JP2005094282A - 通信用半導体集積回路 - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
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- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
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- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1206—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification
- H03B5/1212—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair
- H03B5/1215—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device using multiple transistors for amplification the amplifier comprising a pair of transistors, wherein an output terminal of each being connected to an input terminal of the other, e.g. a cross coupled pair the current source or degeneration circuit being in common to both transistors of the pair, e.g. a cross-coupled long-tailed pair
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- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1228—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier comprising one or more field effect transistors
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- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
- H03B5/1243—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising voltage variable capacitance diodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
- H03B5/1237—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator
- H03B5/124—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance
- H03B5/1246—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising transistors used to provide a variable capacitance
- H03B5/1253—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device comprising means for varying the frequency of the generator the means comprising a voltage dependent capacitance the means comprising transistors used to provide a variable capacitance the transistors being field-effect transistors
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- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
- H03L7/085—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal
- H03L7/089—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses
- H03L7/0891—Details of the phase-locked loop concerning mainly the frequency- or phase-detection arrangement including the filtering or amplification of its output signal the phase or frequency detector generating up-down pulses the up-down pulses controlling source and sink current generators, e.g. a charge pump
- H03L7/0895—Details of the current generators
- H03L7/0898—Details of the current generators the source or sink current values being variable
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/08—Details of the phase-locked loop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/06—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using a reference signal applied to a frequency- or phase-locked loop
- H03L7/16—Indirect frequency synthesis, i.e. generating a desired one of a number of predetermined frequencies using a frequency- or phase-locked loop
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Abstract
【解決手段】送信用発振回路(TXVCO240)のKV特性のばらつきを、位相制御ループ内のチャージポンプ(237)の電流Icpを調整することで補正するようにした。より具体的には、送信用VCOのKV値Kvを測定して、Kv・Icpが所定の値になるようにチャージポンプの電流Icpを調整するようにした。
【選択図】図2
Description
この発明の他の目的は、送信用発振回路を半導体チップに内蔵させる場合に、製造ばらつきに伴う送信用発振回路のKV特性の変化によるEVMの劣化および送信スペクトラムの劣化を防止することができる通信用半導体集積回路を提供することにある。
この発明の前記ならびにそのほかの目的と新規な特徴については、本明細書の記述および添附図面から明らかになるであろう。
すなわち、送信用発振回路(送信用VCO)を含むPLL制御ループにおいて、送信用VCOのKV特性のばらつきを、制御ループ内のチャージポンプの電流Icpを調整することで補正するようにしたものである。より具体的には、送信用VCOのKV値Kv(=発振周波数範囲/制御電圧範囲)を測定して、Kv・Icpが所定の値になるようにチャージポンプの電流Icpを調整する。また、送信用VCOのKV特性のばらつきをチャージポンプの電流Icpで補正する場合、チャージポンプの電流Icpがずれていたのでは正しい調整が行なえないので、送信用VCOのKV特性を補正する前に、先ずチャージポンプの電流を測定して電流のずれを補正する。
すなわち、本発明に従うと、送信用発振回路(TXVCO)を多バンド構成にしたことによりTXVCOを半導体チップに内蔵させた場合にも、広い周波数範囲に亘って発振動作することができるとともに、容量素子のばらつきによりKV値がずれたとしてもこれを補正することができるため発振周波数の精度を高めることができる。
図1は、本発明に係る送信用発振回路を内蔵した通信用半導体集積回路(高周波IC)及びそれを用いた無線通信システムの一実施例を示すブロック図である。この実施例は、位相制御ループと振幅制御ループを有するいわゆるポーラループ方式で8−PSK変調を行なうEDGE方式の無線システムに適用したものである。
受信系回路は、受信信号を増幅するロウノイズアンプ210と、高周波用発振回路(RFVCO)250で生成された発振信号φRFを分周し互いに90°位相がずれた直交信号を生成する分周移相回路211と、ロウノイズアンプ210で増幅された受信信号に分周移相回路211で分周された直交信号を合成することで復調を行なうミキサからなる復調回路212a,212bと、復調されたI,Q信号をそれぞれ増幅してベースバンド回路300へ出力する高利得増幅部(PGA)220A,220Bなどからなる。
