JP2004114152A - Method for producing metallic material in solid-liquid coexisting state - Google Patents
Method for producing metallic material in solid-liquid coexisting state Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004114152A JP2004114152A JP2003027466A JP2003027466A JP2004114152A JP 2004114152 A JP2004114152 A JP 2004114152A JP 2003027466 A JP2003027466 A JP 2003027466A JP 2003027466 A JP2003027466 A JP 2003027466A JP 2004114152 A JP2004114152 A JP 2004114152A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B7/205—Barrages controlled by the variations of the water level; automatically functioning barrages
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
- E02B7/20—Movable barrages; Lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B7/40—Swinging or turning gates
- E02B7/44—Hinged-leaf gates
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/02—Sediment base gates; Sand sluices; Structures for retaining arresting waterborne material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、溶融金属に電磁気場を印加してから冷却する固液共存状態金属材料およびその製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
固液共存状態金属材料を加工する、いわゆる半凝固あるいは半溶融加工法は、鋳造と鍛造とを混合した複合加工法であって、半凝固成形法と半溶融成形法とに大別できる。半凝固成形法は、半凝固状態で製造された金属スラリを直接成形加工して最終製品に製造する加工法である。また、半溶融成形法は、半凝固状態でビレットを製造した後、このビレットを半溶融状態に再加熱して鍛造あるいはダイカストを実施して最終製品として製造する加工法である。
【0003】
半凝固あるいは半溶融成形用の金属スラリは、半凝固領域の温度で液相と球状の結晶粒が適切な割合で混在する状態でチクソトロピー性により小さな力によっても変形が可能であり、流動性に優れて液相(thixotropic)のように成形加工が容易な状態の金属材料である。ビレットは、再加熱により金属スラリ形態の半溶融状態を回復できるので、半凝固あるいは半溶融成形用の金属材料として非常に有用に利用される。
【0004】
金属スラリやビレットを利用する半凝固あるいは半溶融成形法は、同じ組成の液体金属合金を利用する場合に比べて色々な長所を有している。例えば、金属成形分野において金属スラリは、液体金属合金の完全な溶融に必要な温度より低温で流動性を有するので金型のダイの露出温度がさらに低いから、このダイの寿命が延びる。また、金属スラリが押出される時に乱流の発生がなく、鋳造過程で空気の混入が少なくて最終製品において気孔の発生を防止できる。したがって、熱処理が可能で機械的性質を大きく向上させることができる。その他にも凝固収縮が少なくて作業性および耐食性が改善されて製品の軽量化が可能である。したがって、自動車および航空機産業分野、電気電子情報通信装備の新素材として利用できる。
【0005】
従来の半凝固合金の製造方法は、主に液相線以下の温度で溶融金属を攪拌することによって既に生成された樹枝状結晶組織を破砕して半凝固成形に適するように球状の粒子に作る方法である。攪拌方法には機械的攪拌法と電磁気的攪拌法、ガスバブリング、低周波、高周波または電磁気波振動を利用するか、電気的衝撃による攪拌法などが利用された。
【0006】
そして、液相固相混合物を製造する方法としては、大部分の合金が液相に存在する温度まで、この合金を加熱した後、形成された溶融金属を強く攪拌しながら冷却する。溶融金属中の固体比率が40%以上65%以下に至るまで攪拌し続けながら冷却する。このとき、樹枝状結晶組織の形成を防止するか、あるいは1次固体粒子上に既に形成された樹枝状結晶組織を除去するか減らすことによって固液混合物を製造している(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0007】
また、半凝固合金スラリの製造方法としては、溶融金属が入っている容器内の固化領域の全範囲に亙って提供される移動型磁場により溶融金属が電磁気的に混合される。この方法において、磁場は固化領域で形成された樹枝状結晶組織を所定の剪断速度で剪断させている(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。
【0008】
さらに、半溶融成形材の製造方法としては、合金中のあらゆる金属成分が液相に存在するように合金を加熱した後、得られる液体金属を液相線と固相線との間の温度に冷却する。この後、剪断力を加えて冷却される溶融金属から形成される樹枝状結晶組織を破砕することによって半溶融成形材を製造している(例えば、特許文献3参照。)。
【0009】
また、半凝固鋳造用金属スラリの製造方法としては、液相線温度の付近または液相線より50℃まで高温で溶融金属を容器に注湯する。この後、溶融金属が冷却される過程で溶融金属の少なくとも一部が液相線温度以下になる時点、すなわち最初に液相線温度を通過する時点で、例えば超音波振動により溶融金属に運動を加える。さらに、この溶融金属に運動を加えた後、徐々に冷却することによって粒相結晶形態の金属組織を有する半凝固鋳造用金属スラリを製造している(例えば、特許文献4参照。)。
【0010】
すなわち、溶融金属に液相線の近くで適当な運動を加えることによって最初に形成されたそれぞれの初期結晶核に形成されると思われる樹枝状結晶組織を破砕し、粒子が各々初期結晶核間の相互作用なしに独立的に存在する状態で徐々に冷却して粒相の結晶形態を得る。この方法でも、超音波振動などの力が冷却初期に形成される樹枝状結晶組織を破砕するために利用されている。また、注湯温度を液相線温度より高い水準にすれば、粒状の結晶形態を得難く、かつ溶湯を急に冷却し難い。さらに、表面部と中心部の組織が不均一になる。
【0011】
さらに、半溶融金属の成形方法としては、溶融金属を容器に注湯した後、振動バーを溶融金属中に浸漬させて溶融金属と直接接触させた状態で振動させて溶融金属に振動を与えている。具体的には、溶融金属を先に容器に注湯した後、振動バーを溶融金属中に浸漬させて振動力を溶融金属に伝達する。この結果、液相線温度以上で結晶核を有する液体状態の合金または液相線以下、成形温度以上の温度範囲で結晶核を有する固液共存状態の合金を形成する。この後、所定の液相率を示す成形温度まで溶融金属を容器内で冷却しながら30秒以上60分以下の間維持することによって合金中に微細な結晶核を成長させて半溶融金属を得る。ところが、この方法で得られる結晶核の大きさは約100μmであり、工程所要時間が相当長く、所定大きさ以上の容器に適用し難い(例えば、特許文献5参照。)。
【0012】
また、半溶融金属スラリの製造方法としては、冷却と攪拌とを同時に精密に制御することによって半溶融金属スラリを製造している。具体的には、溶融金属を混合容器に注湯した後、混合容器周囲に設置された固定子アセンブリを作動させて容器内の溶融金属を急速に攪拌するのに十分な磁気力を発生させる。さらに、混合容器の周囲に設けられて容器および溶融金属の温度を精密に調節する作用をするサーマルジャケットを利用して溶融金属の温度を急速に落とす。溶融金属の冷却時に溶融金属は攪拌され続け、固相率が低い時には速い攪拌を提供し、固相率が増加するにつれて増大した起電力を提供する方式で調節される(例えば、特許文献6参照。)。
【0013】
【特許文献1】
米国特許第3948650号明細書(第3−8欄、図3)
【0014】
【特許文献2】
米国特許第4465118号明細書(第4−12欄、図1、図2、図5および図6)
【0015】
【特許文献3】
米国特許第4694881号明細書(第2−6欄)
【0016】
【特許文献4】
特開平11−33692号公報(第3−5頁、図1)
【0017】
【特許文献5】
特開平10−128516号公報(第4−7頁、図3)
【0018】
【特許文献6】
米国特許第6432160号明細書(第7−15欄、図1Aないし図2Bおよび図4)
