JP2005192514A - Feed for hog dam and method for feeding the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain feed for hog dam for sustaining or improving health of hog dam for breeding, quickening recovery after delivery, preventing delay of return of estrus, increasing conception rate, the number of child and milk yield, and decreasing the selection rate of piglets. <P>SOLUTION: The mixed feed for hog dam is obtained by adjusting, in contradistinction to lysine, methionine to 25-35 wt.%, threonine to 65-75 wt.%, tryptophane to 15-21 wt.%, and valine to 83-93 wt.%, or containing 10,000-12,000 IU/kg of vitamin A, 1,500-2,500 IU/kg of vitamin D<SB>3</SB>, 40-100 mg/kg of vitamin E and 1-3 mg/kg of vitamin K<SB>3</SB>, or adjusting digestible energy to 3,200-3,400 kcal/kg. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a sow feed and a method for feeding the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a novel feed for sows that can improve reproductive performance and a new method for improving reproductive performance by feeding the feed to sows. The present invention provides a feed for mother pigs that uses the number of weanling pigs per mother pig per year as an index, and improves the result by improving the number of piglets per year, and an appropriate feeding method thereof. It is. The present invention contributes to improving the productivity of the pig industry by improving the breeding performance of mother pigs.

  In general, increasing the “annual number of weaned pigs per mother pig” is the most important issue in improving the productivity of the pig farming industry. In order to achieve this task, it is important not only to maintain and improve the health of mother pigs, but also to prevent accidents during childbirth and to ensure the safe growth of mother pigs and piglets. It is necessary to be able to constantly realize various problems such as prevention of delay, prevention of conception rate reduction, increase in the number of pups, increase in milk yield, and reduction in the dredging rate of piglets.

  Insufficient nutrition of mother pigs from pregnancy to lactation leads to a decrease in milk production in the short term, stagnating the growth of suckling pigs, causing poor health of mother pigs, and diarrhea in piglets It becomes a factor of occurrence. In addition, a decrease in the weight of mother pigs during the lactation period leads to a delay in the number of days of estrus recurrence and a decrease in the number of pups, which has a significant effect on lifelong reproductive performance. Thus, the nutritional value of the feed fed to the mother pig has a great influence on the reproductive performance. However, it is not easy to comprehensively solve these problems by using piglets.

Conventionally, research on feed for mother pigs that leads to improvement of reproductive performance has been conducted, and several known literatures can be seen.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-219877 JP-A-5-268883 JP-A-6-336896 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-8183 JP-A-7-147911 JP-A-8-23889 JP-A-10-304825

  That is, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-219897 (Patent Document 1), when a livestock feed containing a small amount of galactooligosaccharide is administered to a mother pig from the pregnancy period to the suckling period, the incidence of diarrhea in the piglet during the feeding period It is disclosed that there is an effect on weight gain of piglets. In addition, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-268833 (Patent Document 2) discloses that when feeding a pig feed containing a casein degradation product containing a casein phosphopeptide as a main component to a mother pig before and after pregnancy, calcium and minerals during pregnancy. It has been disclosed that the absorption of water is promoted, which improves blood properties and milk quality of mother pigs, improves blood properties and ossification of pups, and increases body weight. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-336896 (Patent Document 3) discloses that when a microbial cell lysate or cell wall component-containing material is fed to a pregnant mother pig, the mortality rate of the piglets at the time of delivery and suckling It is disclosed that the diarrhea is reduced and the diarrhea of piglets is prevented to promote weight gain. Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-8183 (Patent Document 4), by including a guar gum enzyme degradation product in feed, a pig that can accelerate recovery after delivery of a mother pig and shorten the period from pregnancy to pregnancy. A breeding feed is disclosed. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-147911 (Patent Document 5) discloses that reduced folic acid is contained, so that multiple births generated in the sow womb as a result of fertilization can be delivered as much as possible to improve the breeding efficiency of the sow. Disclosed are feed additives for mother pigs and feed for mother pigs. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-23889 (Patent Document 6) discloses that a breeding sow breeding feed containing a saccharide mainly composed of an oligosaccharide is used during the period from pregnancy to weaning. A method for reducing the incidence of milk and increasing lactation in sows is disclosed. In addition, JP-A-10-304825 (Patent Document 7) improves the productivity by improving the breeding rate of breeding pigs and the nursing rate of lactating piglets by feeding a feed supplemented with electrolyte-adjusting minerals. Is disclosed.

