JP2002307188A - Zn−Al系はんだを用いた製品 - Google Patents
Zn−Al系はんだを用いた製品Info
- Publication number
- JP2002307188A JP2002307188A JP2001112157A JP2001112157A JP2002307188A JP 2002307188 A JP2002307188 A JP 2002307188A JP 2001112157 A JP2001112157 A JP 2001112157A JP 2001112157 A JP2001112157 A JP 2001112157A JP 2002307188 A JP2002307188 A JP 2002307188A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- solder
- ball
- balls
- product
- foil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L24/00—Arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies; Methods or apparatus related thereto
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- H01L24/26—Layer connectors, e.g. plate connectors, solder or adhesive layers; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L24/27—Manufacturing methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0004—Resistance soldering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/282—Zn as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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- C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
いるZn-Al系はんだで、温度階層接続が可能な高融点は
んだ範囲にあるが、の改良、改質により実現することに
ある。 【解決手段】本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、圧
延が可能で、粒界腐食を防止できるZn-Al-Mg-Ge系はん
だの第一のボールと、柔らかい純Alはんだボールの第二
のボール、更には低ヤング率化のためのゴムボール、も
しくは低熱膨張係数の小さいボールを加えても良い。こ
れらのボール等を分散混入して、型に入れて真空吸引
し、全体を均一に圧縮し、Zn-Al-Mg-Ge 系はんだボール
をAlボール間に塑性流動させ、隙間を充填した複合成型
体を得る。この複合成型体をダイボンド用箔に圧延して
作製する。空隙は真空圧縮で埋まっているので、ボイド
は少ない理想的な接続ができる。
Description
対する高温側の温度階層可能なPbフリーはんだで、か
つ、圧延加工性に優れる耐熱疲労性はんだ及びそれを用
いた製品に関する。
だとしてPbリッチのPb-5Sn(融点:314〜310℃)、Pb-10S
n(融点:302〜275℃)等を330℃近傍の温度ではんだ付け
し、その後、このはんだ付け部を溶かさないで、低温系
はんだのSn-37Pb共晶(融点:183℃)で接続する温度階層
接続が可能であった。これらのはんだは、柔軟で変形性
に富み、このため破壊し易いSiチップ等を熱膨張係数の
異なる基板に接合したり、構造用にも使用することがで
きた。このような温度階層接続は、チップをダイボンド
するタイプの半導体装置や、チップをフリップチップ接
続するBGA,CSPなどの半導体装置などに主に適用
されている。即ち、半導体装置内部で使用するはんだ
と、半導体装置自身を基板に接続するはんだとは温度階
層接続されていることを意味する。他方、パワーモジュ
ール等の高温で使用される接続等にも使用されている。
おいて鉛フリー化が進んでいる。
点:221℃)、Sn-Ag-Cu共晶系(融点:221〜217℃)、Sn-C