【0019】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述したように、上記従来の技術では、大部分剪断力を利用して冷却過程で既に形成された樹枝状結晶形態を粉砕して粒相の金属組織にする方法を利用している。したがって、溶融金属の少なくとも一部が液相線以下に下がってこそ振動などの力を加えるので初期凝固層の形成による潜熱の発生により冷却速度の減少および製造時間の増加などの各種の問題を避けにくい。また、溶融金属の容器への注湯温度を調節しなければ、容器壁面部と中心部との温度差によって壁面付近での初期凝固層の樹枝状結晶組織の形成を防止し難いので、容器注湯温度および冷却過程を精密に調節せねばならない。
【0020】
本発明は、このような点に鑑みなされたもので、より微細な球状化粒子を得ると同時にエネルギ効率の改善、製造コストの節減、機械的性質の向上、鋳造工程の簡便化および製造時間短縮の利点を実現できる固液共存状態金属材料およびその製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
【0021】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法によれば、容器に電磁気場を印加する印加工程と、この印加工程にて前記容器に前記電磁気場が印加されている状態で溶融金属を前記容器に注湯する注湯工程と、前記溶融金属が注湯された前記容器に対する電磁気場の印加を終了する終了工程と、電磁気場の印加が終了された前記溶融金属を冷却して固液共存状態の金属材料を形成する冷却工程とを具備したものである。
【0022】
そして、溶融金属が入っている容器の中心部と壁面部との間および上部と下部との間のそれぞれに温度差がほとんどないから、容器内の溶融金属の温度が均一であり、ある特定領域での初期凝固による潜熱が発生しないため、溶融金属が短時間に急速に冷却できる。したがって、溶融金属の結晶核生成密度が顕著に増加することにより球状粒子の微細化を実現できる。
【0023】
また、終了工程は、溶融金属の固相率が0.001以上0.1以下となった時点で印加工程による電磁気場の印加を終了することが望ましい。
【0024】
さらに、金属材料は、金属スラリおよびビレット状のいずれかである。
【0025】
また、注湯工程は、溶融金属の注湯時の温度が、この溶融金属の液相線温度よりは高く、液相線+100℃より低いことが望ましい。
【0026】
さらに、固液共存状態の金属材料を2次成形する2次成形工程を具備し、この2次成形工程は、ダイカスト、溶湯鍛造、鍛造およびプレス加工のいずれかである。
【0027】
また、ビレット状の金属材料を2次成形のために固液共存状態に再加熱する再加熱工程を具備したものである。
【0028】
さらに、冷却工程は、溶融金属の固相率が0.1以上0.7以下となるまで冷却することが望ましい。
【0029】
また、冷却工程は、溶融金属を0.2℃/sec以上5℃/sec以下の速度で冷却することが望ましい。
【0030】
さらに、冷却工程は、溶融金属を0.2℃/sec以上2℃/sec以下の速度で冷却することがさらに望ましい。
【0031】
また、溶融金属は、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、マグネシウム、マグネシウム合金、亜鉛、亜鉛合金、銅、銅合金、鉄および鉄合金のいずれかである。
【0032】
さらに、金属材料は、結晶核粒子の分布が均一で粒子組織が球状であり金属スラリおよびビレット状のいずれかであるとともに、粒子の平均粒径が10μm以上60μm以下である。
【0033】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の一実施の形態を図面を参照して説明する。
【0034】
まず、容器に溶融金属を注湯する注湯工程の前に容器に電磁気場を印加工程にて印加し、この状態で容器に溶融金属を注湯する。電磁気場の代わりに超音波などが利用されることもある。適用できる金属は、固液共存状態成形用、いわゆる半凝固あるいは半溶融成形用に利用できるものであればいずれも利用でき、その中でもアルミニウム、マグネシウム、銅、亜鉛、鉄およびこれらの合金よりなる群から選択されることが望ましい。これら合金は最終成形品で要求される物性によって色々な任意の金属を含むことができる。
【0035】
溶融金属を容器に注湯する時点で、溶融金属の温度は液相線温度より高く、この溶融金属の液相線+100℃より低い温度(溶湯過熱度=0℃以上100℃以下)に維持されることが望ましい。すなわち、溶融金属が入っている容器全体が均一に冷却されるので、容器に溶融金属を注湯する前に液相線温度付近まで冷却する必要がなく、液相線温度より100℃程度の高温を維持しても関係ない。
【0036】
一方、溶融金属を容器に注湯した後、溶融金属の一部が液相線以下になる時点で容器に電磁気場を印加する従来の方法では、容器の壁面に初期凝固層が形成されながら凝固潜熱が発生するが、凝固潜熱は比熱の約400倍であるために容器全体の溶融金属の温度が下がるまでは長時間がかかる。したがって、このような従来方法では液相線程度または液相線より約50℃高温まで溶融金属の温度を冷却した後、容器に注湯することが一般的である。
【0037】
さらに、電磁気場が容器に印加された状態で溶融金属を容器に注湯することによって、溶融金属が注湯された容器の壁面部と中心部、上部と下部間に温度差がほとんどない。したがって、従来の技術で発生する容器壁面付近での初期凝固が起きず、容器内の溶融金属全体が均一に液相線温度直下に急速に冷却されて多数の結晶核を同時に発生させることができる。また、このように容器全体にわたって温度差が発生しない理由は、容器に溶融金属を注湯する時点に既に容器に電磁気場が印加されているために、活発な初期攪拌作用により内部の溶融金属と表面の溶融金属とがよく攪拌されて溶融金属内での熱伝逹が速く行われて容器内壁での初期凝固層の形成が抑制されるからである。また、よく攪拌されている溶融金属と低温の容器内壁との対流熱伝逹が増加して溶融金属全体の温度を急速に冷却工程で冷却することができる。すなわち、容器に注湯された溶融金属は注湯と同時に電磁気場の攪拌により分散粒子となり、この分散粒子が結晶核として容器内に均一に分布され、これにより容器全体にわたって温度差が発生しなくなる。一方、従来の技術によれば、注湯された溶融金属が低温の容器内壁と接触して急速な対流熱伝逹により初期凝固層での樹枝状結晶が成長する。
【0038】
そして、原理は凝固潜熱と関連して説明できる。すなわち、容器の壁面での溶融金属の初期凝固が発生せず凝固潜熱が発生しないために、溶融金属の冷却は単に溶融金属の比熱(凝固潜熱の約1/400に過ぎない)に該当する程度の熱量の放出だけで可能である。したがって、従来の技術で容器の壁面部でしばしば発生する初期凝固層である樹枝状結晶が形成されずに、容器内の溶融金属が容器の壁面から中心部にわたって全体的に均一でかつ急速に温度が下がる様子を示す。このときの温度を下げるのに必要な時間は溶融金属の注湯後約1秒以上10秒以下の短い時間にすぎない。これにより、多数の結晶核が容器内の溶融金属全体にわたって均一に生成され、結晶核生成密度の増加により結晶核間の距離は非常に短くなって樹枝状結晶が形成されずに独立的に成長して球状粒子を形成する。
【0039】
印加工程による電磁気場の印加は、容器内の溶融金属の温度が液相線付近に至った時に終了工程にて終了する。電磁気場印加の終了時、容器内の溶融金属の固相率は0.001以上0.1以下であることが望ましい。さらに、固相率が所定レベル、すなわち約0.1になれば結晶核生成が終了する。この時点で容器に対する電磁気場の印加を終了する。固相率が0.1以上になった状態でも電磁気場を印加し続けるのはエネルギ効率面で望ましくなく、凝固組織が粗大化され、かつ工程時間が延びるために望ましくない。
【0040】
容器に対する電磁気場の印加を終了した後、所定固相率、望ましくは0.1以上0.7以下の固相率に至るまで溶融金属を冷却工程にて冷却する。
【0041】
この冷却工程での溶融金属の冷却速度は0.2℃/sec以上5.0℃/sec以下であることが望ましく、結晶核の分布度および粒子の微細度面で冷却速度は0.2℃/sec以上2.0℃/sec以下であることがさらに望ましい。
【0042】
上記一実施の形態によれば、溶融金属の容器への注湯時点から固相率0.1以上0.7以下の金属スラリ形態の金属材料に形成される時点までの所要時間が30秒以上60秒以下にすぎない。金属スラリは急冷を経てビレットとして製造できる。
【0043】
また、金属スラリまたはビレット状の金属材料は、再びダイカスト、溶湯鍛造、鍛造、プレス加工などの2次成形段階を2次成形工程で経ることができる。ビレット状に製造された金属材料は適当な長さに切断されてスラグにすることができ、2次成形のためにスラグは、再加熱工程による再加熱を通じて半溶融状態に回復される。
【0044】
さらに、製造された半凝固あるいは半溶融成形用金属材料に含まれていた金属粒子は、平均粒径が10μm以上60μm以下の微細な球状であり、粒径分布も均一である。
【0045】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の実施例を図面を参照して説明する。
【0046】
<実施例1>
まず、この実施例1では溶融金属の合金素材としてアルミニウム合金であるA356合金を使用した。500gのA356合金を電気炉(10kW)で黒鉛るつぼを利用して約750℃で1時間加熱して溶融した後、この溶融された溶融金属をデジタル温度測定器に付着されたシールド型熱電対(K−type)で温度を測定して溶融金属の温度が溶融金属の液相線温度(A356合金の場合に約615℃)より約100℃高温以下になるように維持した。