As described above, there is no document in the conventional literature that advocates a comprehensive solution to the above problems or that directly aims to increase the number of weaned piglets per year per sow.
In addition to the above references, attempts have been made to increase the number of pups per birth, and attempts have been made to supply chromic yeast to mother pigs. It has not reached. In addition, for the same purpose, attempts have been made to supply calcium linoleate to sows. According to this method, although there is a tendency to increase the number of litters, it does not lead to an increase in the number of weaned piglets. Yes, it's hard to say that the technology is complete.

  In view of such a situation, the present inventors aim to develop a feed for mother pigs that can solve the above-mentioned problems comprehensively and lead to improved reproductive performance. First, the amino acid balance of the feed is adjusted. I thought about improving the constitution of mother pigs. However, it was confirmed that adjusting the amino acid balance and the daily feed intake would lead to the effect of preventing fatigue due to milk production and protein accumulation in mother pigs, but the effect on improving reproductive performance was poor. Therefore, the present inventors have repeatedly tested and prototyped various combinations of amino acids, vitamins, calories, and raw materials on commercial farms over a long period of time using a total of 558 sows. The present invention has been completed by finding a suitable combination.

  In the present invention, the “reproductive performance” refers to comprehensive results such as the number of days of estrus recurrence, conception rate, number of pups, milk yield, and fertility, and specifically, annual weaning per mother pig. It can be expressed as the number of piglets. That is, in the present invention, “improvement of reproductive performance” means a comprehensive effect such as shortening the number of days of estrus recurrence in the mother pig, increasing the conception rate, increasing the number of pups, increasing milk yield, and reducing the fertility rate. As mentioned above, it means improving the number of weaned piglets per year.

  The present invention maintains and improves the health of breeding sows that continue to undergo fertilization, pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding, speeds recovery after childbirth, prevents delays in estrus recurring, fertility, number of pups, and lactation A new mother pig that can improve the reproductive performance by comprehensively realizing various problems such as increasing the amount etc. and reducing the dredging rate of piglets, thereby contributing to the improvement of productivity of the pig farming industry It is an object to provide a feed for feeding and an appropriate feeding method of the feed. Specifically, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel feed for sows that can improve the number of weaned piglets per sow per year as compared with conventional feeds and an appropriate feeding method for the feed. To do.

  Among the present inventions, the invention described in claims 1 and 2 is an invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, and compared with lysine, methionine is 25 to 35% by weight and threonine is 65 to 75% by weight. %, Tryptophan 15 to 21% by weight and valine 80 to 93% by weight.

An invention that when the same claim 2 is the invention to solve the above problem, the feed as claimed in claim 1, further vitamin A 10000~12000IU / kg, vitamin _{D 3} 1500 ~2500IU / kg, a sow feed that is 40~100mg vitamin E / kg, vitamin _{K 3} 1-3 mg / kg is contained.

  The invention according to claim 3 is the mixed feed for mother pigs according to claim 1 or 2, wherein digestible energy is adjusted to 3200 to 3400 kcal / kg.

  The invention according to claim 4 is adjusted to the amino acid balance, vitamin level and / or energy content according to any one of claims 1 to 3 by adding a supplement to a commercial feed or other blended feed. It is feed for mother pigs.

  The invention described in claim 5 is the feed for mother pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein brewer's yeast and / or potato protein is blended.

  In the invention described in claim 6, the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is fed to the sow from pregnancy to lactation so that the lysine intake is 50 to 65 g / day. This is a method for improving the number of weaned piglets per year per sow.