u共晶系(融点:227℃)になるが、表面実装におけるはん
だ付け温度は部品の耐熱性から低いことが望ましいが、
信頼性確保のためぬれ性を確保する必要性から、均熱制
御に優れた炉を用いても、基板内の温度ばらつきを考慮
すると、一番低い温度で接続可能なはんだはSn-Ag-Cu共
晶系で、はんだ付け温度はmax235〜250℃くらいが実情
である。従って、このはんだ付け温度に耐えられるはん
だとしては、融点が少なくても260℃以上である必要が
ある。現状で、これらのはんだと組合せて使用できる高
温側の温度階層用の柔軟なPbフリーはんだはない。最も
可能性のある組成として、Sn-5Sb(融点:240〜232℃)は
あるが、溶けてしまうので温度階層用にはならない。
点:280℃)は知られているが、硬く、コスト高のために
使用が狭い範囲に限定される。特に、熱膨張係数の異な
る材料へのSiチップの接続、大型チップの接続では、Au
-20Snはんだは硬いため、Siチップを破壊させる可能性
が高いため使用されていない。
ンド、パワーモジュール接合に適した材料系、方式、構
造の提案であり、大面積故に、はんだで変形してくれる
柔らかく、耐熱疲労性を有し、ボイドレス化が要求され
ている。更に、これらの接続にフラックスレス接続が可
能であることも要求されている。
知られているが課題の多いために注目されていないZn-A
l系はんだに注目し、改良、改質を行うことで新規なは
んだとして提供することにある。本はんだは電子機器分
野だけでなく、一般の構造用分野も対象とする。
成するために、特許請求の範囲の通りに構成したもので
ある。
接続した高温側のはんだは、一部が、再溶融しても、他
の残りの部分が溶融しなければ、後付けのはんだ接続時
のプロセスに耐えられるのが大部分と考えられる。即
ち、260℃のリフロー条件に耐えられる接続強度を有す
ることが必要条件である。そこで、我々は、高温系の有
力なはんだとし、低コストのZn-Al系はんだに注目し、
この短所の改良、改質を検討した。高温系はんだとして
は、パワーモジュールに使用されるものの中には250℃
以上の融点を有し、かつ、一部でも溶けないことを要求
する厳しい製品分野もある。このため、260℃以上でも
溶けない系、及び、一部が溶けても260℃以上でも強度
を有するもの等の仕様に対するはんだを用意した。
課題をクリアする必要がある。Zn-5Al共晶はんだの融点
が382℃と高いため、特に300℃近くの比較的低温でのは
んだ付けは難しく、この場合は、一部が溶けても260℃
以上で強度を確保する組成となる。以下、要求される主
要な課題を取り上げ、解決手段を示す。
レベルに下げること。次に、(2)箔として使う場合が
多いので、圧延加工が可能であること。更に、異種材料
の接合が多いので温度サイクル試験等で(3)耐熱疲労
性があると同時に、(4)はんだ自体が柔軟性を有する
こと。(5)箔の状態でボイドがないこと。(6)耐酸
化防止(N2中ではんだ付け)が可能であること。(7)耐
食性に優れること。これらの条件をクリアすることが温
度階層接続に求められている必要条件である。
00℃レベルに下げて、かつ、(2)の圧延性にも優れる
組成を検討した。Zn-5Alは382℃の共晶はんだである
が、融点が高すぎ、酸化の問題がある。即ち、Zn-Al系
はんだにMgとGeを同時に加えることで、融点をある程度
に下げられ、かつ、圧延性を確保し、耐酸化性を向上さ
せることができる。Mgは粒界腐食防止に効果があり、融
点を下げるが、余り入れ過ぎると脆くなる。Zn-5Al-Mg
では圧延加工はできない。Zn-5Al-MgにGeを入れること
で圧延加工が可能になることが分かった。即ち、圧延加
工にはGeは必要な元素である。Zn-5Al-Geだけでは加工
性は良いが、融点は余り下がらず、粒界腐食の課題があ
る。従って、MgとGeを同時に入れることが重要である。
これでも融点は余り下がらないので、更にSn、In、Gaを
入れることで、液相線温度は余り下がらないが、はんだ
付け温度は下がり、330℃近くでのはんだ付けが可能に
なる。Sn、Inを多く入れることで、よりはんだ付け性は
良くなる。但し、Snを多く入れた場合、Sn-Znの低温の
固相線(約197℃)が現れる。また、Inの場合も同様、In-
Znの低温の固相線(約144℃)が現れる。しかし、一部が
溶けても高温で強度を保持できれば問題にならない場合
が多い。従って、低温の比較的柔らかい相を分散させる
ことにより、限りなく300℃近くで接続できて、高温で
の(通常はSn-3Ag-0.5Cuの場合、リフロー温度:max250