【0047】
この実施例1による作業工程図を図1に示す。
【0048】
容器に電磁気場を印加するにおいて、電磁気場攪拌装置(EMS:自体製作した装置)の電圧、周波数および強度を各々250V、60Hz、500ガウスに固定させた。溶融金属を容器に注湯する前にEMSに電源を供給してEMSを作動させた状態で、溶融金属の温度が650℃(図1でTp:pouring temperature)に至った時に溶融金属を容器に注湯した。
【0049】
この容器にあらかじめ電磁気場攪拌運動を加えた状態で溶融金属を容器に注湯した後、この溶融金属の温度が液相線付近に至った時(図1中のa点)に、EMSの作動を中止させた。すなわち、図1中の区間pでのみEMSを作動させた。EMSの作動を止めた後、固相率が0.6になる温度(図1中のb点、この時の温度は約586℃)まで1℃/secの冷却速度で溶融金属を冷却して金属スラリを得た。溶融金属を容器に注湯した時点から0.6の固相率に至るまで約40秒の時間がかかった。
【0050】
以後、2次成形過程を経るが、すなわち図1中のb点以後、ダイカスト、溶湯鍛造、鍛造あるいはプレス加工などの2次成形段階を経る。
【0051】
実施例1の方法によって製造された金属材料の金属組織を観察するために次のような方法で試片を得た。まず、金属スラリを急冷してビレットを製造した。帯のこ(bandsaw)を利用してビレットを切断して切断片を得た後、ポリシングしてケラー(Keller)溶液(20mlのH2O+20mlのHCl+20mlのHNO3+5mlのHF)を利用してエッチングした後、イメージ分析用試片として使用し、イメージ分析器(Image Analyzer:LEIC ADMR)を利用して金属組織を観察した。この結果を図2に示す。この図2に示すように、この実施例1によれば、表面部と中心部とにわたって均一でかつ微細な球状の粒子組織を有する金属材料を得ることができる。
【0052】
<実施例2−5>
実施例1と同じ方法で実施するが、容器に注湯する際の溶液金属の温度をそれぞれ720℃(実施例2)、700℃(実施例3)、650℃(実施例4)および620℃(実施例5)とし、溶融金属の固相率が0.05(液相線温度直上)に至った時にEMSの作動を止めて固相率0.6まで冷却した後、急冷してビレットを製造した。工程が終了するまでかかる時間は総1分以内であった。このようにして得たビレットに対して実施例1と同じ方法で試片を製造した後、金属組織を観察した。実施例2ないし5のそれぞれで得た試片に対するイメージ分析写真を図3ないし図6に示す。
【0053】
これら図3ないし図6に示すように、720℃以下620℃以上の温度範囲内で溶融金属の容器注湯温度を変化させた場合にも微細でかつ均一な合金(球状粒子の平均粒径は30μm以上60μm以下)が製造された。したがって、これら実施例2ないし5によれば、1分未満の短い時間でも球状化組織を得ることができる。これは、核生成密度の顕著な増加により初期結晶間の間隔が顕著に縮まって従来の方法より速い冷却でも組織の形状を一定に維持できるからである。
【0054】
<実施例6−9>
実施例1と同じ方法で実施するが、電磁気場の印加を終了した後に溶融金属を冷却する際の冷却速度をそれぞれ0.2℃/sec(実施例6)、0.4℃/sec(実施例7)、0.6℃/sec(実施例8)および2.0℃/sec(実施例9)として金属スラリを得た後、急冷してビレットを製造した。これらビレットに対して実施例1と同じ方法で試片を製造した後で金属組織を観察した。この結果を図7ないし図10に示す。
【0055】
これら図7ないし図10に示すように、溶融金属の冷却過程でその冷却速度を多様に変化させても得られる金属組織は球状を示す。また、金属組織の粒子が平均粒径10ないし60μmで微細でかつ球状粒子の分布も均一である。
【0056】
<実施例10−13>
実施例1と同じ方法で実施するが、電磁気場の印加を終了した後で溶融金属を冷却するに当って、冷却終了時点の温度を変化させた。この冷却終了時の溶融金属の温度をそれぞれ610℃(実施例10:固相率が約0.2)、600℃(実施例11)、590℃(実施例12)、586℃(実施例13:固相率が約0.6)になる時点とした。実施例1と同じ方法で試片を製造して試片に対する金属組織を観察した。この結果を図11ないし図14に示す。
【0057】
これら図11ないし図14にて示す金属組織の写真から分かるように、電磁気場攪拌を終了した後、溶融金属の冷却段階で冷却終了時点を多様に変化させても得られる合金の金属組織は微細でかつ球状粒子の分布が均一である。すなわち、これら実施例10ないし実施例13によって、容器にあらかじめ電磁気場攪拌を加えた状態で溶融金属を容器に注湯して液相線付近で電磁気場攪拌を終了した場合に、冷却終了時点を変化させても得られる合金の金属組織には差がほとんどない。
【0058】
<実施例14>
実施例1と同じ方法で実施するが、注湯温度を650℃として電磁気場の印加を終了した後、固相率0.6に至るまで1.5℃/secの冷却速度で溶融金属を冷却した。溶融金属の注湯後に固相率0.6に至るまでかかる時間は35秒であった。実施例1と同じ方法で試片を製造して試片の表面部および中心部に対する金属組織を観察した。この結果を図15および図16に示す。
【0059】
<実施例15>
実施例1と同じ方法で実施するが、溶融金属の容器への注湯温度を700℃として電磁気場の印加を終了した後、固相率0.6に至るまで1.5℃/secの冷却速度で溶融金属を冷却した。溶融金属の注湯後に固相率0.6に至るまでかかる時間は40秒であった。実施例1に記載された方法と同じ方法で試片を製造して試片の表面部および中心部に対する金属組織を観察した。この結果を図17および図18に示す。
【0060】
<比較例1>
比較のために、実施例14と同じ方法で実施するが、溶融金属を容器に注湯した後、液相線温度直下でEMSを約10秒作動させ、0.8℃/secの速度で溶融金属の固相率が約0.6に至るまで冷却した。溶融金属の注湯後に固相率0.6に至るまでかかる時間は75秒であった。実施例1と同じ方法によって試片を製造して金属組織を観察し、この結果を図19および図20に示す。
【0061】
<比較例2>
比較のために、実施例15と同じ方法で実施するが、溶融金属を容器に注湯した後、液相線温度直下でEMSを約10秒作動させ、1.0℃/secの速度で溶融金属の固相率が約0.6に至るまで冷却した。溶融金属の注湯後に固相率0.6に至るまでかかる時間は85秒であった。実施例1と同じ方法によって試片を製造して金属組織を観察し、この結果を図21および図22に示す。
【0062】
実施例14および15の結果と比較例1および2の結果とを比較すれば、これら実施例14および15で得た金属材料は、表面部および中心部の金属粒子組織が均一に球状を示し、金属粒子の平均粒径も表面部および中心部にわたって均一でかつ微細な一方、比較例1および2で従来の方法によって溶融金属を容器に注湯した後、その温度が液相線以下になった時、電磁気場攪拌力を印加した場合には中心部は球状粒子組織を示し、表面部は樹枝状構造を示すことによって金属材料の表面部と中心部間の金属組織が均一でない。さらに、半凝固あるいは半溶融成形用金属材料の製造時間が大きく短縮した。これは、容器内の溶融金属の初期結晶核生成密度の増加によって短時間の結晶核成長でも所定の固相率に到達できるからである。
【0063】
上述した実施例および比較例で分かるように、溶融金属の容器注湯温度を液相線より約100℃の高温まで高めることができ、短時間の電磁気場攪拌を通じて微細合金を製造でき、金属スラリまたはビレット状の半凝固あるいは半溶融成形用の金属材料の製造にかかる時間を大幅に短縮でき、得られる合金の金属組織は微細化した球状粒子の形態を示す。
【0064】
上記各実施例では商用のA356合金を半凝固あるいは半溶融成形用の金属材料に製造する場合について説明したが、上記A356合金の製造に限定されるものではなく、その他の多様な金属あるいは合金、例えば、アルミニウムまたはその合金、マグネシウムまたはその合金、亜鉛またはその合金、銅またはその合金、または鉄またはその合金などの製造にも汎用的に適用できる。
【0065】
【発明の効果】
本発明の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法によれば、初期凝固層の形成による凝固潜熱の発生なしに容器内の溶融金属の周辺部と中心部、上部と下部とにわたる全領域を液相線温度直下に急冷することによって核生成密度を顕著に増加させて粒子の球状化を実現でき、全体的に均一でかつ微細な球状粒子の分布を実現できて合金の機械的性質の向上を具現できる。
【0066】
また、製造工程が単純で工程の制御が容易であり、かつ電磁気場の攪拌時間を大幅に短縮できるので攪拌に必要なエネルギの消耗が少なく、製品の成形時間も短縮して経済的にも相当な利点がある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施例による固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法を示す工程図である。