  Since the feed for sows according to the present invention has the above-mentioned configuration, when fed, the physiological function of the sows for breeding is normal due to the synergistic effect of adjusting the amino acid balance, vitamin level and / or energy content in the feed. In addition, since the health of the sow is maintained and improved, the degree of exhaustion of the sow is reduced. As a result, the number of days of estrus relapse is shortened, the conception rate is increased, and the number of litters is increased. Milk production is also increased, and overall effects such as reduction of the culling rate are produced, and the reproductive performance can be improved. That is, specifically, the annual number of weaned piglets per mother pig can be improved as compared with the conventional one. Moreover, according to the feed method for the feed for sows according to the present invention, the feed of the present invention can be fed to the sows in the best condition, so that the reproductive performance is further improved.

  In addition, according to the feed for mother pigs and the feeding method thereof according to the present invention, even a young mother pig whose body is still small and whose physical strength is not sufficiently completed can adjust nutritional balance and enhance palatability. Even such young sows can receive sufficient feed and nutrients.

  The essential amino acids of livestock are widely known, and lysine is the overall restricted amino acid for pigs. However, although the restriction amino acids are unchanged, the most efficient lysine supply at the pig farming site is to feed the lysine adjusted to the optimum amount according to the environment where the mother pig is placed. For example, lysine supply is required to be 65g / day per sow for maintaining lactation during the lactation period, while maternal maintenance and fetal growth are expected during pregnancy. Since it may be useful, it is considered that a supply amount of 50 g / day is sufficient. Therefore, the feed of the present invention is applied from the gestation period so that the lysine intake of the mother pig is 50 to 65 g / day, preferably 50 g / day during pregnancy and 65 g / day during lactation. By feeding mother pigs during the lactation period, the number of weaned piglets per year per mother pig can be improved.

In the present invention, the “number of weaned piglets” means that weaning is actually performed except for the number of piglets culled between the number of piglets that the mother pig gave birth (number of pups) to weaning. This means the number of piglets that are continuously raised in the weaning house. In addition, “number of pups” refers to the number of piglets that mother pigs give birth to. “Conception rate” refers to the frequency with which mother pigs become pregnant after mating, and “salting rate” refers to a value obtained by dividing the number of weaned piglets by the number of pups.
Further, “digestible energy” of feed is a value obtained by subtracting undigested energy contained in feces from total energy (Gross Energy) in the feed.

In general, the precautions during the pregnancy period of the mother pig are limited to keeping the mother pig in a healthy state and maintaining the fetal growth smoothly. Therefore, also for the feed of the present invention, during the pregnancy period of the sow, it is desirable to feed the feed that matches the required level of each individual with limited feeding.
In addition, if sufficient nutritional components are not supplied during the lactation period, sows will cause extreme weight loss and decreased lactation capacity, resulting in adverse effects on piglet growth and weaning weight. Gets worse. Therefore, during the lactation period, it is necessary to supply ingredients that are really required by the sow through more highly-preferred raw materials to eliminate the above-mentioned adverse effects. Specifically, it is desirable to use a high-concentration amino acid, a fat-soluble vitamin, and a high-calorie raw material in combination. On the other hand, the excessive supply of feed is an excessive investment of feed price (production cost), and determining the optimum level for the pig farming industry is an important means for improving profits.