℃)強度を確保することが可能である。
んだ自体が柔軟性であることは同時に達成されることが
多い。即ち、Zn-Al-Mg-Geだけでは強度が高く剛性が大
で、加工性はあっても、硬くはんだ自体の変形性に乏し
いので、大きなSiチップなどはチップ破壊を起こす恐れ
がある。そこで、柔らかいIn、Snを多くいれて変形性を
向上させたり、融点が高く柔らかい純Alの粒子を分散さ
せて、全体を柔らかくして、継手に作用する応力を低減
させることで耐熱疲労性を向上させることができる。Al
をはんだ中に分散させるには全て粒子状にして、混合し
て分散させ、不活性雰囲気、もしくは還元性雰囲気の静
圧下で成形、焼結させて、更に、圧延して箔をつくる。
Zn-Al-Mg-GeボールとAlボールを室温で不活性雰囲気中
で混合した後、静圧下で高温で成形すると、Alが「島」
で、融点の低いZn-Al-Mg-Geが柔らかくなり、「海」の構
造になる。接合に関係するZn-Al-Mg-Geが「海」である必
要がある。柔らかいAlがはんだの中で均一に分散するこ
とで熱衝撃を緩和させたり、作用する応力を低減させる
ことで耐熱疲労性を向上させることができる。なお、Al
表面にNi/Auめっき(Niは0.1〜0.5μm、Au:0.1μmと薄く
して、Niがはんだに食われても良い。Niの皮膜が厚いと
Alの変形機能を損ねる)、Agめっき等を薄く施すことでZ
n-Al-Mg-Geはんだとの接合を強くすることができる。
を施した微細プラスチックボールを分散させる方法があ
る。また、はんだにぬれるメタライズを施した、もしく
はその上にSn系はんだめっきを施した低熱膨張ボール等
を分散混入することで、低応力化により耐熱疲労性を向
上させることも可能である。なお、(5)箔の状態でボ
イドをなくすには真空で焼結すると効果がある。真空で
処理しなくても、3%以下のボイド率に抑えることができ
る。(6)耐酸化防止については、Zn-Al-Mg-Ge系はN2
雰囲気でダイボンドにより、接続することができる。ま
た、(7)耐食性については同系であれば、厳しい高温
高湿試験条件(85℃,85%RH,1000h)をクリアする。
て説明する。
を検討したが圧延できなかった。また、Zn-4AlにMgを入
れても圧延できないことが分かった。しかし、この系に
Geをある程度入れることで、圧延が可能になることが分
かった。そこで、圧延可能な代表組成として、Zn-4Al-3
Mg-4Geの応用を検討した。260℃以上での高温での高信
頼性が要求されるパワーモジュール等を対象とするはん
だ材として、Zn-4Al-3Mg-4GeボールとAlボールとを混合
して作製した圧延箔を検討した。図1はZn-4Al-3Mg-4Ge
(融点:342〜375℃、硬さHv106)ボールと純Al(99.99%,
硬さHv17)で作る複合体金属の製作工程の概略を示し、
(a)は真空ホットプレスのカーボン治具1中にAlボール
2とZn-4Al-3Mg-4Ge ボール3を入れた状態で、(b)は真
空ホットプレス後のはんだが塑性流動した後の複合体金
属塊の断面形状モデルで、Zn-4Al-3Mg-4GeボールはZn-4
Al-3Mg-4Geの「海」4に変形する。(c)は複合ボール塊
を更にロール5で圧延し、はんだ箔を作製しているモデ
ルである。なお、MgのないZn-6Al-5Ge、Zn-20Al-3.5Ge
についても同様に圧延可能である。この系の圧延性はMg
入りよりも優れる長所があるので、Alを多く含んだ系で
も圧延が可能である。
μmのAlボールとを体積比でZn-4Al-3Mg-4Ge ボールは約
60vol%になるように配合した。Alボールに対しては更に
微細粒を入れて、最密充填配合することによりAlボール
の充填率を上げることは可能である。なお、Alボールは
粒子径が大きいと、継手のフィレット表面の凹凸が目立
つので、望ましくはAl粒径として5μm前後が望まし
い。なお、最密充填ならば理論上Alの体積比率は約74%
になり、はんだは26%になる。これらのボールはAr雰囲
気中で混合され、カーボン治具でできた成形(3ton/cm2)
容器の中に入れる。真空引きした後、Ar雰囲気で200℃
以上(Zn-4Al-3Mg-4Geの融点は342〜375℃であるが、250
℃になると硬さがHv7程度になる)で時間をかけて周囲か
ら均一に圧力をかけていくと、Zn-4Al-3Mg-4Ge が主に
塑性変形しながらAlボール間の隙間を埋めていく。この
ホットプレスで作った複合はんだ塊は、150μm厚さのは
んだ箔作製を目的としているので、それに近い薄い形状