【図2】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法によって製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図3】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の容器注湯温度を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図4】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の容器注湯温度を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図5】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の容器注湯温度を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図6】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の容器注湯温度を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図7】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の冷却速度を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図8】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の冷却速度を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図9】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の冷却速度を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図10】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の冷却速度を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図11】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の冷却終了時点を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図12】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の冷却終了時点を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図13】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の冷却終了時点を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図14】同上固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法で溶融金属の冷却終了時点を変化させて製造された金属材料の組織を示す写真である。
【図15】本発明の他の一実施例によって製造された金属材料の表面部の組織を示す写真である。
【図16】同上金属材料の中心部の組織を示す写真である。
【図17】本発明のまた他の一実施例によって製造された金属材料の表面部の組織を示す写真である。
【図18】同上金属材料の中心部の組織を示す写真である。
【図19】従来の半凝固成形法によって製造された金属材料の表面部の組織を示す写真である。
【図20】同上金属材料の中心部の組織を示す写真である。
【図21】従来の他の半凝固成形法によって製造された金属材料の表面部の組織を示す写真である。
【図22】同上金属材料の中心部の組織を示す写真である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solid-liquid coexisting metallic material that cools a molten metal after applying an electromagnetic field to the molten metal and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The so-called semi-solid or semi-solid processing method of processing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state is a composite processing method in which casting and forging are mixed, and can be roughly classified into a semi-solid molding method and a semi-solid molding method. The semi-solid molding method is a processing method in which a metal slurry produced in a semi-solid state is directly molded to produce a final product. In addition, the semi-solid molding method is a processing method in which a billet is manufactured in a semi-solid state, and then the billet is reheated to a semi-molten state, forged or die cast, and manufactured as a final product.
[0003]
Metal slurry for semi-solidification or semi-solid molding can be deformed even by a small force due to thixotropy in a state where the liquid phase and spherical crystal grains are mixed at an appropriate ratio at the temperature of the semi-solidification region, and the fluidity is improved. It is a metal material that is easily formed and processed like a liquid phase (thixotropic). Since the billet can recover the semi-molten state of the metal slurry form by reheating, it is very usefully used as a metal material for semi-solidification or semi-solid molding.
[0004]
Semi-solid or semi-solid molding methods using metal slurries or billets have various advantages over using liquid metal alloys of the same composition. For example, in the metal forming arts, metal slurries have a lower flow temperature than required for complete melting of the liquid metal alloy, thereby lowering the exposure temperature of the die of the mold, thus extending the life of the die. In addition, no turbulence is generated when the metal slurry is extruded, and air is less mixed in the casting process, so that generation of pores in the final product can be prevented. Therefore, heat treatment is possible and mechanical properties can be greatly improved. In addition, the coagulation shrinkage is small, workability and corrosion resistance are improved, and the product can be reduced in weight. Therefore, it can be used as a new material in the fields of the automobile and aircraft industries and electrical and electronic information communication equipment.
