JP2002265944A - Production method for soil conditioner, and mixed organic fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To treat so far discarded oyster shells to effectively utilize them as a new resource and to provide a soil conditioner capable of exterminating harmful bacteria causing plant diseases. SOLUTION: The production method for a soil conditioner essentially comprises (1) a fermentation step wherein easily decomposable organic substances and oyster shells are mixed and fermented in a fermentation tank 2 at 70 deg.C or higher under air supply, (2) a separation step wherein fermented oyster shells obtained from the fermentation product is separated with a sifter 3, and (3) a humidity-conditioning and aeration step wherein the fermented oyster shells separated in the separation step is conditioned to a humidity of 30-60% and aerated in an aeration tank 4 to deacetylate the chitin substance of the shells, thus giving a treated oyster shell material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for producing a soil conditioner using oyster shells as a raw material and a mixed organic fertilizer using the soil conditioner obtained by the process.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Recently, with the spread of organic farming methods, organic fertilizers have been commonly used. On the other hand, when organic fertilizers are heavily used in soil, harmful bacteria such as fusarium and bacillus easily grow. However, the cost and effort for its removal are problematic.

On the other hand, oyster husks produced by aquaculture or food processing have no suitable disposal method for disposal, and are a problem in terms of environmental conservation. In addition, oyster shells have been crushed,
The ashed ash has been used as a raw material for fertilizers, but they have low added value and have not been widely used, and their use has been insufficient.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and aims at effectively utilizing the oyster hulls, which have been discarded as described above, as new resources. In addition, the present invention provides a method for producing a soil conditioner and a mixed organic fertilizer that can control harmful plant diseases by using the oyster shell as a raw material.

The present inventors have focused on the antibacterial action of chitin contained in oyster hulls, which is thought to be effective in controlling harmful bacteria causing plant diseases, and conducted research aimed at the effective use of oyster husks. Was. And since the chitin contained in the oyster shell is insoluble in water, it is not possible to remove plant disease bacteria even if the ground powder is applied to the soil. The trace amount of insoluble chitin contained as a binding component has been solved by the fact that it is difficult to deacetylate and solubilize by a conventional chemical method using an acid alkali, and the present invention has been completed as follows. .

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above-mentioned problem is caused by mixing a readily decomposable organic substance and oyster hulls, and fermenting the mixture at a fermentation temperature of 70 ° C. or more under the supply of air. A step of separating the fermented oyster shell from the product, and adjusting the humidity of the fermented oyster shell separated in this separation step to a humidity of 40 to 60%,
The problem is solved by the method for producing a soil conditioner comprising a oyster hull-treated material of the present invention, which comprises a humidity conditioning and weathering step of deacetylating the chitin of the oyster hull by weathering to obtain a oyster hull-treated material. Can be. Further, the method for producing a soil conditioner comprising the oyster husk-treated material of the present invention can be preferably embodied in a form in which the weathering of the fermented oyster hull is promoted by spraying water with creatine in the humidity conditioning and weathering step. .

[0007] Further, the above-mentioned problem is caused by the mixed organic fertilizer of the present invention, which is characterized by comprising a mixture of the powder of the oyster husk-treated material produced by the method of the above-mentioned soil conditioner and an organic fertilizer such as compost. Can also be solved.

[0008]

Next, an embodiment of a method for producing a soil conditioner comprising a oyster shell-treated material of the present invention and a mixed organic fertilizer will be described. The method for producing a soil conditioner of the present invention mainly includes the following essential steps. (1) Fermentation process: Mix easily decomposable organic matter and oyster shell,
The fermentation treatment is performed at a fermentation temperature of 70 ° C. or more under supply of air. (2) Separation step: The fermented oyster shell is separated from the fermented product obtained in the fermentation step. (3) Humidity control weathering step: The fermented oyster shell separated in the separation step is conditioned at a humidity of 40 to 60% and weathered to deacetylate the chitin of the oyster shell to obtain a oyster shell material.

The easily decomposable organic substance used in the fermentation step (1) is a general term for organic substances which are easily decomposed by microorganisms such as food residue, garbage, sewage contamination, night soil sludge, fish iliac bone and the like. If oyster shells are mixed with these easily decomposable organic substances as they are and air is supplied, aerobic bacteria such as Bacillus and Azotobacter will rapidly propagate and decompose the easily decomposable organic substances. Shellfish and contaminants attached to the shell will also be degraded. In the present invention,
This phenomenon is called fermentation.

In the fermentation step (1), setting the fermentation temperature to 70 ° C. or higher is an important condition for deacetylating the chitin of the oyster shell. The number of bacteria contained in the fermented product is initially about 10 ⁴ to 10 ⁵ / g, but as the fermentation proceeds, the number of bacteria increases to 10 ⁹ to 10 ¹⁰ / g, and the fermented product generates heat and the temperature becomes lower. The temperature rises to 70 ° C or higher. in this case,
The temperature is adjusted by adjusting the amount of supplied air.
It is preferable to adjust the temperature to 70 ° C to 85 ° C.