の型に予めしておくことが圧延率を下げられることから
望ましい。
出する場合、Al表面もしくは箔表面にNi/Snめっき、も
しくはSnめっきを施すことで、露出部の酸化を防止する
ことも可能である。
Mg-4Ge ボール3以外に更に低ヤング率化するため、軟
らかい弾性体であるメタライズした(無電解Niめっき-Au
めっき、Auめっき、もしくは無電解Niめっき-はんだめ
っき)プラスチックボール(ゴム)6を分散させた状態の
圧延前(a)、と圧延後(b)を示す。なお、プラスチックボ
ールのめっき膜は変形に対応できる柔らかいAu、Ag、Al
等が望ましく、めっき膜が高温時に破壊しても該プラス
チックボールがはんだ内部に入っている限り、ゴムとし
ての機能を果たすことができる。樹脂ボール径は理想的
には10μm以下、望ましくは1μmレベルが望ましい。配
合量としては体積で数%でも効果がある。
雰囲気ではAlに対してはぬれるので、Al表面へのメタラ
イズは特に必要としない。しかし、より接合強度を確保
するにはNi/Auめっき、もしくはNi/Snめっき等を施すこ
とは効果がある。また、Al表面にスパッター等で薄くAu
もしくはAg等を被覆しても良い。Zn-4Al-3Mg-4Ge は低
温では硬いので、Alは球状であることが接触摩擦等によ
るエネルギー損出もスムーズで衝撃、振動に対して、減
衰性が増して好ましい。Al粒子は窒素中でアトマイズ法
などで低コストで多量に製造することが可能である。Al
ボールの代替として、融点が高く比較的柔らかいCu、A
g、Auボールの場合も同様に可能である。
わせとして、Zn-Al-Mg-Ga(例;Zn-4Al-3Mg-3Ga)、Zn-Al
-Ge(例;Zn-6Al-5Ge,Zn-20Al-3Ge)、Zn-Al-Ge-Ga(例;Z
n-6Al-5Ge-3Ga)、Zn-Al-Mg-Ge(例;Zn-4Al-3Mg-4Ge)、Z
n-Al-Mg-Ge-Ga(例;Zn-4Al-1Mg-2Ge-3Ga)、更にはこれ
らにSn、In、Ag、Cu、Au、Ni、Pd等のいずれか一つ以上
を含有したものがある。Zn-Al系は酸化が激しいこと、
はんだの剛性が高いこと等のため、Siを接合した場合Si
チップに割れを起こす恐れが指摘されている(清水他:
「タ゛イアタッチ向けPbフリーはんだ用Zn-Al-Mg-Ga合金」Mate9
9,1999-2)。
だの剛性を下げるために、Ni-Snめっき、もしくはAuめ
っきした耐熱性のプラスチックボールをこれらのZn-Al
系ボールの中に均一に分散させて、ヤング率の低減を図
った。圧延性と粒界腐食を考慮すると、はんだボールと
してMg、Ge系のZn-Al-Mg-Ge、Zn-Al-Mg-Ge-Ga系に絞ら
れてくる。この分散粒子はこのZn-Al系ボールに比べ、
小さく均一に分散させることが望ましい。変形時に柔ら
かい弾性を有する1μmレベルのプラスチックボールが変
形することにより、熱衝撃緩和、機械的衝撃緩和の効果
は大である。Zn-Al系はんだボールのなかにゴムが分散
されて、ヤング率を低減させる。Zn-Al系はんだのボー
ル間にプラスチックボールがほぼ均一に入るので、短時
間の溶融ではこの分散は大きくくずれない。
い形状の容器に入れ、真空中でホットプレスで成型す
る。成型時にSnめっきしたプラスチックボール上のめっ
きが溶けない温度(Snの融点:232℃)で均等に圧縮さ
せ、塑性流動させる。220℃レベルならばZn-Al系ボール
はHv8と柔らかくなるので、容易に変形する。均一な圧
縮により空間をプラスチックボール、はんだ等で均一に
充填した塊を約150μmに圧延し、複合はんだ箔を作製す
る。ダイボンドで使用するときは、ロールに巻いて連続
工程で供給することができる。
時のことも考慮すると、表面にSnめっきを施すことが望
ましい。このSnはダイボンド時にZn-Al系はんだに溶解
する。Snが表面に存在することで、例えば、Cuステム上
のNi-Auめっき上への接続が容易である。Siチップ側も
例えば、Cr-Ni-Agメタライズに対しても同様に容易に接
合できる。
ールもしくはInボールを10〜30%混入することでZn-Al系
はんだ間にSnもしくはIn層が入り込み、一部はZn-Al系
ボール同志が接合されるが、他の部分は主に低温の柔
らかいSn-Zn、In-Zn相等の析出、溶解しないSn、Inの存
在で、変形はこのSn、In、Sn-Zn、In-Zn相とプラスチッ
クボールのゴムが分担する。ダイボンド後も一部Sn、In
層の存在により、変形をSn、Inが吸収することができ
る。また、プラスチックボールもSn、In層との複合作用