  From this point of view, the feed for sows of the present invention is obtained by adding supplements to commercially available feeds and other mixed feeds, and by adding amino acid balance, vitamin level and / or energy content specified in the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “nutrient components”). It is preferable to adjust each so as to be “level”. In addition, the feed method of the present invention includes feeding supplements to commercially available feeds and other blended feeds, and feeding the feed for mother pigs adjusted to the numerical values of the nutritional component levels specified in the present invention over the full year. It is desirable to continue. In other words, in general, the method of feeding feed to mother pigs is basically restricted feeding during the pregnancy period when individual management is performed, and constant feeding during the lactation period. If the ingredient level does not reach the nutritional ingredient level range specified in the present invention, the supplement is premixed in a commercial feed or other blended feed so as to satisfy the deficient nutritional component level numerical value, so that it is in a uniform state. And pay. In addition, since it is preferable to manage the mother pig as much as possible, it is preferable to maintain the nutritional component level that matches the requirements of each individual rather than uniformly feeding all the mother pigs with the same nutritional component level. It is preferable to feed the animal individually. Moreover, it is desirable to feed the feed according to the present invention throughout the pregnancy period and the lactation period (milking period).

In the present invention, the numerical value of the nutritional component level described in claims 1 to 3 is based on the numerical value of the feed intake described in “NRC Food Standard-Pig” (Nutrient Requirement of Swine 1998). As a result of repeating the preliminary test several times by the present inventors, a range considered to be optimal for improving the reproductive performance of the sow has been found and shown. That is, according to many preliminary tests, in the sow feed, the amino acid balance is 25 to 35% by weight of methionine, 65 to 75% by weight of threonine, 15 to 21% by weight of tryptophan, and 83% of valine. Adjusting to ˜93 wt%, vitamin levels are 10000-12000 IU / kg for vitamin A, 1500-2500 IU / kg for vitamin D ₃ , 40-100 mg / kg for vitamin E, 1-3 mg / kg for vitamin K ₃ Regarding the inclusion of kg and the energy content, it was found that adjusting digestible energy to 3200 to 3400 kcal / kg, and further adjusting them in combination leads to the most favorable reproductive performance. Execute the following tests and examine the results. Above, it is obtained by determining the range of nutrients level according to claims 1 3.

  Moreover, it is necessary to make the pigs ingest the feed for mother pigs devised in this way. Then, it is preferable to mix | blend brewer's yeast and / or potato protein with the feed of this invention. That is, when the feed according to the present invention is blended with a raw material suitable for the preference of the mother pig such as brewer's yeast or potato protein, the feed intake of the mother pig can be increased, and more preferable breeding results can be obtained.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with test examples. In addition, the feeding period of the feed in the following test examples is both the pregnancy period and the lactation period. In addition, the feeding method is limited feeding during pregnancy and constant feeding during lactation.
In the following test examples, the unit of numerical values is as follows.
Mixing ratio of each raw material and amino acid ratio = wt%, digestible energy = kcal
Vitamin A and vitamin D ₃ = IU / kg, Vitamin E and vitamin K ₃ = mg / kg

Test example 1

<Confirmation test of the effect of feed amino acid balance on estrus recursion>
(1) Test method Each mother's 22 mother pigs were fed a diet adjusted to the composition and composition shown in Table 1 every day from pregnancy to lactation to investigate the effect of differences in amino acid balance on estrus recursion, The results in Table 2 were obtained.
(Note 1) The adjustment of amino acid balance and vitamin level was performed only with vitamin / mineral premix. In addition, a supplement can also be used for these adjustments.
(Note 2) The commercial zone feed 1 and the commercial zone feed 2 are feeds adjusted based on a commercially available mixed feed for breeding breeding pigs so that each amino acid balance is different.
(Note 3) The test group feed is the range of the nutritional component level that the present inventors consider most preferable based on preliminary tests and other materials (eg, “NRC feed standard—pigs”, etc.) (Table 1 and “the scope of the present invention”), and the amino acid balance is adjusted so as to be different from that of the commercially available feed 1 and the commercially available feed 2.

(2) Test results (Note 1) The relapse of estrus in sows has never been short, but there is no clear scale common to the industry. We decided to make a comparison with the ratio of The test results are shown in Table 2.

(3) Consideration In Table 2, the vitamin levels are the same, but the test plot feed has a higher rate of estrus recurrence in mother pigs earlier than the commercial plot feed 1 and the commercial plot feed 2. From this fact, in order to increase the early estrus recurrence rate of sows, the amino acid balance is “25 to 35% by weight of methionine, 65 to 75% by weight of threonine, 15 to 21% by weight of tryptophan, It has been confirmed that it is important to adjust to “83 to 93 wt%”.

