant is enhanced. The root system 9 under the mat 3 is wrapped with a sponge 10 that can develop roots.

Into the mat 3 laid, a cut is made so that the root system 9 wrapped with the sponge 10 can be inserted, and the root system 9 of the plant seedling 4 is inserted.

The cocoon-type plant does not interfere with the mat 3 because it stretches on the mat 3, but it is also effective to entangle it with a strut or an alternative (wire, string, net, etc.) when seeking multi-layered greening. is there.

Next, in the second embodiment, assuming that the water storage tank 11 is formed by waterproofing a drainage groove having an inner diameter of 0.5 m and a depth of 1.1 m in an office of 100 m × 100 m on the site, This will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the site. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the water storage tank 11. Most of the rainwater is supplied from the water supply port 12 through a filter, and is drained from the overflow drainage port 13 when it becomes full.

In the case of full water, the stored rainwater has a cross section of 0.5 m ² and has a water storage capacity of 99 m × 0.5 m ² × 4 = 198 m ³ and can store 200 mm of rain that has fallen on the site.

FIG. 8 is a schematic view in which plant seedlings 5 are planted on the mat 3 and floated on the water surface 15 with the float material 14. The mat 3 that moves up and down in response to fluctuations in the water level is floated by a float material 14 from the water surface 15 several cm. This is because the seeds that arrived do not grow even if they germinate, and oxygen is supplied to the roots. It is assumed that the mat 3 is connected to the divided one unit 100 cm × 50 cm for cleaning the water tank.

Planting is completed when a cut is made in the mat 3 so that the plant root system 9 wrapped with the sponge 10 can be inserted, and the plant root system 9 of this seedling is inserted and fixed.

If Fusage the reservoir with that of the rigid net-like, the upper is the green space available 198m ² as a parking space.

In the third embodiment, a method using capillary action will be described. The mat 3 is installed in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments. In the first embodiment, for example, a synthetic cloth 17 or the like is attached to the mat 3 so as to reach the bottom of the water storage tank from the mat 3 and in the second embodiment so as to reach the water surface from the mat 3.

A plant root system 9 washed well with water is spread and placed on the mat 3, and the root system is covered with, for example, a moisturizing material 7 called fiber. Eventually, if the plant root system 9 penetrates into the mat 3, the planting is completed. FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram thereof.

The rainwater obtained in the first to third embodiments enters the water storage tank in a state of being filtered by the mat. A mat mixed with activated carbon or the like is more effective. . Since it is shielded, flying objects do not enter, and mosquitoes and other harmful aquatic insects can be prevented from laying and generating. In addition, the plant and animal plankton does not multiply because it is shielded from light. Rainwater is purified by the root system. If mixed, it is a broken root system.

In order to effectively use rainwater, it is necessary to have a drainage function and a water supply function at the drain outlet. If a filter is attached to the drain, the torn root system is filtered. This rainwater is considered to be of good quality and can be used outside of drinking water.

In order to use rainwater effectively, water distribution facilities are required. In existing buildings, it may be used for irrigation, watering, and water-cooled air conditioners. Available. The rainwater on the roof has potential energy and can be used with complete labor saving. Even if it is changed to a structure that increases the amount of stored water, it can be fully profitable.

Note that the materials used, the specifications for growing “seedlings”, the configuration such as the planting method, the shape, the quantity, the material, the size, the connection relationship, and the like are not limited to the above embodiments.

Schematic diagram of spacer frame Schematic diagram of a cross-sectional view Schematic diagram of plan view Schematic diagram of plant seedling Floor plan of the site Cross section of water tank Schematic diagram of the planted situation of the second embodiment Schematic diagram of the planted situation of the third embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Spacer 2 Frame 3 Mat 4 Passage 5 Plant seedling 6 Hole 7 Moisturizing material 8 Plant ground part 9 Plant root system 10 Sponge 11 Water tank 12 Water supply port 13 Overflow drainage port 14 Float material 15 Water surface 16 Air layer 17 Synthetic cloth 18 Water outlet / drain 19

Claims (4)

  If the water tank is shallow (range of the plant root system to be provided), use a spacer to place one or more mats and sheets at a height above the maximum water level below the water storage limit to shut off the outside air. , Planting on a sheet, exposing all or part of the root system of the plant to water, growing it, and greening.   A water storage facility with a high light-shielding property that has a continuous top-opening with the same shape and area from the bottom to the top, or that can be opened, has water permeability and light-shielding properties, and A mat with a buoyancy, the sheet floats on the surface of the water, cuts off from the outside air, one or more mats according to the water level fluctuation, this mat that has the function of moving the sheet up and down A method in which a part of the plant is exposed to water to grow and green. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein water is supplied to the mat by capillary action, and the mat is greened as a medium. A mat and sheet having a function of floating at a certain distance from the water surface according to fluctuations in the water level.

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