により、更に剛性を緩和することが期待できる。なお、
この場合も、Zn-Al系はんだの固相線温度は280℃以上を
確保しているので、高温での強度上の問題はない。但
し、この系は比較的低温での階層接続用であり、リフロ
ー時にはSn、In、Sn-Zn、In-Zn相は再溶融する。
たダイボンドプロセスの一例を示す。例えば、Zn-4Al-2
Mg-3Ge-1Ag-10Sn、Alボール、若干のSnボール、はんだ
めっきプラスチックボールを混合して作製した箔を、Sn
(0.5μm)めっきを施し、Ni(3μm)-Au(0.1μm)を施したC
uステム13上に載せ、Cr-Ni-Ag38を施したSiチップを真
空吸引9させ、パルス電流の抵抗加熱体ツール7に□5mm
のSiチップ8を吸着させ、□4mm×t0.15の該はんだ箔11
を加圧(初期に2kgf)すると同時に、max 400℃で、10
秒間保持した。温度測定用熱電対16はツールのチップが
接触する近くに埋め込んである。その間、はんだ箔は温
度が上昇し、融点に達するとすると瞬時に溶けるので、
はんだのつぶれ防止のため、ツールははんだ箔を加圧し
た時の位置から、20μm下がった位置で保持された状態
で加熱される仕組みになっている。基板側のステムの予
熱15は約200℃で、ステム上のはんだ箔の酸化を防止す
るため、局所的に周囲から窒素10を吹き付ける機構とし
た。また、Siチップを吸着9するツール周囲にも窒素10
がでて、常に接合部が50〜100ppmレベルの酸素純度に保
たれる工夫をした。なお、この箔を用いて、水素炉もし
くは不活性雰囲気炉でmax380℃前後でパワーモジュール
等をリフロー接続することが可能である。
の断面である。Cuステム上のメタライズ膜として、Ni-A
u以外にNi-Ag、Agめっき等がある。Siチップ側のメタラ
イズ膜として、Cr-Ni-Au、Ni-Au、Ni-Ag、Ni-Sn等が可
能である。
きを施すと、Zn-Al-Mg-Ge系はんだの液相線温度以上に
温度を上げることで、SnもしくはInは容易にぬれ拡がり
Zn-Al-Mg-Ge系はんだに溶解する仕組みである。Snもし
くはInは多いとZn-Al-Mg-Geの中には固溶できず、粒界
に低温のSn-Zn相、もしくはIn-Zn相を析出してくる。意
図的にSnもしくはIn相を多数分散析出させることで、変
形はSn-Zn相、In-Zn相で接合強度はZn-Al系の固相で分
担させることができる。従って、Zn-Al-Mg-Ge系はんだ
ボールにSnもしくはInめっきを施し、Zn-Al-Mg-Geボー
ルに固溶できないSnもしくはIn相を意図的に残すことに
より、変形をSnもしくはIn層で吸収させることで、はん
だの剛性を緩和させることもできる。
μmレベルのプラスチックボールを混ぜた状態で使用す
ることにより、耐衝撃性は向上し、ヤング率は低下す
る。このため、このはんだを用いた継手の耐熱疲労性は
向上する。なお、予め、はんだの中にSnを多く入れるの
ではなく、Zn-Al-Mg-Ge系はんだボールにSnもしくはIn
めっきをしたり、Sn、Inのボールを適正量分散混入させ
て、真空中でZn-Al-Mg-Geボール間に塑性流動させても
良い。Zn-Sn、Zn-Inの低温相よりもSn、Inの独立した系
の方が柔かいので変形に対して望ましい。
はリールに巻いて切断工程を含めて連続供給できる。温
度階層を必要とする部品の封止部、端子接続部に対し
て、該形状に合わせパンチング加工等で抜いて、基板も
しくは部品側に固定し接続部をパルス方式の加圧型ヒー
トツールで窒素雰囲気下でフラックスレスで接続するこ
とができる。予熱時の酸化防止、ぬれ性を確保するた
め、Snめっきされた箔が望ましい。
ないで、窒素雰囲気中でパルス加熱による抵抗加熱体で
チップ8と中継基板36の間に箔を載せ、ダイボンド39
後、Au線のワイヤボンド35で、チップ上の端子と中継基
板36上の端子とを繋ぎ、Ni-AuめっきしたAl等のフィン2
3と中継基板の間に箔を載せ、窒素雰囲気中で抵抗加熱
体でフラックスレス封止24を行ったBGA,CSPの断面であ
る。内部にR,Cのチップを搭載したモジュール実装に対
しても同様に応用が可能である。特に、高出力チップの
場合、Alを含んだ熱伝導性に優れる複合材であるので、
熱伝導性に優れる中継基板への熱伝導が可能である。モ
ジュール内部の小型チップ部品の実装はCu-Sn、Au-Sn等
の混合系高融点はんだペーストが可能である。
lボールで作った箔をパンチングで切り抜いたもの40
で、図5(b)右は窒素雰囲気中でパルス加熱による加圧
体41で箔40とAlフィン23を加熱するモデルの断面であ