[0005]
Conventional semi-solid alloy manufacturing methods are mainly used to agitate the molten metal at a temperature below the liquidus to break the dendritic crystal structure already formed into spherical particles suitable for semi-solid molding. Is the way. The stirring method used was a mechanical stirring method, an electromagnetic stirring method, gas bubbling, low frequency, high frequency or electromagnetic wave vibration, or a stirring method using an electric shock.
[0006]
As a method of producing a liquid-solid mixture, the alloy is heated to a temperature at which most of the alloy is present in the liquid phase, and then the formed molten metal is cooled while being strongly stirred. Cooling is continued while stirring until the solids ratio in the molten metal reaches 40% or more and 65% or less. At this time, a solid-liquid mixture is produced by preventing the formation of a dendritic crystal structure or removing or reducing the dendritic crystal structure already formed on the primary solid particles (for example, Patent Document 1). reference.).
[0007]
As a method for producing a semi-solid alloy slurry, a molten metal is electromagnetically mixed by a moving magnetic field provided over the entire solidified region in a container containing the molten metal. In this method, the magnetic field causes the dendritic crystal structure formed in the solidified region to shear at a predetermined shear rate (for example, see Patent Document 2).
[0008]
Further, as a method for producing a semi-solid molded material, after heating the alloy so that all metal components in the alloy exist in the liquid phase, the obtained liquid metal is heated to a temperature between the liquidus line and the solidus line. Cooling. Thereafter, a semi-solid molded material is manufactured by crushing a dendritic crystal structure formed from a molten metal cooled by applying a shearing force (for example, see Patent Document 3).
[0009]
As a method for producing a metal slurry for semi-solid casting, molten metal is poured into a container at a temperature near the liquidus temperature or at a high temperature up to 50 ° C. from the liquidus temperature. Thereafter, at the time when at least a part of the molten metal falls below the liquidus temperature in the process of cooling the molten metal, that is, at the time when the molten metal first passes the liquidus temperature, the molten metal is moved by ultrasonic vibration, for example. Add. Furthermore, a metal slurry for semi-solid casting having a metal structure in the form of a grain phase crystal is manufactured by gradually cooling the molten metal after applying a motion to the molten metal (for example, see Patent Document 4).
[0010]
That is, by applying an appropriate motion to the molten metal near the liquidus, the dendrite-like crystal structure, which is thought to be formed in each of the initial crystal nuclei initially formed, is crushed, and particles are respectively formed between the initial crystal nuclei. Is gradually cooled in an independently existing state without the interaction between the particles to obtain a crystalline form of a granular phase. Also in this method, a force such as ultrasonic vibration is used to crush the dendritic crystal structure formed in the initial stage of cooling. Further, if the pouring temperature is set to a level higher than the liquidus temperature, it is difficult to obtain a granular crystal form and to rapidly cool the molten metal. Further, the texture of the surface portion and the central portion becomes uneven.
[0011]
Furthermore, as a method of forming a semi-molten metal, after pouring the molten metal into a container, a vibrating bar is immersed in the molten metal and vibrated in a state of being in direct contact with the molten metal to vibrate the molten metal. I have. Specifically, after pouring the molten metal into the container first, the vibration bar is immersed in the molten metal to transmit the vibration force to the molten metal. As a result, an alloy in a liquid state having crystal nuclei at a temperature equal to or higher than the liquidus temperature or a solid-liquid coexisting alloy having crystal nuclei at a temperature lower than the liquidus temperature and equal to or higher than the forming temperature is formed. Thereafter, by maintaining the molten metal in a container for 30 seconds or more and 60 minutes or less while cooling the molten metal to a molding temperature showing a predetermined liquidus ratio, a fine crystal nucleus is grown in the alloy to obtain a semi-molten metal. . However, the size of the crystal nucleus obtained by this method is about 100 μm, the time required for the process is considerably long, and it is difficult to apply the method to a container having a predetermined size or more (for example, see Patent Document 5).
[0012]
In addition, as a method for producing a semi-molten metal slurry, a semi-molten metal slurry is produced by precisely controlling cooling and stirring simultaneously. Specifically, after pouring the molten metal into the mixing vessel, a stator assembly installed around the mixing vessel is operated to generate a magnetic force sufficient to rapidly stir the molten metal in the vessel. In addition, the temperature of the molten metal is rapidly reduced using a thermal jacket provided around the mixing vessel and acting to precisely control the temperature of the vessel and the molten metal. As the molten metal cools, the molten metal continues to be stirred, adjusted to provide fast stirring when the solid fraction is low, and to provide an increased electromotive force as the solid fraction increases (see, for example, US Pat. .).
[0013]
[Patent Document 1]
U.S. Pat. No. 3,948,650 (columns 3-8, FIG. 3)
[0014]
[Patent Document 2]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,118 (columns 4-12, FIGS. 1, 2, 5, and 6)
[0015]
[Patent Document 3]
U.S. Pat. No. 4,694,881 (columns 2-6)
[0016]
[Patent Document 4]
JP-A-11-33692 (page 3-5, FIG. 1)
[0017]
[Patent Document 5]
JP-A-10-128516 (page 4-7, FIG. 3)
[0018]
[Patent Document 6]
U.S. Pat. No. 6,432,160 (columns 7-15, FIGS. 1A-2B and 4)
[0019]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the above-mentioned conventional technique uses a method in which a dendritic crystal form already formed in a cooling process is pulverized into a granular metal structure using a shearing force for the most part. Therefore, vibration and other forces are applied only when at least a part of the molten metal falls below the liquidus line, and various problems such as a reduction in cooling rate and an increase in manufacturing time due to the generation of latent heat due to the formation of an initial solidified layer are avoided. Hateful. Unless the temperature of the molten metal poured into the container is adjusted, it is difficult to prevent the formation of a dendritic crystal structure of the initial solidified layer near the wall due to the temperature difference between the container wall and the center. Hot water temperature and cooling process must be precisely controlled.
[0020]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and provides energy efficiency improvement, reduction of manufacturing cost, improvement of mechanical properties, simplification of a casting process, and reduction of manufacturing time while obtaining finer spheroidized particles. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solid-liquid coexisting metallic material capable of realizing the advantages of the above and a method for producing the same.
[0021]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the method for producing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state of the present invention, an application step of applying an electromagnetic field to a container, and in the application step, the molten metal is applied to the container while the electromagnetic field is being applied to the container. A step of ending the application of an electromagnetic field to the container into which the molten metal has been poured, and a step of cooling the molten metal to which the application of the electromagnetic field has been completed to coexist in a solid-liquid state. And a cooling step of forming the metal material.
[0022]
Since there is almost no temperature difference between the central part and the wall part of the container containing the molten metal and between the upper part and the lower part, the temperature of the molten metal in the container is uniform, Since no latent heat is generated by the initial solidification in the step, the molten metal can be rapidly cooled in a short time. Therefore, the refining density of the crystal nuclei of the molten metal is significantly increased, so that the spherical particles can be made finer.
[0023]
In the termination step, it is desirable that the application of the electromagnetic field by the application step is terminated when the solid phase ratio of the molten metal becomes 0.001 or more and 0.1 or less.
[0024]
Further, the metal material is either a metal slurry or a billet.
[0025]
In the pouring step, it is desirable that the temperature of the molten metal at the time of pouring is higher than the liquidus temperature of the molten metal and lower than the liquidus line + 100 ° C.