[0011] This increase in temperature kills general bacteria, yeasts, molds, pathogenic bacteria, and the like that are vulnerable to high temperatures, and replaces them with thermophilic bacteria, thermophilic filamentous fungi, and thermophilic actinomycetes. At this time, the enzyme secreted by the thermophilic actinomycetes has an action of deacetylating chitin contained in the oyster shell, so that the oyster shell in the high-temperature fermented product is deacetylated. However, since the fermentation action is relatively weak, the hard oyster shell does not deacetylate enough to soften the tissue.

Then, the fermented product obtained by the high temperature fermentation is taken out,
In the separation step (2), the fermented oyster shell is separated from the fermented product by a sieve device or the like, and then taken out.
At room temperature for humidity control and weathering. At this time, various room-temperature bacteria proliferate using the fermentation metabolite permeated into the fermented oyster shell tissue as a nutrient source. In this step, the humidity of the fermented oyster shell is adjusted to a range of 30 to 60% in an atmosphere. , More preferably in an atmosphere in the range of 30 to 50%, and when exposed to a state in which air can flow, actinomycetes dominate and propagate. In this manner, the chitin of the fermented oyster shell can be further deacetylated by the enzyme secreted by the actinomycetes.

[0013] The deacetylated fermented oyster hull is characterized by the fact that the hard and firm husks of calcareous and chitinous hulls become brittle to pororo, and oyster hulls that are too hard to grind easily can The powder becomes soft but the tissue becomes soft.
By crushing the oyster shell-treated material thus obtained with a grinder, an oyster shell powder containing a chitinous deacetylated substance (chitosan and chitin oligosaccharide) can be easily obtained.

In the humidity control and weathering step (3),
Spraying creatine-added water and humidifying the fermented oyster hulls, creatine is a preferred nutrient for actinomycetes that want various amino acids as a nutrient source, and actinomycetes grow in large quantities. In particular, there are advantages that can be promoted.

When the thus-obtained oyster husk-treated material is used in cultivated soil as a powder having an appropriate particle size, soluble chitin acts as a soil conditioner to control harmful bacteria of plant diseases. You can do it. Furthermore, the mixed organic fertilizer of the present invention has the effect of controlling harmful bacteria of plant diseases by combining the powder of the oyster husk-treated material with an organic fertilizer such as compost and livestock manure to form a mixture thereof. It is suitably used as a mixed type organic fertilizer. In this case, the mixing ratio with respect to the organic fertilizer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of controlling harmful bacteria,
Usually, at most 15% is appropriate.

[0016]

(Embodiment 1) Next, the details of the present invention will be described based on Embodiment 1 with reference to FIG. 1, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment. First, in the mixer 1, as a readily decomposable organic substance, fish processing residue (a), a water conditioner containing aerobic bacteria (b), and a real oyster shell (c)
Are mixed at a ratio of about 1: 2: 1, and the mixture is fed to the fermenter 2 by the conveyor 11. In the fermenter 2, air is supplied from the blower 21 to the deposited mixture through the ventilation pipe 23 through the air control valve 22, and fermented. In this case, the fermentation product (d) is obtained by fermenting for about 10 days while generating fermentation heat of 70 ° C. or more under the measurement of the thermometer 24.

Next, the fermented product (d) is cut out by the scraper 25, transferred to the sieving device 3 by the conveyor 26, and the fermented oyster shell (e) is sieved from the fermented product (d) and taken out. It is received in the shell receiving tank 12.

Next, the fermented oyster shell (e) is sent to the weathering tank 4 by the conveyor 32, where it is deposited and weathered. Here, weathering refers to elapse of time so that a reaction of a predetermined microorganism proceeds while an object is maintained in an atmosphere having the following temperature and humidity. In this case, while controlling the watering so that the humidity in the space above the sedimentary layer of the fermented oyster grain (e) is in the range of 30 to 60% relative humidity under the measurement of the hygrometer 44, it is maintained for about 2 months, To process.

The sprinkling is performed by spraying water from a water tank 41 via a water supply pump 42 from a sprinkler 43. During this time, the sedimentary layer of the fermented oyster cereal (e) maintains an ordinary temperature of 35 ° C. or less, but if necessary, the ventilation fan 46 is operated under the measurement of the thermometer 45 to release air from the outside. Adjusting operation to supply or exhaust air to the outside. Thus, the fermented oyster cereal (e) is predominantly propagated by actinomycetes, and the enzymes secreted by the actinomycetes can promote the deacetylation of the chitin of the fermented oyster shell.