る。なお、水素等の還元雰囲気炉でのフラックスレスの
リフロー接続も可能である。
り、Snめっき17は複合はんだ箔11の周囲を取り囲んでい
る。
を用いて、水素炉、還元雰囲気炉等でリフロー接続も可
能である。
高出力チップの樹脂パッケージへの適用例を示す。図6
(a)はリードフレーム18と熱拡散板19とを張り合わせて
かしめた平面図で、かしめ個所20は2個所である。図6
(b)はパッケージの断面図であり、図6(c)はその一部の
拡大である。3Wレベルの発熱チップ8からの熱ははんだ1
1を介してヘッダの熱拡散板(Cu系の低膨張複合材)19に
伝わる。
材は42Alloy系で、ダム切断後、リード切断成形前にSn
系はんだめっきが施される。Siチップ8の裏面の電極
は、Cr-Ni-Au、Cr-Ni-Ag、Ti-Ni-Ag、Ti-Ni-Au等の薄膜
もしくはNi-Agめっき等である。チップのダイボンドは
窒素を吹き付けて、パルスの抵抗加熱体で、初期加圧2k
gf、400℃で10秒間で行った。はんだ厚の制御は初期加
圧時の位置(150μm膜厚)から20μm下がったところでセ
ットし、一定はんだ厚を確保した。高出力チップのた
め、ボイド率低減が重要であり、目標の5%以下を達成
できた。該はんだはAlボールが入っているため、はんだ
が自由に動き回ることはなく、その点では構造的に、ボ
イドが発生し難くなっている。厳しい温度サイクルに対
しても、Alの柔軟性により良好な特性を示す。固相線温
度が300℃以上であることから、260℃の高温でも高信頼
性を確保できるはんだである。ダイボンド、ワイヤボン
ド35後、樹脂モールド21され、ダム切断され、リード18
にはSn-Bi系のPbフリーはんだが2〜8μm施される。更
に、リード切断成形され、不要な部分の熱拡散板を切断
して完成する。
適用した例である。Siチップ8裏面が42Alloyのタブ22上
に導電ペースト24で接着されている。素子はワイヤボン
ド35を通してリード18に繋がれ、樹脂21モールドされ
る。その後、リードにはPbフリー化に対応したSn-Bi系
のめっきが施される。従来はプリント基板実装に対し
て、融点;183℃のSn-37Pb共晶はんだが使用できたの
で、max220℃でリフロー接続ができた。Pbフリー化にな
るとSn-3Ag-0.5Cu(融点;217〜221℃)でリフロー接続を
行うことになるので、max240℃となり、最高温度が約20
℃高くなる。このため、Siチップ8と42Alloyのタブ22の
接続に、耐熱性の導電ペーストが使用されてきたが、高
温での接着力は低下するので、信頼性に影響することが
予想される。そこで、導電ペーストの代わりに該はんだ
箔11を使用することで、260℃の高温でも十分な強度を
確保できる。このプラスチックパッケージへの応用は、
Siチップとタブとを接続するパッケージ構造すべてに適
用できる。構造上、Gull Wingタイプ、Flatタイプ、J-L
eadタイプ、Butt-Leedタイプ。Leadlessタイプ等があ
る。
適用した例である。ダイオードのSiチップ8はΦ6.5mmレ
ベルの寸法を対象にする場合が多い。このため、従来は
軟らかいPbリッチ系高温系はんだが使われてきた。 そ
こで、ここでは圧延性に優れるZn-6Al-5GeボールとAlボ
ールを混合して作製した箔を使用する。5〜10μmのZn-5
Al-5Geボールと5〜10μmのAlボールを重量比で約1:1
に混合して、真空中もしくは還元雰囲気中で熱間ホット
プレスでZn-5Al-5Ge をAlボール間に塑性流動させ、更
に圧延してはんだ箔を作製する。この箔を必要な寸法に
切りだし、SiチップとNiめっきを施したMo板もしくはイ
ンバーとCuとの複合体でできた低熱膨張基板46との間、
該低熱膨張基板とNiめっき45されたCu板間49に、該はん
だ箔を搭載し、400℃の水素炉で一括してリフロー接続
した。この継手を温度サイクル試験、パワーサイクル試
験にかけても、これまでのPb入りはんだと同等な寿命を
有することを確認できた。
のゴムを分散させることで低ヤング率化により、より耐
熱衝撃性を向上させることができ、より大型Siチップ
の接合を可能にする。なお、パルス加熱方式のダイボン
ダーで窒素を吹き付け、max420℃、10秒間で加圧接合す
る方式でも可能である。また、パルス加熱方式で仮付け
し、その後、水素炉で一括してリフローする接続方式も
可能である。
チップ等の接続は困難であった。そこで柔らかいAlを混
合することで、見掛け上の剛性を下げることで、高信頼