[0026]
Further, a secondary forming step of secondary forming a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state is provided, and the secondary forming step is any one of die casting, molten metal forging, forging, and press working.
[0027]
Further, a reheating step of reheating the billet-shaped metal material to a solid-liquid coexistence state for secondary molding is provided.
[0028]
Further, in the cooling step, it is desirable to cool the molten metal until the solid phase ratio of the molten metal becomes 0.1 or more and 0.7 or less.
[0029]
In the cooling step, it is desirable to cool the molten metal at a rate of 0.2 ° C./sec or more and 5 ° C./sec or less.
[0030]
Further, in the cooling step, it is more desirable to cool the molten metal at a rate of 0.2 ° C./sec or more and 2 ° C./sec or less.
[0031]
The molten metal is any of aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, copper, copper alloy, iron and iron alloy.
[0032]
Further, the metal material has a uniform distribution of crystal nuclei particles, a spherical particle structure, either a metal slurry or a billet shape, and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or more and 60 μm or less.
[0033]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0034]
First, before the pouring step of pouring the molten metal into the container, an electromagnetic field is applied to the container in an applying step, and the molten metal is poured into the container in this state. Ultrasonic waves may be used instead of the electromagnetic field. Applicable metals can be used as long as they can be used for solid-liquid coexisting molding, so-called semi-solid or semi-solid molding, and among them, aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and alloys thereof It is desirable to select from. These alloys can include various optional metals depending on the physical properties required for the final molded article.
[0035]
At the time of pouring the molten metal into the container, the temperature of the molten metal is higher than the liquidus temperature, and is maintained at a temperature lower than the liquidus temperature of the molten metal + 100 ° C (molten superheat = 0 ° C or more and 100 ° C or less). Is desirable. That is, since the entire container containing the molten metal is uniformly cooled, there is no need to cool the liquid metal to a temperature near the liquidus temperature before pouring the molten metal into the container. Does not matter.
[0036]
On the other hand, in the conventional method of applying an electromagnetic field to the container when a portion of the molten metal is below the liquidus after pouring the molten metal into the container, a solidification layer is formed while an initial solidification layer is formed on the wall surface of the container. Latent heat is generated, but since the latent heat of solidification is about 400 times the specific heat, it takes a long time until the temperature of the molten metal in the entire container falls. Therefore, in such a conventional method, it is general that the molten metal is cooled to a temperature around the liquidus line or about 50 ° C. higher than the liquidus line and then poured into the container.
[0037]
Further, by pouring the molten metal into the container while the electromagnetic field is applied to the container, there is almost no temperature difference between the wall portion, the central portion, and the upper and lower portions of the container into which the molten metal has been poured. Therefore, initial solidification does not occur near the vessel wall, which occurs in the conventional technique, and the entire molten metal in the vessel is rapidly cooled to just below the liquidus temperature, and a large number of crystal nuclei can be simultaneously generated. . In addition, the reason why the temperature difference does not occur in the entire container is that an electromagnetic field is already applied to the container at the time of pouring the molten metal into the container. This is because the molten metal on the surface is well stirred and heat transfer in the molten metal is performed quickly, so that the formation of an initial solidified layer on the inner wall of the container is suppressed. Also, the convective heat transfer between the well-stirred molten metal and the inner wall of the low-temperature container increases, so that the temperature of the entire molten metal can be rapidly cooled in the cooling process. In other words, the molten metal poured into the container becomes dispersed particles by the stirring of the electromagnetic field at the same time as the molten metal is poured, and the dispersed particles are uniformly distributed as crystal nuclei in the container, so that no temperature difference occurs over the entire container. . On the other hand, according to the prior art, the poured molten metal comes into contact with the inner wall of the low-temperature container, and rapid convective heat transfer causes dendritic crystals to grow in the initially solidified layer.
[0038]
And the principle can be explained in relation to the latent heat of solidification. That is, since the initial solidification of the molten metal does not occur on the wall surface of the container and the latent heat of solidification does not occur, the cooling of the molten metal merely corresponds to the specific heat of the molten metal (about 1/400 of the latent heat of solidification). It is possible only by releasing the amount of heat. Therefore, the densified crystals, which are the initial solidified layer that often occurs on the wall surface of the container in the prior art, are not formed, and the molten metal in the container is uniformly and rapidly heated from the wall surface of the container to the center. Shows how it goes down. The time required to lower the temperature at this time is only a short time of about 1 second or more and 10 seconds or less after pouring of the molten metal. As a result, a large number of crystal nuclei are uniformly generated throughout the molten metal in the container, and the distance between the crystal nuclei is extremely short due to an increase in the crystal nucleation density, and the crystal nuclei grow independently without forming dendrites. To form spherical particles.
[0039]
The application of the electromagnetic field in the application step ends in the termination step when the temperature of the molten metal in the container approaches the liquidus line. At the end of the application of the electromagnetic field, the solid phase ratio of the molten metal in the container is desirably 0.001 or more and 0.1 or less. Further, when the solid fraction becomes a predetermined level, that is, about 0.1, the crystal nucleation is completed. At this point, the application of the electromagnetic field to the container is terminated. It is not desirable in terms of energy efficiency to continue applying the electromagnetic field even when the solid phase ratio is 0.1 or more, and it is not desirable because the solidified structure is coarsened and the process time is prolonged.
[0040]
After the application of the electromagnetic field to the container is completed, the molten metal is cooled in a cooling step until the solid phase ratio reaches a predetermined solid phase ratio, preferably 0.1 to 0.7.
[0041]
The cooling rate of the molten metal in this cooling step is desirably 0.2 ° C./sec or more and 5.0 ° C./sec or less, and the cooling rate is 0.2 ° C. in terms of crystal nucleus distribution and grain fineness. / Sec or more and 2.0 ° C / sec or less.
[0042]
According to the above embodiment, the time required from the time of pouring the molten metal into the container to the time of forming the metal material in the form of a metal slurry having a solid fraction of 0.1 or more and 0.7 or less is 30 seconds or more. Less than 60 seconds. Metal slurries can be manufactured as billets after quenching.
[0043]
In addition, the metal slurry or billet-shaped metal material can be subjected to a secondary forming step such as die casting, molten metal forging, forging, and press working in a secondary forming step. The billet-shaped metal material can be cut into appropriate lengths to form slag, and the slag is restored to a semi-molten state through reheating in a reheating step for secondary forming.
[0044]
Furthermore, the metal particles contained in the manufactured metal material for semi-solidification or semi-solid molding are fine spheres having an average particle size of 10 μm or more and 60 μm or less, and the particle size distribution is uniform.
[0045]
【Example】
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0046]
<Example 1>
First, in Example 1, an A356 alloy, which is an aluminum alloy, was used as the alloy material of the molten metal. After heating 500 g of A356 alloy in an electric furnace (10 kW) using a graphite crucible at about 750 ° C. for 1 hour to melt the molten metal, a shielded thermocouple attached to a digital thermometer ( The temperature of the molten metal was measured by K-type) to maintain the temperature of the molten metal at about 100 ° C. or lower than the liquidus temperature of the molten metal (about 615 ° C. for A356 alloy).
[0047]
A working process diagram according to the first embodiment is shown in FIG.