Test example 2

<Confirmation test of the effect of dietary vitamin level on conception rate>
(1) Test method Feed the feed adjusted to the composition and composition shown in Table 3 every day from pregnancy to lactation to 13 mother pigs in each ward, and investigate the effect of differences in vitamin levels on conception rate. The results of Table 4 were obtained.
(Note 1) The adjustment of amino acid balance and vitamin level was performed only with vitamin / mineral premix.
(Note 2) Commercial feed 3 and commercial feed 4 are feeds adjusted based on commercially available mixed feed for breeding pigs so that the amino acid balance and vitamin level are different.
(Note 3) The test plot feed is in the range of the nutritional component level that the present inventors consider most preferable based on preliminary tests and other materials (shown as “Scope of the present invention” in Table 3). In addition, the amino acid balance is the same as that of the commercially available feed 3 but is different from the commercially available feed 4, and the vitamin level is adjusted to be different from that of the commercially available feed 3 and the commercially available feed 4.

(2) Test results
(3) Consideration In Table 4, the test plot feed has a higher conception rate for sows than the commercial plot feed 3 and the commercial plot feed 4. Range From this fact, vitamin level of feed is "vitamin A a 10000~12000IU / kg, vitamin _{D 3 1500~2500IU} / kg, vitamin E 40~100mg / kg, vitamin _{K 3} 1-3 mg / kg" From this point, it was confirmed that the conception rate of sows was clearly reduced regardless of the difference in amino acid balance.

(Note 1) The adjustment of amino acid balance and vitamin level was performed only with vitamin / mineral premix.
(Note 2) The test zone feed, the market zone feed 5, and the market zone feed 6 are based on the range of nutritional component levels that the inventors consider most preferable based on preliminary tests and other materials (see Table 5 In addition, the amino acid balance and the vitamin level are the same, but the feed is adjusted so that only digestible energy is different.

Test example 3

<Confirmation test of the effect of caloric content of feed on the number of offspring>
(1) Test method Feed the feed adjusted to the composition and composition shown in Table 5 every day from pregnancy to lactation in 18 mother pigs in each ward, and examine the effect of the difference in energy content on the number of pups. The results of Table 6 were obtained.

(2) Test results
(3) Discussion In Table 6, the amino acid balance and the vitamin level are the same, but the test plot feed (digestible energy 3315 kcal) is compared to the commercial plot feed 5 (3180 kcal) and the commercial plot feed 6 (3540 kcal). And sows have a large number of pups. From this fact, it was confirmed that when the digestible energy of the feed deviated from the range of “3200 to 3400 kcal”, the number of litters of the sows was clearly reduced.

Test example 4

<Confirmation test of amino acid, vitamin and energy content of feed on reproductive performance>
(1) Test method After examining the results of Test Examples 1 to 3, the feed of the composition and composition shown in Table 7 was fed to 53 mother pigs in each section, and the nutritional component level (amino acid balance, vitamin level, energy content) ) Was investigated on the effect on the reproductive performance, and the results in Table 8 were obtained. In this test example, in addition to confirming the synergistic effect of nutritional component levels, brewer's yeast and potato protein, which have a great influence on the palatability of mother pigs, are included in the feed in order to allow these pigs to be consumed appropriately. The effect was also verified.

(3) Consideration In Table 8, it was confirmed that both the test plot feed 1 and the test plot feed 2 had higher reproductive performance than the commercial plot feed 7, and the number of weaned piglets per year was improved per mother pig. . From this fact, it was confirmed that the difference in the amino acid balance, vitamin level, and energy content of the feed greatly affected the estrus recurrence, conception rate, number of pups, and number of weaned piglets. In addition, because the breeding performance of the test plot feed 2 is higher than that of the test plot feed 1, the feed intake can be increased if ingredients suitable for the taste of the sow such as brewer's yeast and potato protein are added. It was confirmed that favorable breeding results were obtained.
Through this test, we were able to complete the optimal feed composition and composition to increase the number of weaned piglets.