性を可能にした。なお、該はんだを用いた接続は電子部
品実装に限定されるものではなく、構造部材の接続、封
止等に対しても低弾性、変形能に優れることから、高信
頼性が期待でき、応用が可能である。
前後の断面モデルの図
図
モデルの図
デルの図
Claims (18)
- 【請求項1】Al:3〜25%、Mg:0.5〜6%、Ge:1〜5%、残Zn
からなるはんだ及び該はんだを用いたことを特徴とする
製品。 - 【請求項2】Al:3〜7%、Mg:0.5〜6%、Ge:1〜5%、残Znか
らなるはんだ及び該はんだを用いたことを特徴とする製
品。 - 【請求項3】Al:3〜25%、Mg:0.5〜6%、Ge:1〜5%にIn、S
n 、Gaのいずれか一つ以上が30%以下で残Znからなるは
んだ及び該はんだを用いたことを特徴とする製品。 - 【請求項4】Al:3〜7%、Mg:0.5〜6%、Ge:1〜5%にIn、Sn
、Gaのいずれか一つ以上が30%以下で残Znからなるはん
だ及び該はんだを用いたことを特徴とする製品。 - 【請求項5】請求項1乃至請求項4において、Au、Cu、N
i、Ag、Pd、Biのいずれか一つ以上を含み、いずれも5%
以下であるはんだ及び該はんだを用いたことを特徴とす
る製品。 - 【請求項6】請求項1乃至請求項5において、該はんだ
表面をSn系はんだめっきで被覆したはんだ及び該はんだ
を用いたことを特徴とする製品。 - 【請求項7】請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれかのはんだ
組成のボールとAlボールとを混合して、均等圧がかけら
れる予め圧延し易い型に入れ、真空中、不活性雰囲気
中、還元雰囲気中のいずれかで、はんだを溶融もしくは
溶融させないで隙間のないように均等に圧入させて埋め
込んだ後、該複合体を圧延して作製したはんだ箔を用い
たことを特徴とする製品 - 【請求項8】Al:3〜25%、Mg:0.5〜6%、Ge:1〜5%、残Zn
からなるはんだとAlボールとを混合して、均等圧がかけ
られる予め圧延し易い型に入れ、真空中、不活性雰囲気
中、還元雰囲気中のいずれかで、はんだを溶融もしくは
溶融させないで隙間のないように均等に圧入させて埋め
込んだ後、該複合体を圧延して作製したはんだ箔を用い
たことを特徴とする製品 - 【請求項9】Al:3〜7%、Mg:0.5〜6%、Ge:1〜5%、残Znか
らなるはんだとAlボールとを混合して、均等圧がかけら
れる予め圧延し易い型に入れ、真空中、不活性雰囲気
中、還元雰囲気中のいずれかで、はんだを溶融もしくは
溶融させないで隙間のないように均等に圧入させて埋め
込んだ後、該複合体を圧延して作製したはんだ箔を用い
たことを特徴とする製品 - 【請求項10】Al:3〜25%、Mg:0.5〜6%、Ge:1〜5%にI
n、Sn 、Gaのいずれか一つ以上が30%以下で残Znからな
るはんだとAlボールとを混合して、均等圧がかけられる
予め圧延し易い型に入れ、真空中、不活性雰囲気中、還
元雰囲気中のいずれかで、はんだを溶融もしくは溶融さ
せないで隙間のないように均等に圧入させて埋め込んだ
後、該複合体を圧延して作製したはんだ箔を用いたこと
を特徴とする製品 - 【請求項11】Al:3〜7%、Mg:0.5〜6%、Ge:1〜5%にIn、
Sn 、Gaのいずれか一つ以上が30%以下で残Znからなるは
んだとAlボールとを混合して、均等圧がかけられる予め
圧延し易い型に入れ、真空中、不活性雰囲気中、還元雰
囲気中のいずれかで、はんだを溶融もしくは溶融させな
いで隙間のないように均等に圧入させて埋め込んだ後、
該複合体を圧延して作製したはんだ箔を用いたことを特
徴とする製品 - 【請求項12】請求項7乃至請求項11において、該Al
ボールが該はんだボールにぬれ易くするため、該Alボー
ル表面をNi、Ni-Au、Cu、Ag、Sn、Au等のめっき、もし
くはこれらの複合めっき、もしくはこれらに更にSn系の
めっき等のぬれるメタライズを施したボールで作製した
はんだ箔を用いたことを特徴とする製品 - 【請求項13】請求項1〜12において、該はんだの剛
性低減のため、表面にはんだがぬれるメタライズを施し
たプラスチックボールを均一分散させて作製したはんだ
箔を用いたことを特徴とする製品 - 【請求項14】請求項1〜13において、該Alボール以
外にSn、Inのいずれか一つ以上のボールを含有させて、
作製したはんだ箔を用いたことを特徴とする製品 - 【請求項15】請求項1〜14において、複合はんだの
熱膨張係数低減のため、これらのボールよりも低熱膨張
係数を有する粒子であり、表面にはんだをぬらすための