[0048]
When an electromagnetic field was applied to the container, the voltage, frequency, and intensity of the electromagnetic field stirrer (EMS: a device manufactured by itself) were fixed at 250 V, 60 Hz, and 500 Gauss, respectively. Before the molten metal is poured into the container, the power is supplied to the EMS and the EMS is operated. When the temperature of the molten metal reaches 650 ° C. (Tp: pouring temperature in FIG. 1), the molten metal is supplied to the container. It was poured.
[0049]
After pouring the molten metal into the container in a state where the container was previously subjected to the electromagnetic field stirring motion, when the temperature of the molten metal reached the vicinity of the liquidus line (point a in FIG. 1), the EMS was activated. Was canceled. That is, the EMS was operated only in the section p in FIG. After stopping the operation of the EMS, the molten metal is cooled at a cooling rate of 1 ° C./sec to a temperature at which the solid fraction becomes 0.6 (point b in FIG. 1, the temperature at this time is about 586 ° C.). A metal slurry was obtained. It took about 40 seconds from the time the molten metal was poured into the container to reach a solid fraction of 0.6.
[0050]
Thereafter, a secondary forming process is performed. That is, after the point b in FIG. 1, a secondary forming step such as die casting, molten metal forging, forging or press working is performed.
[0051]
In order to observe the metal structure of the metal material manufactured by the method of Example 1, a specimen was obtained by the following method. First, a billet was manufactured by rapidly cooling a metal slurry. A billet is cut using a band saw to obtain a cut piece, and then polished and polished to a Keller solution (20 ml of H). 2 O + 20 ml HCl + 20 ml HNO 3 After etching using +5 ml of HF, it was used as a sample for image analysis, and a metal structure was observed using an image analyzer (LEIC ADMR). The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, according to the first embodiment, it is possible to obtain a metal material having a uniform and fine spherical particle structure over the surface portion and the central portion.
[0052]
<Example 2-5>
This is carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the temperature of the solution metal at the time of pouring into the container is 720 ° C. (Example 2), 700 ° C. (Example 3), 650 ° C. (Example 4) and 620 ° C. (Example 5) When the solid phase ratio of the molten metal reached 0.05 (immediately above the liquidus temperature), the operation of the EMS was stopped and cooled to a solid phase ratio of 0.6. Manufactured. It took less than one minute to complete the process. After producing a specimen from the billet obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, the metal structure was observed. FIGS. 3 to 6 show image analysis photographs of the test pieces obtained in Examples 2 to 5, respectively.
[0053]
As shown in FIG. 3 to FIG. 6, even when the molten metal pouring temperature is changed within a temperature range of 720 ° C. to 620 ° C., a fine and uniform alloy (the average particle size of the spherical particles is 30 μm or more and 60 μm or less). Therefore, according to Examples 2 to 5, a spheroidized tissue can be obtained even in a short time of less than 1 minute. This is because the interval between the initial crystals is remarkably reduced due to the remarkable increase in the nucleation density, so that the shape of the structure can be kept constant even with cooling faster than the conventional method.
[0054]
<Example 6-9>
The method is performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the cooling rate when cooling the molten metal after the application of the electromagnetic field is terminated is 0.2 ° C./sec (Example 6) and 0.4 ° C./sec, respectively. Example 7) A metal slurry was obtained at 0.6 ° C./sec (Example 8) and 2.0 ° C./sec (Example 9), and then rapidly cooled to produce a billet. After producing test pieces for these billets in the same manner as in Example 1, the metal structure was observed. The results are shown in FIGS.
[0055]
As shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, even when the cooling rate of the molten metal is varied in the course of cooling, the metal structure obtained is spherical. Further, the particles of the metal structure are fine with an average particle size of 10 to 60 μm, and the distribution of the spherical particles is uniform.
[0056]
<Example 10-13>
The method was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the temperature at the end of cooling was changed in cooling the molten metal after the application of the electromagnetic field was completed. The temperatures of the molten metal at the end of the cooling are 610 ° C. (Example 10: solid phase ratio is about 0.2), 600 ° C. (Example 11), 590 ° C. (Example 12), 586 ° C. (Example 13). : The solid phase ratio was about 0.6). A test piece was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the metal structure of the test piece was observed. The results are shown in FIGS.
[0057]
As can be seen from the photographs of the metal structures shown in FIGS. 11 to 14, the metal structure of the alloy obtained even after the electromagnetic field stirring is completed and the cooling end time is varied in the cooling stage of the molten metal is varied. And the distribution of the spherical particles is uniform. That is, according to these Examples 10 to 13, when the molten metal is poured into the container in a state where the electromagnetic field agitation is previously applied to the container and the electromagnetic field agitation is completed near the liquidus line, the cooling end point is determined. Even if it is changed, there is almost no difference in the metal structure of the obtained alloy.
[0058]
<Example 14>
It is carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the molten metal is cooled at a cooling rate of 1.5 ° C./sec until the solidification rate reaches 0.6 after the pouring temperature is set to 650 ° C. and the application of the electromagnetic field is completed. did. The time required to reach the solid fraction of 0.6 after pouring the molten metal was 35 seconds. A specimen was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, and the metal structure of the surface and the center of the specimen was observed. The results are shown in FIGS.
[0059]
<Example 15>
The same method as in Example 1 is used, except that the temperature of the molten metal poured into the container is set at 700 ° C., and the application of the electromagnetic field is terminated, and then cooling is performed at 1.5 ° C./sec until the solid fraction becomes 0.6. The molten metal was cooled at a rate. The time required to reach the solid fraction of 0.6 after pouring of the molten metal was 40 seconds. Specimens were manufactured in the same manner as described in Example 1, and the metal structures on the surface and center of the specimen were observed. The results are shown in FIG. 17 and FIG.
[0060]
<Comparative Example 1>
For comparison, the same procedure as in Example 14 was carried out, but after pouring the molten metal into the container, the EMS was operated for about 10 seconds immediately below the liquidus temperature, and melted at a rate of 0.8 ° C./sec. Cooling was performed until the solid phase ratio of the metal reached about 0.6. The time required to reach the solid fraction of 0.6 after pouring the molten metal was 75 seconds. A test piece was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 and the metal structure was observed. The results are shown in FIGS. 19 and 20.
[0061]
<Comparative Example 2>
For comparison, the same method as in Example 15 was used, but after pouring the molten metal into the container, the EMS was operated for about 10 seconds immediately below the liquidus temperature, and melted at a rate of 1.0 ° C./sec. Cooling was performed until the solid phase ratio of the metal reached about 0.6. The time required to reach the solid fraction of 0.6 after pouring the molten metal was 85 seconds. A specimen was manufactured by the same method as in Example 1 and the metal structure was observed. The results are shown in FIGS. 21 and 22.
[0062]
Comparing the results of Examples 14 and 15 with the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, the metal materials obtained in Examples 14 and 15 show that the metal particle structure in the surface portion and the central portion is uniformly spherical. The average particle size of the metal particles was also uniform and fine over the surface portion and the central portion, while the temperature of the molten metal was reduced to below the liquidus after pouring the molten metal into the container by the conventional method in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. When an electromagnetic field stirring force is applied, the central part shows a spherical particle structure and the surface part shows a dendritic structure, so that the metal structure between the surface part and the central part of the metal material is not uniform. Further, the production time of the metal material for semi-solidification or semi-solid molding is greatly reduced. This is because, by increasing the initial crystal nucleus generation density of the molten metal in the container, a predetermined solid phase ratio can be reached even during a short time crystal nucleus growth.