After the above-mentioned humidity conditioning and weathering process, the weathered product of the fermented oyster shell (e) is removed from the weathering tank 4 by the scraping machine 47.
Cut out as oyster shell processing material. 100 g of the thus-obtained oyster husk-treated material was diluted with 0.1% diluted hydrochloric acid aqueous solution 1
Extraction with liter, 10-fold reduction and chemical analysis revealed that it contained about 4% of chitosan component. In addition. The oyster shell-treated material is sent to the attritor 5 by the conveyor 48 and crushed into powder having an appropriate particle size, and can be used as a soil conditioner or as a component of the mixed organic fertilizer of the present invention. It is.

(Example 2) An aqueous solution obtained by adding creatine to supply water was used for the water spray in the weathering tank 4 of Example 1 so that the humidity was adjusted to 30 to 60%.
In this case, the number of actinomycetes proliferating on the fermented oyster shell (e) was 6 × 10 ⁵ cells / g when sprayed with water alone, but was 2 when sprayed with a 0.1% creatine aqueous solution.
× 10 ⁶ / g, multiplied by orders of magnitude, and the required time for weathering was reduced from 60 days to 40 days.

Example 3 In order to make the oyster husk-treated material deacetylated by the methods of Examples 2 and 3 easier to use, the material was finely pulverized with a grinding type pulverizer and sieved to a particle size of 1 mm or less. When the powder obtained was sprayed on the grass of a golf course infected with Rhizoctonia Brown batch disease, the initial batch size of 60 cm or more disappeared completely after one month. was there.

(Example 4) A mixed organic fertilizer obtained by mixing the powder of the oyster shell-treated material obtained by pulverization by the method of Example 3 with a commercially available poultry manure compost in an amount of 10% by weight was used. 1 kg per are on soil affected by wilt disease
When the eggplant was cultivated by fertilizing at the ratio of wilt, wilt disease did not appear. As a comparison, wilt disease occurred in a test plot where chicken manure compost containing no powder of the oyster shell-treated material was applied and a test plot where no fertilization was applied.

[0024]

The method for producing the soil conditioner of the present invention is constructed as described above, and thus has no suitable method of use. By mixing with easily available easily decomposable substances such as fish cake, and subjecting it to fermentation and weathering, the desired soil conditioner can be mass-produced at low cost. There is an excellent effect that it can be achieved.

When the powder of the soil conditioner of the present invention is directly fertilized on soil or used as a mixed organic fertilizer of the present invention comprising the powder and an organic fertilizer, a soluble chitosan component is contained in the plant. The effect of preventing disease is extremely large, and the effect of contributing to the improvement of agricultural productivity is great. Therefore, the present invention has an extremely large technical and practical value for a method for producing a soil conditioner and an organic fertilizer which have solved the conventional problems.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of equipment for explaining an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 mixer, 11 conveyor, 2 fermentation tank, 21 blower, 22 air control valve, 23 ventilation pipe, 24 thermometer,
25 raider, 26 conveyor, 3 sieve device, 31 oyster shell receiving tank, 32 conveyor, 4 weathering tank, 41 water tank,
42 water pump, 43 sprinkler, 44 hygrometer, 45
Thermometer, 46 ventilation fan, 47 scraper, 48 conveyor, 5 grinder, a fish processing residue, b aerobic bacteria, c oyster shell, d fermented product, e fermented oyster shell.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C05F 3/00 C09K 17/06 H 11/00 17/48 H C05G 3/04 101: 00 C09K 17/06 B09B 3/00 A 17/48 ZABD // C09K 101: 00 5/00 E (72) Inventor Tatsuro Osuga 1-1, Kamiwakicho, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya City, Aichi Prefecture San Want Mansion B-601 (72) Inventor Osuga Yuo 1-chome, 1-1, Kamiwaki-cho, Nakagawa-ku, Nagoya-shi, Aichi F-term (reference) 4D004 AA02 AA03 AA04 AA50 BA04 BA10 CA12 CA19 CA50 4D059 AA02 AA03 AA07 BA03 BE00 BK30 CC01 CC10 DA70 4H026 AA01 AA10 AB01 CC36 CC47 DD14 EE70 FF07 HH11 HH44

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A step of mixing a readily decomposable organic substance and oyster hulls and subjecting them to fermentation at a fermentation temperature of 70 ° C. or more under supply of air, and a step of separating fermented oyster husks from the fermented product obtained in this fermentation step And a humidity and weathering step in which the fermented oyster shells separated in this separation step are humidified to a humidity of 40 to 60% and weathered to deacetylate the chitin substance of the oyster shells to obtain a oyster shell treated material. A method for producing a soil conditioner comprising a characteristic oyster husk material. 2. The method for producing a soil conditioner comprising a oyster husk-treated material according to claim 1, wherein in the humidity conditioning and weathering step, the weathering of the fermented oyster husk is promoted by spraying water containing creatine. 3. A mixed organic fertilizer comprising a mixture of a powder of an oyster shell-treated material produced by the method of claim 1 or 2 and an organic fertilizer.