メタライズ、もしくはその上にSn、In等のはんだめっき
を施して、均一分散させて作製したはんだ箔を用いたこ
とを特徴とする製品 - 【請求項16】請求項15において、該低熱膨張係数を
有する粒子として、インバー系、シリカ、アルミナ、Al
N、SiC等であることを特徴とする製品 - 【請求項17】請求項13において、該プラスチックボ
ール素材として、ポリイミド系、耐熱エポキシ系、シリ
コーン系、各種ポリマービーズもしくはこれらを変成し
たもの、もしくはこれらを混合したものであることを特
徴とする製品 - 【請求項18】請求項1〜17において、帯、線、ボー
ル、ペースト、塊状にして、単発的、もしくは連続工程
として製造し、更に加工されて使用することを特徴とす
る製品
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JP2001112157A JP3800977B2 (ja) | 2001-04-11 | 2001-04-11 | Zn−Al系はんだを用いた製品 |
DE60210858T DE60210858T2 (de) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-02-26 | Elektronische Vorrichtung mit einem Al- oder Co-Teilchen enthaltenden Lot aus einer Zn-Al-Ge-Mg Legierung |
EP02004434A EP1250032B1 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-02-26 | Electronic device using Zn-Al-Ge-Mg alloy solder having Al or Cu particles |
US10/083,543 US6563225B2 (en) | 2001-04-11 | 2002-02-27 | Product using Zn-Al alloy solder |
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EP (1) | EP1250032B1 (ja) |
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DE (1) | DE60210858T2 (ja) |
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- 2002-02-26 DE DE60210858T patent/DE60210858T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-02-27 US US10/083,543 patent/US6563225B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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JP2014151364A (ja) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-25 | Toyota Industries Corp | はんだ及びダイボンド構造 |
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KR20170084287A (ko) | 2015-08-03 | 2017-07-19 | 후루카와 덴키 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 도전성 조성물 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1250032A1 (en) | 2002-10-16 |
US20020149114A1 (en) | 2002-10-17 |
DE60210858T2 (de) | 2007-05-24 |
DE60210858D1 (de) | 2006-06-01 |
JP3800977B2 (ja) | 2006-07-26 |
EP1250032B1 (en) | 2006-04-26 |
US6563225B2 (en) | 2003-05-13 |
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