[0063]
As can be seen from the above-mentioned Examples and Comparative Examples, the molten metal pouring temperature can be raised to about 100 ° C. higher than the liquidus line, and a fine alloy can be produced through a short electromagnetic field stirring. Alternatively, the time required for producing a billet-shaped metal material for semi-solidification or semi-molten molding can be greatly reduced, and the metal structure of the obtained alloy shows the form of finely divided spherical particles.
[0064]
In each of the above embodiments, the case where a commercial A356 alloy is manufactured into a metal material for semi-solidification or semi-solid molding has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to the manufacture of the A356 alloy, and other various metals or alloys, For example, the present invention can be generally applied to the production of aluminum or an alloy thereof, magnesium or an alloy thereof, zinc or an alloy thereof, copper or an alloy thereof, or iron or an alloy thereof.
[0065]
【The invention's effect】
According to the method for producing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state of the present invention, the entire region extending from the peripheral portion to the central portion, the upper portion, and the lower portion of the molten metal in the container without generating latent heat of solidification due to the formation of the initial solidified layer is liquid phase. By quenching immediately below the linear temperature, the nucleation density can be significantly increased to achieve spheroidization of the particles, and a uniform and fine distribution of spherical particles can be realized as a whole, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the alloy. it can.
[0066]
In addition, the manufacturing process is simple, the control of the process is easy, and the stirring time of the electromagnetic field can be greatly reduced, so that the energy required for stirring is less consumed, and the molding time of the product is shortened, which is economically equivalent. There are significant advantages.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing a method for producing a solid-liquid coexisting metallic material according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 3 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a temperature of pouring a molten metal into a container in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a temperature of pouring a molten metal into a container in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a temperature of pouring a molten metal into a container in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a temperature of pouring molten metal into a container in the method for manufacturing a metal material in the solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 7 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a cooling rate of a molten metal in the method for manufacturing a metal material in the solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 8 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a cooling rate of a molten metal in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 9 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a cooling rate of a molten metal in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 10 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a cooling rate of a molten metal in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 11 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a cooling end point of a molten metal in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 12 is a photograph showing the structure of a metal material manufactured by changing the end point of cooling of a molten metal in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 13 is a photograph showing a structure of a metal material manufactured by changing a cooling end point of a molten metal in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 14 is a photograph showing the structure of a metal material manufactured by changing the end point of cooling of a molten metal in the method for manufacturing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
FIG. 15 is a photograph showing a structure of a surface portion of a metal material manufactured according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a photograph showing a structure of a central portion of the metal material.
FIG. 17 is a photograph showing a structure of a surface portion of a metal material manufactured according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a photograph showing a structure of a central part of the metal material.
FIG. 19 is a photograph showing a structure of a surface portion of a metal material manufactured by a conventional semi-solid molding method.
FIG. 20 is a photograph showing a structure of a central portion of the above metal material.
FIG. 21 is a photograph showing a structure of a surface portion of a metal material manufactured by another conventional semi-solid molding method.
FIG. 22 is a photograph showing a structure of a central portion of the above metal material.
Claims (13)
この印加工程にて前記容器に前記電磁気場が印加されている状態で溶融金属を前記容器に注湯する注湯工程と、
前記溶融金属が注湯された前記容器に対する電磁気場の印加を終了する終了工程と、
電磁気場の印加が終了された前記溶融金属を冷却して固液共存状態の金属材料を形成する冷却工程と
を具備したことを特徴とした固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。An application step of applying an electromagnetic field to the container,
A pouring step of pouring molten metal into the container in a state where the electromagnetic field is applied to the container in the applying step,
An ending step of ending the application of the electromagnetic field to the container into which the molten metal has been poured,
Cooling the molten metal to which the application of the electromagnetic field has been completed to form a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state.
ことを特徴とした請求項1記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。2. The solid-liquid coexisting metallic material according to claim 1, wherein in the termination step, the application of the electromagnetic field by the application step is terminated when the solid phase ratio of the molten metal becomes 0.001 or more and 0.1 or less. Manufacturing method.
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし3いずれか記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。The solid-liquid coexistence according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the pouring step, the temperature at the time of pouring the molten metal is higher than the liquidus temperature of the molten metal and lower than the liquidus line + 100 ° C. Manufacturing method of state metallic material.
ことを特徴とした請求項1ないし4いずれか記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。5. The method for producing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state according to claim 1, further comprising a secondary forming step of performing a secondary forming of the metal material in a solid-liquid coexisting state.
ことを特徴とする請求項5記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。The method for producing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state according to claim 5, wherein the secondary forming step is any one of die casting, molten metal forging, forging, and pressing.
ことを特徴とする請求項5または6記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。The method for producing a solid-liquid coexisting metal material according to claim 5 or 6, further comprising a reheating step of reheating the billet-shaped metal material to a solid-liquid coexistence state for secondary molding.
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし7いずれか記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。The method for producing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in the cooling step, the molten metal is cooled until the solid phase ratio of the molten metal becomes 0.1 or more and 0.7 or less.
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし8いずれか記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。The method for producing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cooling step cools the molten metal at a rate of 0.2 ° C / sec or more and 5 ° C / sec or less.
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし8いずれか記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cooling step cools the molten metal at a rate of 0.2 ° C./sec or more and 2 ° C./sec or less.
ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし10いずれか記載の固液共存状態金属材料の製造方法。The solid-liquid coexistence according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the molten metal is any one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, magnesium, magnesium alloy, zinc, zinc alloy, copper, copper alloy, iron and iron alloy. Manufacturing method of state metallic material.
ことを特徴とした固液共存状態金属材料。The metal material produced by the method for producing a metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state according to any one of claims 3 to 11, wherein the distribution of crystal nucleus particles is uniform, the particle structure is spherical, and one of a metal slurry and a billet. A solid-liquid coexisting metal material characterized by the following.
ことを特徴とした請求項12記載の固液共存状態金属材料。13. The metal material in a solid-liquid coexistence state according to claim 12, wherein the average particle diameter of the particles is 10 μm or more and 60 μm or less.
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JP2008540129A (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2008-11-20 | スターリング エフゲニー | How to form a sea cucumber and a sea cucumber |
JP4856093B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2012-01-18 | マグヌス・ヴェッセン | Method and apparatus for producing liquid-solid metal composition |
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KR101137258B1 (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2012-04-23 | 주식회사 큐빅스 | Semi-solid controll type extroder |
KR101272491B1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2013-06-07 | 경상대학교산학협력단 | Cooling rate control die-casting device and method |
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JP4856093B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2012-01-18 | マグヌス・ヴェッセン | Method and apparatus for producing liquid-solid metal composition |
JP2008540129A (en) * | 2005-05-04 | 2008-11-20 | スターリング エフゲニー | How to form a sea cucumber and a sea cucumber |
US8459330B2 (en) | 2005-05-04 | 2013-06-11 | Evgenij Sterling | Method for the production of pigs, and pigs |
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