(Note 1) Amino acid and vitamin levels were adjusted only with vitamin and mineral premixes.
(Note 2) The commercial zone feed 7 is a feed in which the amino acid balance and the vitamin level are adjusted to be different from those of the test zone feed 1 and the test zone feed 2 on the basis of a commercially available mixed feed for breeding seed pigs. (Note 3) The test plot feed 1 is in the range of the nutritional component level that the present inventors consider most preferable based on preliminary tests and other materials (shown as “the scope of the present invention” in Table 7). Adjusted feed.
(Note 4) Test plot feed 2 is a feed to which brewer's yeast and potato protein are added, and the nutrient component level is adjusted to be the same as test plot feed 1.

<Example of production of feed for mother pig of the present invention>
(1) Formulation
Raw material name Mixing rate Corn 56.0%
Defatted rice cake 3.0
Lusan 5.0
Corn germ meal 3.0
Soybean cake 15.0
Rapeseed rice cake 5.0
Potato protein 2.0
Molasses 1.0
Animal fats and oils 4.0
Beer yeast 3.0
Calcium carbonate / calcium phosphate 2.5
Premix of vitamins and minerals 2.5
Total 100.0%
(2) Production method Each raw material was weighed so as to have a predetermined weight ratio, and the whole was stirred and mixed so as to be uniform. Thereafter, when the nutrient component level was examined, vitamin A was insufficient. Therefore, a small amount of supplement for supplementing vitamin A was added, and the mixture was further stirred and mixed to make a powdery feed. The nutritional component level of the finished feed is 20% methionine, 70% threonine, 20% tryptophan, 90% valine, 11,000 IU / kg vitamin A, 2000 IU / kg vitamin D ₃ E the 60 mg / kg, vitamin _{K 3} contained 2 mg / kg, since digestible energy was 3300kcal / kg, it was confirmed that satisfies the scope of the present invention. The obtained feed is packed into a 10 kg bag to make a product.
(3) Confirmation of effect The feed produced in Example 1 was again fed to 20 young sows immediately after weaning the first-born piglets (average number of weaned piglets per head was 9.11 / belly). She gave birth every day until she became pregnant, gave birth, and weaned after the lactation period. The average number of weaned piglets in the second birth of these sows was 10.33 / belly.

As described above in detail, the feed for mother pigs and the feeding method thereof according to the present invention can improve the annual number of weaned piglets per mother pig, greatly contributing to the productivity improvement of the pig farming industry. Is. In particular, the feed for mother pigs according to the present invention and the method of feeding the same are adequate for food intake and nutrient replenishment from young mother pigs that have not yet achieved physical strength to aged mother pigs. The number of heads can be improved.

Claims (6)

  Feed for mother pigs in which methionine is adjusted to 25 to 35% by weight, threonine is 65 to 75% by weight, tryptophan is 15 to 21% by weight, and valine is 83 to 93% by weight relative to lysine. The feed as claimed in claim 1, further vitamin A 10000~12000IU / kg, vitamin _{D 3 1500~2500IU} / kg, vitamin E 40~100mg / kg, vitamin _{K 3} is contained 1-3 mg / kg Feed for mother pigs.   The feed for mother pigs according to claim 1 or 2, wherein digestible energy is adjusted to 3200 to 3400 kcal / kg.   Feed for mother pigs, which is adjusted to the amino acid balance, vitamin level and / or energy content according to any one of claims 1 to 3 by adding a supplement to a commercial feed or other mixed feed.   The feed for mother pigs according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein brewer's yeast and / or potato protein is blended. The annual number of weaned piglets per mother pig by feeding the mother pig with the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 so that the lysine intake is 50 to 65 g / day. How to improve.