チャージポンプ237aは、チャージアップ用の電流源IPと、チャージダウン用の電流源INと、これらの電流源IP,INと出力ノードN0との間に接続され送信時には位相比較回路236からのアップ信号UPまたはダウン信号DOWNによりオン、オフされるスイッチS1,S2と、上記電流源IPと並列に設けられた電流補正用の電流源TI1〜TInと、これらの電流源TI1〜TInとスイッチS1との間に設けられた調整用スイッチS11〜S1nなどから構成されている。
電流値の測定に際しては、先ず、測定開始信号TX_ONをロウレベルにして、スイッチS0をオンさせて容量CLFの電荷をディスチャージした状態で、信号ICPDEF_ONをハイレベルに変化させてコンパレータ371を活性化する(タイミングt1)。また、チャージポンプ237内のスイッチS1をオン、スイッチS2およびS11〜S1nをオフの状態に設定する。そして、例えば1μ秒のような時間をおいて測定開始信号TX_ONをハイレベルに変化させる(タイミングt2)。すると、スイッチS0がオフされて、電流源IPからの電流によって容量CLFが充電され、出力ノードN0の電位Vcapが徐々に増加する。これとともに、タイマカウンタ373では、クロックφrefによる計時動作が開始される。
110 送受信切り替え用のスイッチ
120 フィルタ
130 高周波電力増幅回路
200 高周波IC
210 ロウノイズアンプ
211,232 分周移相回路
212a,212b 復調用ミキサ
220A,220B 高利得増幅回路
233a,233b 変調用ミキサ
230 中間周波数発振回路(IFVCO)
236 位相比較回路
237a 送信用PLLのチャージポンプ
237b 送信用PLLのループフィルタ
238 振幅比較回路
240a,240b 送信用発振回路(TXVCO)
250 高周波発振回路(受信用VCO,RFVCO)
261 RFPLL用シンセサイザ回路
262 IFPLL用シンセサイザ回路
264 基準発振回路
300 ベースバンド回路
Claims (10)
- 複数の周波数帯で発振動作可能に構成され位相変調された信号を出力する送信用発振回路と、該送信用発振回路の出力信号の位相と位相変調および振幅変調された信号の位相とを比較する位相比較回路と、該位相比較回路の出力に応じた電圧を生成するチャージポンプとを含み該チャージポンプにより生成された電圧により前記送信用発振回路の発振周波数を制御する位相制御ループと、
送信信号を電力増幅する電力増幅回路の出力信号の振幅と位相変調および振幅変調された信号の振幅とを比較する振幅比較回路と、該振幅比較回路で検出された振幅差に応じた電圧を生成し前記電力増幅回路へ出力レベル制御信号として出力する振幅制御ループと、
を備え、前記送信用発振回路の制御電圧−発振周波数特性のずれが前記チャージポンプの電流を調整することで補正されるようにされていることを特徴とする通信用半導体集積回路。 - 前記送信用発振回路の各周波数帯での発振周波数範囲/制御電圧範囲の値(Kv)と前記チャージポンプの電流値(Icp)との積(Kv・Icp)が所定の範囲に入るように、前記チャージポンプの電流を調整することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通信用半導体集積回路。
- 前記送信用発振回路の発振周波数を測定可能な周波数測定回路と、
該周波数測定回路により前記送信用発振回路の各周波数帯ごとに測定された周波数情報を記憶する記憶手段と、
前記送信用発振回路の2つの所定制御電圧における発振周波数測定値に基づいて前記チャージポンプの電流の補正値を決定する演算回路と、を備えていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の通信用半導体集積回路。 - 前記チャージポンプの電流の補正値は、前記発振周波数測定値ごとにそれぞれ適切な値がテーブルデータとして前記記憶手段に格納されていることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の通信用半導体集積回路。
- 前記送信用発振回路は、前記チャージポンプにより生成された電圧により容量値が変化される可変容量素子と、複数の固定容量素子と、該固定容量素子を接続離反可能な切替え手段とを備え、該切替え手段により固定容量素子の接続数が切り替えられることにより発振周波数帯が変更されるようにされ、
各発振周波数帯に対応したチャージポンプの電流補正値が前記記憶手段に格納されていることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の通信用半導体集積回路。 - 前記補正値は、前記可変容量素子のばらつきによるKv値のばらつきを補正する値と、前記固定容量素子のばらつきによるKv値のばらつきを補正する値とを含んでいることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の通信用半導体集積回路。
- 前記周波数測定回路による前記送信用発振回路の周波数の測定は、電源投入時と、送信動作および受信動作のいずれもなされていない期間に、それぞれ実行されることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の通信用半導体集積回路。
- 前記送信用発振回路は、GSM方式の送信信号を生成する第1の発振回路と、DCS方式およびPCS方式の送信信号を生成する第2の発振回路であることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載の通信用半導体集積回路。
- 中間周波数の信号を生成する第3の発振回路と、送信データに基づいて生成されたI,Q信号により前記第3の発振回路により生成された中間周波数の信号を直交変調する変調回路を備え、該変調回路により位相変調および振幅変調された信号が前記位相比較回路および振幅比較回路に供給されるようにされていることを特徴とする請求項3〜8のいずれかに記載の通信用半導体集積回路。
- 前記周波数測定回路は、前記送信用発振回路または前記第1の発振回路および第2の発振回路の発振周波数と、前記第3の発振回路の発振周波数を測定可能にされている請求項9に記載の通信用半導体集積回路。
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US10/862,626 US7187911B2 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2004-06-08 | Calibrated PLL for wide band communication semiconductor integrated polar loop transmitter |
US11/651,993 US7450921B2 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2007-01-11 | Communication semiconductor integrated circuit device for use in a mobile communication device for correcting variations in the oscillation frequency of a transmission oscillator by calibrating a current of the charge pump |
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JP5672415B2 (ja) * | 2012-10-05 | 2015-02-18 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 通信端末装置 |
JP2017195456A (ja) * | 2016-04-19 | 2017-10-26 | ザインエレクトロニクス株式会社 | Pll周波数シンセサイザ |
CN110663186A (zh) * | 2017-05-24 | 2020-01-07 | 哉英电子股份有限公司 | Pll频率合成器 |
KR20210025044A (ko) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-03-08 | 스위프트링크 테크놀로지스 인코포레이티드 | 광대역 밀리미터-파 프론트엔드 집적 회로 |
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US8107901B2 (en) * | 2001-08-20 | 2012-01-31 | Motorola Solutions, Inc. | Feedback loop with adjustable bandwidth |
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Also Published As
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US7187911B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 |
US20070111675A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
US20050059372A1 (en) | 2005-03-17 |
US7450921B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 |
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